NY State Senate Bill 2013-S1377

Senate Bill S1377

2013-2014 Legislative Session

Relates to controlled substances and indeterminate sentences; to the expansion of merit time; repealer

download bill text pdf

Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Crime Victims, Crime And Correction Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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Actions

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	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Jan 08, 2014	referred to crime victims, crime and correction
Apr 22, 2013	defeated in crime victims, crime and correction
Mar 11, 2013	notice of committee consideration - requested
Jan 09, 2013	referred to crime victims, crime and correction

Votes

- Apr 22, 2013 - Crime Victims, Crime And Correction Committee Vote
  S1377
  
  4
  
  Aye
  
  7
  
  Nay
  
  1
  
  Aye with Reservations
  
  0
  
  Absent
  
  1
  
  Excused
  
  0
  
  Abstained
  - - Crime Victims, Crime And Correction Committee Vote: Apr 22, 2013
      
      aye (4)
      
      Hassell-Thompson
      
      Hoylman-Sigal
      
      Montgomery
      
      Rivera
      
      nay (7)
      
      Carlucci
      
      DeFrancisco
      
      Gallivan
      
      Griffo
      
      Maziarz
      
      Nozzolio
      
      Ritchie
      
      aye wr (1)
      
      Peralta
      
      excused (1)
      
      Little

co-Sponsors

2013-S1377 (ACTIVE) - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A4198
Current Committee:: Senate Crime Victims, Crime And Correction
Law Section:: Correction Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §803, rpld §803-b, Cor L; amd §41, Chap 738 of 2004; amd §632-a, Exec L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2009-2010: S2932, A6487
2011-2012: S338, A154
2015-2016: S980, A2641
2017-2018: S4260, A3351
2019-2020: S808, A3955
2021-2022: S4702, A2241
2023-2024: S4326, A1392

2013-S1377 (ACTIVE) - Summary

Relates to controlled substances and indeterminate sentences; relates to the expansion of merit time and repeals provisions relating to the allowance of limited credit time for inmates.

2013-S1377 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                BILL NUMBER:S1377

TITLE OF BILL:
An act
to amend the correction law, chapter 738 of the laws of 2004 amending
the correction law and other laws relating to controlled substances and
indeterminate sentences, the executive law, in relation to merit
time, and to repeal section 803-b of the correction law relating to
limited credit time allowances

PURPOSE OR GENERAL IDEA OF BILL:
To expand eligibility in the merit time allowance program.

SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Section 1 of the bill amends section 803 of the correction law to
allow all inmates, except those serving a sentence of life
imprisonment without parole, murder in the first degree, incest, an
offense defined in article two hundred sixty-three of the penal law,
an act of terrorism, aggravated harassment of an employee by an
inmate, or an attempt or conspiracy to commit any such offense, to
earn merit time Allowance.

The merit time allowance would be one-sixth of an indeterminate and
one-seventh of a determinate sentence. This section of the bill also
expands the criteria that a person in the custody of the Department

of Correctional Services (DOGS) may meet in order to earn merit time.

Section 2, 3, and 4 of the bill are conforming changes.

Sections 3 through 7 make technical changes to avoid unintended
automatic repeal of merit time eligibility for certain offenders

Section 9 makes a conforming change in the Executive Law. Section 10
of the bill is the effective date.

JUSTIFICATION:
The Merit Time program allows inmates who excel, attain educational
and vocational degrees, and maintain a stellar disciplinary record
the opportunity to present their case to the Parole Board earlier
than they otherwise would have. The program promotes the
rehabilitation of inmates, and thereby provides several significant
benefits. Specifically, the program improves discipline within
prison, enables the Parole Board to make better evaluations of an
inmate's ability to reintegrate into society, and saves the State
millions of dollars. For these reasons the Governor's Commission on
Sentencing Reform recommended the program be expanded to allow
violent offenders to participate. This bill accomplishes that goal.

