S. 950 2
1. AS USED IN THIS ARTICLE, THE TERM "CRIMINAL STREET GANG" MEANS ANY
ONGOING ORGANIZATION, ASSOCIATION, OR GROUP OF THREE OR MORE PERSONS,
WHETHER FORMAL OR INFORMAL, HAVING AS ONE OF ITS PRIMARY ACTIVITIES THE
COMMISSION OF CRIME, HAVING A COMMON NAME OR COMMON IDENTIFYING SIGN OR
SYMBOL AND WHOSE MEMBERS INDIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY ENGAGE IN, OR HAVE
ENGAGED IN, A PATTERN OF CRIMINAL GANG ACTIVITY.
2. AS USED IN THIS ARTICLE THE TERM "PATTERN OF CRIMINAL GANG ACTIV-
ITY" MEANS THE COMMISSION OF, ATTEMPTED COMMISSION OF, OR SOLICITATION
OF, OR CONVICTION OF TWO OR MORE FELONY OFFENSES AS ARE DEFINED IN THIS
CHAPTER, PROVIDED THAT THESE OFFENSES OCCURRED AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE
OF THIS ARTICLE AND THE LAST OF THESE OFFENSES OCCURRED WITHIN THREE
YEARS AFTER A PRIOR OFFENSE, AND THE OFFENSES WERE COMMITTED ON SEPARATE
OCCASIONS, OR BY TWO OR MORE PERSONS.
S 280.05 PARTICIPATION IN A STREET GANG IN THE SECOND DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF PARTICIPATION IN A STREET GANG IN THE SECOND
DEGREE WHEN HE OR SHE ACTIVELY PARTICIPATES IN ANY CRIMINAL STREET GANG
WITH THE KNOWLEDGE THAT ITS MEMBERS ENGAGE IN OR HAVE ENGAGED IN CRIMI-
NAL GANG ACTIVITY, AND WHO WILLFULLY PROMOTES, FURTHERS, ENCOURAGES OR
ASSISTS IN ANY NON-VIOLENT CRIMINAL ACTIVITY AS DEFINED BY THIS CHAPTER.
PARTICIPATION IN A STREET GANG IN THE SECOND DEGREE IS A CLASS A
MISDEMEANOR.
S 280.10 PARTICIPATION IN A STREET GANG IN THE FIRST DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF PARTICIPATION IN A STREET GANG IN THE FIRST
DEGREE WHEN HE OR SHE ACTIVELY PARTICIPATES IN ANY CRIMINAL STREET GANG
WITH THE KNOWLEDGE THAT ITS MEMBERS ENGAGE IN OR HAVE ENGAGED IN CRIMI-
NAL GANG ACTIVITY, AND WHO WILLFULLY PROMOTES, FURTHERS, ENCOURAGES OR
ASSISTS IN ANY VIOLENT CRIMINAL ACTIVITY AS DEFINED BY THIS CHAPTER.
PARTICIPATION IN A STREET GANG IN THE FIRST DEGREE IS A CLASS E FELO-
NY.
S 280.15 PARTICIPATION IN A STREET GANG ON OR NEAR SCHOOL GROUNDS.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF PARTICIPATION IN A STREET GANG ON OR NEAR SCHOOL
GROUNDS WHEN HE OR SHE KNOWINGLY AND UNLAWFULLY COMMITS THE OFFENSES
OUTLINED IN SECTION 280.05 OR 280.10 OF THIS ARTICLE AND SUCH VIOLATION
OCCURS ON OR WITHIN ONE THOUSAND FEET OF A PRIVATE OR PUBLIC NURSERY,
ELEMENTARY, VOCATIONAL, JUNIOR HIGH OR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DURING THE
HOURS WHICH SUCH FACILITY OR INSTITUTION IS OPEN FOR CLASSES OR SCHOOL
RELATED PROGRAMS.
PARTICIPATION IN A STREET GANG ON OR NEAR SCHOOL GROUNDS IS A CLASS E
FELONY.
S 280.20 FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE THIRD DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE THIRD DEGREE
WHEN ANY PERSON WHO IS CONVICTED OF A MISDEMEANOR, AS DEFINED IN THIS
CHAPTER, WHICH WAS COMMITTED FOR THE BENEFIT OF, AT THE DIRECTION OF, OR
IN ASSOCIATION WITH ANY CRIMINAL STREET GANG, WITH THE SPECIFIC INTENT
TO PROMOTE, FURTHER, OR ASSIST IN ANY CRIMINAL CONDUCT BY GANG MEMBERS,
SHALL, UPON CONVICTION FOR AND IN ADDITION TO THAT CONVICTION, BE GUILTY
OF FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE THIRD DEGREE.
FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE THIRD DEGREE IS A CLASS A MISDEMEANOR.
S 280.25 FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE SECOND DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE SECOND DEGREE
WHEN ANY PERSON WHO IS CONVICTED OF A NON-VIOLENT FELONY, AS DEFINED IN
THIS CHAPTER, WHICH WAS COMMITTED FOR THE BENEFIT OF, AT THE DIRECTION
OF, OR IN ASSOCIATION WITH ANY CRIMINAL STREET GANG, WITH THE SPECIFIC
INTENT TO PROMOTE, FURTHER, OR ASSIST IN ANY CRIMINAL CONDUCT BY GANG
MEMBERS, SHALL, UPON CONVICTION FOR AND IN ADDITION TO THAT FELONY, BE
GUILTY OF FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE SECOND DEGREE.
S. 950 3
FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE SECOND DEGREE IS A CLASS E FELONY.
S 280.30 FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE FIRST DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE FIRST DEGREE
WHEN ANY PERSON WHO IS CONVICTED OF A VIOLENT FELONY, AS DEFINED IN THIS
CHAPTER, WHICH WAS COMMITTED FOR THE BENEFIT OF, AT THE DIRECTION OF, OR
IN ASSOCIATION WITH ANY CRIMINAL STREET GANG, WITH THE SPECIFIC INTENT
TO PROMOTE, FURTHER, OR ASSIST IN ANY CRIMINAL CONDUCT BY GANG MEMBERS,
SHALL, UPON CONVICTION FOR AND IN ADDITION TO THAT FELONY, BE GUILTY OF
FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE FIRST DEGREE.
FURTHERING A STREET GANG IN THE FIRST DEGREE IS A CLASS D FELONY.
S 280.35 FURTHERING A STREET GANG ON OR NEAR SCHOOL GROUNDS.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF FURTHERING A STREET GANG ON OR NEAR SCHOOL
GROUNDS WHEN HE OR SHE KNOWINGLY AND UNLAWFULLY COMMITS THE OFFENSES
OUTLINED IN SECTION 280.20, 280.25 OR 280.30 OF THIS ARTICLE AND SUCH
VIOLATION OCCURS ON OR WITHIN ONE THOUSAND FEET OF A PRIVATE OR PUBLIC
NURSERY, ELEMENTARY, VOCATIONAL, JUNIOR HIGH OR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
DURING THE HOURS WHICH THE FACILITY IS OPEN FOR CLASSES OR SCHOOL
RELATED PROGRAMS.
FURTHERING A STREET GANG ON OR NEAR SCHOOL GROUNDS IS A CLASS C FELO-
NY.
S 280.40 COERCING ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER STREET GANG
ACTIVITY IN THE SECOND DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF COERCING ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER
STREET GANG ACTIVITY IN THE SECOND DEGREE WHEN ANY PERSON SIXTEEN YEARS
OF AGE OR OLDER WHO THREATENS ANOTHER WITH THE USE OF PHYSICAL VIOLENCE
ON TWO OR MORE SEPARATE OCCASIONS WITHIN ANY THIRTY DAY PERIOD WITH THE
INTENT TO COERCE, INDUCE OR SOLICIT SUCH INDIVIDUAL TO ACTIVELY PARTIC-
IPATE IN OR FURTHER A CRIMINAL STREET GANG SHALL BE GUILTY OF COERCING
ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER STREET GANG ACTIVITY IN THE SECOND
DEGREE.
COERCING ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER STREET GANG ACTIVITY IN
THE SECOND DEGREE IS A CLASS E FELONY.
S 280.45 COERCING ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER STREET GANG
ACTIVITY IN THE FIRST DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF COERCING ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER
STREET GANG ACTIVITY IN THE FIRST DEGREE WHEN ANY PERSON SIXTEEN YEARS
OF AGE OR OLDER WHO UTILIZES PHYSICAL VIOLENCE TO COERCE, INDUCE OR
SOLICIT ANOTHER TO ACTIVELY PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER ANY CRIMINAL
STREET GANG SHALL BE GUILTY OF COERCING ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR
FURTHER STREET GANG ACTIVITY IN THE FIRST DEGREE.
COERCING ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER STREET GANG ACTIVITY IN
THE FIRST DEGREE IS A CLASS D FELONY.
