NY State Senate Bill 2011-S4746

Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Codes Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
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Delivered to Governor
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	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Jan 04, 2012	referred to codes
Apr 18, 2011	referred to codes

co-Sponsors

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Details

Current Committee:: Senate Codes
Law Section:: Criminal Procedure Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §400.27, CP L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2013-2014: S3645
2015-2016: S1432

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Summary

Amends the sentencing procedures and jury charge in capital cases.

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                BILL NUMBER:S4746

TITLE OF BILL:
An act
to amend the criminal procedure law, in relation to capital punishment

PURPOSE:
The bill addresses the Court of Appeals decision in People v. Lavalle
by mandating that those convicted of first degree murder - as it
relates to the death of a police or correction officer, or a victim
killed in furtherance of an act of terrorism be unanimously sentenced
by a jury to death, life imprisonment without parole, or an
indeterminate sentence with a minimum term of between 20 and 25
years, to be determined by the court, and a maximum term of life
imprisonment. If a jury is unable to unanimously agree upon any of
the aforementioned permissible sentences, then the defendant will be
sentenced to a term of life imprisonment without parole.

SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:
Section 1 and 2 of the bill would amend subdivisions 1 and 10 of
section 400.27 of the Criminal Procedure Law to include, with regard
to conviction for murder in the first degree as defined by Penal Law
§ 125.27 (1) (a) (i), (iii) or (xiii), among the list of sentences
the jury is permitted to impose (death or life imprisonment without
parole) following a conviction of Murder in the First Degree, an
indeterminate sentence with a minimum ten11 of between 20 and 25

years, to be determined by the court, and a maximum term of life
imprisonment.

Section 2 also requires the court in these cases, in its charge, to
instruct the jury that in the case of a jury deadlock (the jury is
unable to unanimously agree on any of the three permissible
sentencing options); the defendant would be sentenced to life
imprisonment without parole.

Section 3 of the bill would amend subdivision 11 of section 400.27 of
the Criminal Procedure Law to conform to sections 1 and 2 of the bill.

Section 4 of the bill contains a severability clause.

Section 5 of the bill would provide that the bill takes effect
immediately.

JUSTIFICATION:
On June 25, 2004, the Court of Appeals, the state's highest court
ruled (4-3) that the State's Death Penalty statue is unconstitutional
because of its jury deadlock instruction (People v.
Stephen LaValle). The disputed instruction provided at the penalty
phase that jurors must decide unanimously whether a defendant should
be sentenced to death or to life imprisonment without parole, but
also that if they fail to agree, the court would sentence the
defendant to life imprisonment with parole eligibility after serving
a minimum of 20 to 25 years. The court concluded that this
instruction "gives rise to an unconstitutionally palpable risk that
one or more jurors who cannot bear the thought that a defendant may
walk the street again after serving 20 to 25 years will join jurors


favoring death in order to avoid the deadlock sentence: " The court
of Appeals further held that the Due Process Clause of the New York
State Constitution requires that the jury be instructed as to the
consequences of a deadlock in their sentencing deliberations.

This bill would remedy for certain provisions of the death penalty
statute - Court of Appeals' concern regarding coercion by mandating a
sentence of life without parole if the sentencing jury deadlocks,
thereby eliminating the possibility that a defendant in such a case
could ever be released. Therefore, a juror who, in good conscience,
believes that death was not an appropriate sentence in such a case
could not be coerced into voting for death out of fear of the
defendant's release. Additionally, the court's requirement that the
sentencing jury be informed of the result of their inability to reach
a unanimous sentencing verdict, is met by adapting the existing
instruction to reflect the new jury default sentence of life without
parole.

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
2009: A.2951

FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:
None.

EFFECTIVE DATE:
Immediately.