S 280.50 COERCING ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER STREET GANG
ACTIVITY ON OR NEAR SCHOOL GROUNDS.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF COERCING ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER
STREET GANG ACTIVITY ON OR NEAR SCHOOL GROUNDS WHEN HE OR SHE KNOWINGLY
AND UNLAWFULLY COMMITS THE OFFENSES OUTLINED IN SECTION 280.40 OR 280.45
OF THIS ARTICLE AND SUCH VIOLATION OCCURS ON OR WITHIN ONE THOUSAND FEET
OF A PRIVATE OR PUBLIC NURSERY, ELEMENTARY, VOCATIONAL, JUNIOR HIGH OR
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DURING THE HOURS WHICH THE FACILITY IS OPEN FOR
CLASSES OR SCHOOL RELATED PROGRAMS.
COERCING ANOTHER TO PARTICIPATE IN OR FURTHER STREET GANG ACTIVITY ON
OR NEAR SCHOOL GROUNDS IS A CLASS C FELONY.
S 280.55 SENTENCING LIMITATIONS.
IF A COURT SENTENCES A PERSON TO A TERM OF PROBATION OR SUSPENDS THE
EXECUTION OF SENTENCE IMPOSED UPON A DEFENDANT FOR ANY SECTION OF THIS
S. 950 4
ARTICLE OTHER THAN SECTION 280.05 OR 280.20, THE COURT SHALL REQUIRE
THAT THE DEFENDANT SERVE A MINIMUM OF NINETY DAYS IN THE COUNTY JAIL AS
A CONDITION THEREOF; HOWEVER THE COURT MAY REFUSE TO IMPOSE THIS MINIMUM
JAIL TERM IF, UPON A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE, IT DETERMINES THAT THE
INTEREST OF JUSTICE WOULD BEST BE SERVED BY NOT DOING SO. IN ALL SUCH
CASES, THE COURT MUST SPECIFY ON THE RECORD ITS REASONS FOR REDUCING THE
MINIMUM JAIL TERM.
S 3. The education law is amended by adding a new section 319 to read
as follows:
S 319. NEIGHBORHOOD QUALITY OF LIFE COMMUNITY SERVICE BY STUDENTS. 1.
BEGINNING WITH THE ELEVENTH GRADE CLASS IN THE TWO THOUSAND TEN--TWO
THOUSAND ELEVEN SCHOOL YEAR AND INCLUDING EVERY CLASS THEREAFTER, EACH
STUDENT SHALL COMPLETE A PROGRAM OF TWENTY HOURS OF COMMUNITY SERVICE
DURING THE COURSE OF THE ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH GRADES AS A CONDITION OF
GRADUATION FROM PUBLIC OR PRIVATE HIGH SCHOOL. SUCH COMMUNITY SERVICE
SHALL BE DIRECTED AT IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR RESIDENTS OF THE
SCHOOL DISTRICT NEIGHBORHOODS.
2. EACH LOCAL BOARD OF EDUCATION OR GOVERNING BODY MAY ESTABLISH A
LOCAL EDUCATION FUND FOR THE PURPOSES OF ADMINISTERING THE COMMUNITY
SERVICE PROGRAM. THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OR GOVERNING BODY IS AUTHORIZED
TO ACCEPT AND DEPOSIT INTO SUCH FUND ANY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM BUSINESSES
OR INDIVIDUALS WISHING TO SUPPORT SUCH COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAM.
3. EACH LOCAL BOARD OF EDUCATION OR GOVERNING BODY SHALL, PURSUANT TO
GUIDELINES ESTABLISHED BY THE COMMISSIONER, IMPLEMENT A PROGRAM OF
NEIGHBORHOOD QUALITY OF LIFE COMMUNITY SERVICE FOR STUDENTS IN GRADES
ELEVEN AND TWELVE. THE COMMISSIONER SHALL, AT THE REQUEST OF A LOCAL
BOARD OF EDUCATION OR GOVERNING BODY, PROVIDE ANY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
WHICH MAY BE NECESSARY TO AID A DISTRICT IN THE PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTA-
TION OF ITS NEIGHBORHOOD QUALITY OF LIFE COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAM. THE
PROGRAM SHALL PROVIDE, EXCEPT AS PRESCRIBED IN SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS
SECTION:
(A) A STUDENT SHALL COMPLETE A MINIMUM OF TWENTY HOURS OF COMMUNITY
SERVICE OVER TWO YEARS, BUT NO MORE THAN TEN HOURS IN ANY ONE YEAR;
(B) A STUDENT MAY COMPLETE THE COMMUNITY SERVICE DURING THE EVENINGS,
ON WEEKENDS, OR DURING THE SUMMER, BUT SHALL NOT COMPLETE THE COMMUNITY
SERVICE DURING SCHOOL HOURS UNLESS PERMISSION TO DO SO IS GRANTED BY THE
SUPERINTENDENT OR COMMUNITY SUPERINTENDENT OF THE SCHOOL DISTRICT IN
WHICH SUCH STUDENT IS ENROLLED. PERMISSION FOR COMPLETION OF THE COMMU-
NITY SERVICE DURING SCHOOL HOURS BY THE STUDENT MAY BE GRANTED BY THE
SUPERINTENDENT OR COMMUNITY SUPERINTENDENT ONLY IF HE OR SHE IS SATIS-
FIED THAT (I) SUCH COMMUNITY SERVICE WILL NOT INTERFERE WITH THE
STUDENT'S OVERALL ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND (II) THE STUDENT DEMONSTRATES
THAT HE OR SHE IS UNABLE TO COMPLETE THE COMMUNITY SERVICE DURING EVEN-
INGS, WEEKEND OR SUMMER HOURS OR PERMISSION MAY BE GRANTED FOR
COMPLETION OF THE COMMUNITY SERVICE DURING SCHOOL HOURS, IF SUCH COMMU-
NITY SERVICE IS IN CONJUNCTION WITH AN IN-SCHOOL SERVICE PROGRAM;
(C) A STUDENT MAY COMPLETE THE COMMUNITY SERVICE REQUIREMENT WITH A
NOT-FOR-PROFIT AGENCY OR ORGANIZATION, A PUBLIC AGENCY OR INSTITUTION, A
NOT-FOR-PROFIT OR FOR-PROFIT HEALTH CARE FACILITY, OR ANY OTHER COMMUNI-
TY ORGANIZATION WHICH THE LOCAL BOARD OF EDUCATION OR GOVERNING BODY
DEEMS APPROPRIATE; AND
(D) A STUDENT SHALL NOT RECEIVE COMPENSATION FOR COMMUNITY SERVICE OR
SUBSTITUTE EMPLOYMENT FOR THE SERVICE REQUIREMENT BUT MAY PURSUANT TO
RULES AND REGULATIONS TO BE ADOPTED BY THE COMMISSIONER, BE ELIGIBLE FOR
ELECTIVE CREDIT TOWARD GRADUATION OR TOWARD A GRADUATION REQUIREMENT, OR
S. 950 5
AS COLLEGE CREDIT IN STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGES AND THE COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES IN THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK SYSTEM.
4. THE COMMISSIONER SHALL PERIODICALLY REVIEW THE PROGRESS OF THE
NEIGHBORHOOD QUALITY OF LIFE COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAM, AND SHALL REPORT
TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE LEGISLATURE ON THE FINDINGS OF THE REVIEW,
INCLUDING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHANGES WHICH ARE DEEMED APPROPRIATE.
5. THE DEPARTMENT SHALL:
(A) DEVELOP A LONG RANGE PLAN THAT INCLUDES THE INTEGRATION OF COMMU-
NITY SERVICE LEARNING INTO ACADEMIC CURRICULA;
(B) WORK FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF NOT-FOR-PROFIT COMMUNITY BASED ORGAN-
IZATIONS AND YOUTH SERVICE AGENCIES INTO COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAMS; AND
(C) CREATE A RESOURCE INFORMATION NETWORK TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE, IDEAS
AND MOTIVATION TO SCHOOL DISTRICTS AS THEY IMPLEMENT COMMUNITY SERVICE
PROGRAMS.
6. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO EXEMPT THE AGENCIES,
ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS WHICH PERMIT HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TO
PERFORM COMMUNITY SERVICE FROM COMPLYING WITH BOTH FEDERAL AND STATE
CHILD LABOR LAWS.
7. THE COMMISSIONER SHALL ADOPT RULES AND REGULATIONS NECESSARY TO
EFFECTUATE THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION.