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                            
                    S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________

                                  4746

                       2011-2012 Regular Sessions

                            I N  S E N A T E

                             April 18, 2011
                               ___________

Introduced  by  Sen.  O'MARA -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
  printed to be committed to the Committee on Codes

AN ACT to amend the criminal  procedure  law,  in  relation  to  capital
  punishment

  THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section 1. Subdivision 1 of section 400.27 of the  criminal  procedure
law,  as  added  by chapter 1 of the laws of 1995, is amended to read as
follows:
  1. Upon [the] conviction of a defendant for the offense of  murder  in
the  first  degree  as  defined by SUBPARAGRAPHS (I), (III) OR (XIII) OF
PARAGRAPH (A) OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF section 125.27 of the penal law, the
court shall promptly conduct a separate sentencing proceeding to  deter-
mine  whether  the  defendant  shall be sentenced to death [or], to life
imprisonment without parole pursuant  to  subdivision  five  of  section
70.00  of  the penal law, OR TO A SENTENCE OF IMPRISONMENT FOR THE CLASS
A-I FELONY OF MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE OTHER THAN A SENTENCE  OF  LIFE
IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT PAROLE.  Nothing in this section shall be deemed to
preclude  the people at any time from determining that the death penalty
shall not be sought in a particular case, in  which  case  the  separate
sentencing  proceeding shall not be conducted and the court may sentence
such defendant to life imprisonment without parole or to a  sentence  of
imprisonment  for  the  class  A-I  felony of murder in the first degree
other than a sentence of life imprisonment without parole.
  S 2. Subdivision 10 of section 400.27 of the criminal  procedure  law,
as  added  by  chapter  1  of  the  laws  of 1995, is amended to read as
follows:
  10. (A) At the conclusion of all the  evidence,  the  people  and  the
defendant  may present argument in summation for or against the sentence
sought by the people. The people may deliver the first summation and the
defendant may then deliver the last  summation.  Thereafter,  the  court

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                           LBD09719-01-1

S. 4746                             2

shall  deliver  a  charge  to the jury on any matters appropriate in the
circumstances. In its charge, the court must instruct the jury that with
respect to each count of murder in the  first  degree  the  jury  should
consider whether or not a sentence of death should be imposed and wheth-
er  or  not  a  sentence  of  life imprisonment without parole should be
imposed[,] and [that the jury must be unanimous with respect  to  either
sentence.  The  court  must also instruct the jury that in the event the
jury fails to reach unanimous agreement with respect  to  the  sentence,
the  court  will sentence the defendant to a term of imprisonment with a
minimum term of between twenty and twenty-five years and a maximum  term
of life. Following the court's charge, the jury shall retire to consider
the  sentence  to be imposed. Unless inconsistent with the provisions of
this section, the provisions of sections 310.10, 310.20 and 310.30 shall
govern the deliberations of the jury] WHETHER OR NOT  A  SENTENCE  TO  A
TERM OF IMPRISONMENT WITH A MINIMUM TERM OF TWENTY TO TWENTY-FIVE YEARS,
TO  BE  DETERMINED BY THE COURT, AND A MAXIMUM TERM OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT
SHOULD BE IMPOSED.
  (B) THE COURT MUST INSTRUCT THE JURY THAT THE JURY MUST  BE  UNANIMOUS
WITH RESPECT TO THE SENTENCE TO BE IMPOSED. THE COURT MUST ALSO INSTRUCT
THE  JURY  THAT IN THE EVENT THE JURY FAILS TO REACH UNANIMOUS AGREEMENT
WITH RESPECT TO THE SENTENCE, THE COURT WILL SENTENCE THE DEFENDANT TO A
TERM OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT PAROLE.
  (C) FOLLOWING THE COURT'S CHARGE, THE JURY SHALL RETIRE  TO  DETERMINE
THE  SENTENCE  TO BE IMPOSED. UNLESS INCONSISTENT WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
THIS SECTION, THE PROVISIONS OF SECTIONS 310.10, 310.20  AND  310.30  OF
THIS CHAPTER SHALL GOVERN THE DELIBERATIONS OF THE JURY.
  S  3.  Subdivision 11 of section 400.27 of the criminal procedure law,
as added by chapter 1 of the  laws  of  1995,  is  amended  to  read  as
follows:
  11.  (a)  The  jury  may  not direct imposition of a sentence of death
unless it unanimously finds beyond a reasonable doubt that the aggravat-
ing factor or factors substantially outweigh the  mitigating  factor  or
factors established, if any, and unanimously determines that the penalty
of death should be imposed. Any member or members of the jury who find a
mitigating  factor  to have been proven by the defendant by a preponder-
ance of the evidence may consider such factor established regardless  of
the number of jurors who concur that the factor has been established.
  (b)  If  the  jury  directs imposition of [either] a sentence of death
[or], A SENTENCE OF life imprisonment without parole, OR A SENTENCE TO A
TERM OF IMPRISONMENT WITH A MINIMUM TERM OF TWENTY TO TWENTY-FIVE YEARS,
TO BE DETERMINED BY THE COURT, AND A MAXIMUM TERM OF LIFE  IMPRISONMENT,
it  shall specify on the record those mitigating and aggravating factors
considered and those mitigating factors established by the defendant, if
any.
  (c) With respect to a count or concurrent  counts  of  murder  in  the
first  degree,  the court may direct the jury to cease deliberation with
respect to the sentence or sentences to  be  imposed  if  the  jury  has
deliberated  for  an extensive period of time without reaching unanimous
agreement on the sentence or sentences to be imposed and  the  court  is
satisfied  that any such agreement is unlikely within a reasonable time.
The provisions of this paragraph shall apply with respect to consecutive
counts of murder in the first degree. In the event the jury is unable to
reach unanimous agreement, the court  must  sentence  the  defendant  in
accordance  with  [subdivisions  one  through three] SUBDIVISION FIVE of
section 70.00 of the penal law with respect to any count  or  counts  of