S 4. Section 1456 of the tax law is amended by adding a new
subsection (u) to read as follows:
(U) SAFE NEIGHBORHOOD INVESTMENT CREDIT. (1) A TAXPAYER SHALL BE
ALLOWED A CREDIT AGAINST THE TAX IMPOSED BY THIS ARTICLE. THE AMOUNT OF
THE CREDIT SHALL BE EQUAL TO TWENTY-FIVE PERCENT OF THE SUM OF THE
FOLLOWING INVESTMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS MADE DURING THE TAXABLE YEAR AND
CERTIFIED BY, WHERE APPROPRIATE, THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION OR THE
COMMISSIONER OF THE OFFICE OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES: (A) CONTRIB-
UTIONS OF MONEY TO ONE OR MORE LOCAL EDUCATION FUNDS ESTABLISHED PURSU-
ANT TO SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED NINETEEN OF THE EDUCA-
TION LAW FOR THE PURPOSES OF ADMINISTERING NEIGHBORHOOD QUALITY OF LIFE
COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAMS FOR STUDENTS; (B) INVESTMENT MADE IN, OR
CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE FORM OF DONATIONS MADE TO ONE OR MORE PROGRAMS
AUTHORIZED BY THE ADVANTAGE AFTER-SCHOOL PROGRAM; (C) INVESTMENT MADE
IN, OR CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE FORM OF DONATIONS MADE TO ONE OR MORE
PROGRAMS IDENTIFIED BY THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
FIVE OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED NINETEEN OF THE EDUCATION LAW. THE TOTAL
AMOUNT OF CREDIT ALLOWABLE TO A TAXPAYER UNDER THIS PROVISION FOR ALL
YEARS, TAKEN IN THE AGGREGATE, SHALL NOT EXCEED THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND
DOLLARS, AND SHALL NOT EXCEED ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS WITH RESPECT
TO THE INVESTMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS DESCRIBED IN EACH OF SUBPARAGRAPHS
(A), (B) AND (C) OF THIS PARAGRAPH.
(2) THE CREDIT AND CARRYOVER OF SUCH CREDIT ALLOWED UNDER THIS
SUBSECTION FOR ANY TAXABLE YEAR SHALL NOT, IN THE AGGREGATE, REDUCE THE
TAX DUE FOR SUCH YEAR TO LESS THAN THE MINIMUM TAX FIXED BY SUBSECTION
(B) OF SECTION FOURTEEN HUNDRED FIFTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE. HOWEVER, IF
THE AMOUNT OF CREDIT OR CARRYOVERS OF SUCH CREDIT, OR BOTH, ALLOWED
UNDER THIS SUBSECTION FOR ANY TAXABLE YEAR REDUCES THE TAX TO SUCH
AMOUNT, OR IF ANY PART OF THE CREDIT OR CARRYOVERS OF SUCH CREDIT MAY
NOT BE DEDUCTED FROM THE TAX OTHERWISE DUE BY REASON OF THE FINAL
SENTENCE OF THIS PARAGRAPH, ANY AMOUNT OF CREDIT OR CARRYOVERS OF SUCH
CREDIT THUS NOT DEDUCTIBLE IN SUCH TAXABLE YEAR MAY BE CARRIED OVER TO
THE FOLLOWING YEAR OR YEARS AND MAY BE DEDUCTED FROM THE TAX FOR SUCH
YEAR OR YEARS. IN ADDITION, THE AMOUNT OF SUCH CREDIT, AND CARRYOVERS OF
SUCH CREDIT TO THE TAXABLE YEAR, DEDUCTED FROM THE TAX OTHERWISE DUE MAY
NOT, IN THE AGGREGATE, EXCEED FIFTY PERCENT OF THE TAX IMPOSED UNDER
S. 950 6
SECTION FOURTEEN HUNDRED FIFTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE COMPUTED WITHOUT
REGARD TO ANY CREDIT PROVIDED FOR UNDER THIS ARTICLE.
S 5. The sum of fifty million dollars ($50,000,000), or so much there-
of as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated to the office of children
and family services from any moneys in the state treasury in the general
fund to the credit of the local assistance account not otherwise appro-
priated for services and expenses of the office of children and family
services and any other appropriate agency or department for the purposes
of implementing the programs authorized by the Advantage after-school
program. Such sum shall be payable on the audit and warrant of the state
comptroller on vouchers certified or approved by the commissioner of the
office of children and family services, or his or her duly designated
representative in the manner provided by law. The commissioner of the
office of children and family services shall distribute such moneys to
school districts known to be areas of high risk for gang related activ-
ities for the purposes of:
1. education and outreach programs directed at students in grades two
through nine which promote awareness of the dangers of gang affiliations
and gang related violence in neighborhoods; and
2. local education funds established pursuant to section 319 of the
education law, for the purposes of funding and administering the neigh-
borhood quality of life community service program for students in elev-
enth and twelfth grades.
S 6. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeed-
ing the date on which it shall have become a law; provided, however,
that the attorney general and the commissioner of education and the
commissioner of the office of children and family services are author-
ized and directed to promulgate any rules and regulations necessary for
the timely implementation of this act on its effective date, on or
before such date.