S. 4746                             3

murder in the first degree upon which the jury failed to reach unanimous
agreement as to the sentence to be imposed.
  (d) If the jury unanimously determines that a sentence of death should
be imposed, the court must thereupon impose a sentence of death.  There-
after, however, the court may, upon written motion of the defendant, set
aside the sentence of death upon any of the grounds set forth in section
330.30 OF THIS CHAPTER.  The procedures set forth in sections 330.40 and
330.50  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, as applied to separate sentencing proceedings
under this section, shall govern the motion and the court upon  granting
the motion shall, except as may otherwise be required by subdivision one
of  section  330.50  OF THIS CHAPTER, direct a new sentencing proceeding
pursuant to this section.   Upon granting the motion  upon  any  of  the
grounds  set  forth  in section 330.30 OF THIS CHAPTER and setting aside
the sentence, the court must afford the people a  reasonable  period  of
time,  which  shall  not  be less than ten days, to determine whether to
take an appeal from the order setting aside the sentence of  death.  The
taking  of  an  appeal  by  the  people  stays the effectiveness of that
portion of the court's order that directs a new sentencing proceeding.
  (e) If the jury unanimously determines that a sentence of life  impri-
sonment  without  parole  should  be  imposed,  the court must thereupon
impose a sentence of life imprisonment without parole.
  (E-1) IF THE JURY UNANIMOUSLY DETERMINES THAT A SENTENCE TO A TERM  OF
IMPRISONMENT  WITH  A MINIMUM TERM OF TWENTY TO TWENTY-FIVE YEARS, TO BE
DETERMINED BY THE COURT, AND A MAXIMUM TERM OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT  SHOULD
BE IMPOSED, THE COURT MUST THEREUPON IMPOSE SUCH SENTENCE.
  (f)  Where  a  sentence has been unanimously determined by the jury it
must be recorded on the minutes and read to the  jury,  and  the  jurors
must  be  collectively asked whether such is their sentence. Even though
no juror makes any declaration in the negative, the jury must, if either
party makes such an application, be polled  and  each  juror  separately
asked  whether  the sentence announced by the foreman is in all respects
his or her sentence. If, upon either  the  collective  or  the  separate
inquiry,  any  juror  answers  in the negative, the court must refuse to
accept the sentence and must direct the jury to resume its deliberation.
If no disagreement is expressed, the jury must be  discharged  from  the
case.
  S  4.  Severability.  If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision,
section or part of this act shall be adjudged by any court of  competent
jurisdiction  to  be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or
invalidate the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in its operation
to the clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, section or part thereof
directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment  shall  have
been rendered. It is hereby declared to be the intent of the legislature
that  this  act  would have been enacted even if such invalid provisions
had not been included therewith.
  S 5. This act shall take effect immediately, and shall apply to crimes
committed prior to, on or after the effective date of this act.

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Senate Bill S4746

Sponsored By

Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Codes Committee

co-Sponsors

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Details

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Summary

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

Comments

Senate Bill S4746

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Sponsored By

Thomas F. O'Mara

Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Codes Committee

co-Sponsors

Joseph A. Griffo

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Details

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Summary

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

2011-S4746 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

Comments