THE MERIT TIME PROGRAM PROMOTES REHABILITATION
The program was first instituted in 1997, and has been exceedingly
successful. The results are clear. Merit Time motivates inmates to
take ownership of their future, and to better themselves in order to
prove that they are worthy of release by the Parole Board, rather
than simply waiting out their maximum sentence until the State is
required to grant their release. Those who successfully complete the


Merit Time program and are released by the Parole Board show far
better recidivism rates than those who served out their maximum
sentence. Since 1997, only 6.1% of inmates who completed the Merit
Time program were convicted on another crime within two years, as
opposed to 16.5% return for new offense rate for all releases since
records have been kept. These men and women have made permanent and
profound changes in their lives. They left prison rehabilitated.

This bill expands on the successes of the Merit Time program. When the
original program was instituted in the late 20th century, violent
offenders were prohibited from participation, due to the fear that
these individuals were the "worst of the worst." It is true that
those who cause physical harm to another person, or take a life,
deserve greater punishment than those who commit other crimes. But it
is false to presume that a person who committed a violent crime is
less able to be rehabilitated than a person who committed a
nonviolent crime.

Indeed, the opposite is true: The most serious violent offenders have
a lower recidivism rate than every category of non-violent offender.
Of the 585 most serious violent felony offenders who were released to
parole supervision for the first time between 2005 and 2008, none has
returned to prison for a new crime. Extending merit time to violent
offenders makes sense. Because violent offenders are better able to
rehabilitate themselves and live law abiding lives after they are
reintegrated into the community, it is well worth allowing them to
participate in the Merit Time program. There are several other
benefits as well.

THE MERIT TIME PROGRAM IMPROVES DISCIPLINE IN PRISON
Maintaining safety in prisons is directly related to the balanced
ability to punish negative behavior and poor program participation
while rewarding positive behavior and good program participation. An
inmate who is able to affirmatively take responsibility for their
management programs, job training classes, high school and college
courses, all while maintaining a superior disciplinary record, will
behave better than an inmate who has no such opportunities or
incentives. The Merit Time program discourages inmates from breaking
the rules, and therefore facilitates the effective administration of
the prison. Indeed, the program has been shown to reduce violence in
prisons. This bill facilitates those positive outcomes by expanding
the eligibility for the merit time program.

THE MERIT TIME PROGRAM SERVES AS AN EVALUATIVE TOOL
For the Parole Board to accurately assess the risk posed by an
offender's reentry into the community, they must understand the
personal deficiencies in that inmate's character that led to their
incarceration, the actions taken by that inmate to rehabilitate
themselves while incarcerated, and have a way to measure the results.
The Merit Time program provides that information, and the Parole
Board is thereby enabled to make an informed decision when
considering the application of those inmates. This is especially
significant in the case of violent offenders, who we want to be sure
are truly rehabilitated before they are released.

THE MERIT TIME PROGRAM SAVES THE STATE HUNDREDS OF
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS


It costs over $50,000 (medical and capital construction costs
included) to confine an inmate for one year. New York State taxpayers
benefit when prison is reserved for offenders who pose a risk to the
public. The Merit Time Program reduces incarceration costs by
limiting the time that persons who have proven their rehabilitation
remain in prison, and reducing the astronomical expense associated
with recidivism. More effective and less costly prison management,
and control of prisoners with less pressure on correctional officers,
are corollary benefits of good rehabilitation programs and earned
rehabilitative incentives.

We should therefore work to expand successful programs that encourage
inmates to become better people, and demonstrate that they are
prepared to thrive and provide a benefit to society after their
release. The Department of Corrections Services estimates that the
Merit Time program has saved the State nearly $384 million dollars
over the course often years by graduating people those who have
proven their worth.

Increasing incarceration while ignoring more effective approaches
imposes a heavy burden upon courts, corrections and communities,
while providing no impact on crime. Should this legislature expand
eligibility to violent offenders who have shown that they can reenter
society safely, the State will save tens of millions more.

In order to achieve the desired public safety outcome, the
requirements for an expanded Merit Time Program for offenders with a
history of violent behavior must be rigorous and designed to promote
life changing behaviors. As proposed under this legislation only
offenders participating in exceptional programming aimed at
permanently changing antisocial behaviors can successfully complete
the Merit Time Program.

As a result many will not be eligible for the credit. Merit time
credit is not constituted as a right. It is only a privilege
incentive afforded to those who exhibit exceptional rehabilitative
behaviors and adjustment. An individual who continues to demonstrate
counterproductive behavior will not be eligible for merit time
credit, and the Parole Board will take longer to consider their case.

PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
Senate: Passed Senate Committee on Crime Victims, Crime and Correction
in 2010; Referred to Senate Codes Committee
2011-2012: S.338 Died in Committee

FISCAL IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:
The bill will result in savings to the state because the early release
of inmates who earn merit time will result in a continued decline in
the prison population.

EFFECTIVE DATE:
90th day after becoming law.

2013-S1377 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                            
                    S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________

                                  1377

                       2013-2014 Regular Sessions

                            I N  S E N A T E

                               (PREFILED)

                             January 9, 2013
                               ___________

Introduced by Sens. MONTGOMERY, DILAN -- read twice and ordered printed,
  and  when  printed  to be committed to the Committee on Crime Victims,
  Crime and Correction

AN ACT to amend the correction law, chapter 738  of  the  laws  of  2004
  amending  the  correction  law  and  other laws relating to controlled
  substances and indeterminate sentences, the executive law, in relation
  to merit time, and to repeal  section  803-b  of  the  correction  law
  relating to limited credit time allowances

  THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section 1. Subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iv) of paragraph (d) of subdi-
vision 1 of section 803 of the correction law, as added by section 7  of
chapter 738 of the laws of 2004, are amended to read as follows:
  (i)  Except  as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, every
person under the custody of the department or confined in a facility  in
the  department  of  mental hygiene serving an indeterminate sentence of
imprisonment with a minimum period of one year or more or a  determinate
sentence  of  imprisonment  of  one  year  or  more [imposed pursuant to
section 70.70 or 70.71 of the penal law,] may earn a merit  time  allow-
ance.
  (ii)  Such  merit  time allowance shall not be available to any person
serving [an indeterminate] A sentence  [authorized  for  an  A-I  felony
offense, other than an A-I felony offense defined in article two hundred
twenty  of  the  penal law, or any sentence imposed for a violent felony
offense as defined in section 70.02 of the penal  law,  manslaughter  in
the  second degree, vehicular manslaughter in the second degree, vehicu-
lar manslaughter in the first degree,  criminally  negligent  homicide,]
IMPOSED  FOR  MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE AS DEFINED IN SECTION 125.27 OF
THE PENAL LAW, an offense defined in article one hundred thirty  of  the
penal  law,  incest,  [or]  an  offense  defined  in article two hundred

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                           LBD03910-01-3

S. 1377                             2

sixty-three of the penal law, [or] AN ACT OF  TERRORISM  AS  DEFINED  IN
ARTICLE  FOUR  HUNDRED NINETY OF THE PENAL LAW, aggravated harassment of
an employee by an inmate, OR AN ATTEMPT OR CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT ANY SUCH
OFFENSE.
  (iv)  Such merit time allowance may be granted when an inmate success-
fully participates in the work and treatment program  assigned  pursuant
to  section  eight  hundred  five  of  this article and when such inmate
[obtains a] ACHIEVES ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:   (1) COMPLETES  HIS  OR  HER
general  equivalency  diploma,  HIS  OR  HER EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS AS
DETERMINED BY THE  DEPARTMENT  OR  SATISFACTORILY  COMPLETES  COURSEWORK
SPONSORED  BY  AN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING REPRESENTING A SEMESTER
OF ACADEMIC TRAINING; (2)  COMPLETES  an  alcohol  and  substance  abuse
treatment  [certificate,  a  vocational  trade  certificate following at
least six months of vocational  programming  or  performs]  PROGRAM,  OR
COMPLETES  A COMPARABLE PROGRAM OF A DIFFERENT TYPE AS DETERMINED BY THE
DEPARTMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT  LIMITED  TO,  ANGER  MANAGEMENT,  FAMILY
VIOLENCE, OR PARENTING; (3) COMPLETES A VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM OR A
COMPARABLE  AND EQUIVALENT TRAINING PROGRAM AS DETERMINED BY THE DEPART-
MENT; (4) PERFORMS SATISFACTORILY FOR AT LEAST SIX MONTHS IN  A  SKILLED
JOB ASSIGNMENT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, INMATE PROGRAM AIDE (IPA),
LAW  LIBRARY  CLERK, MEDICAL/INFIRMARY AIDE, CHILDREN'S CENTER AIDE, AND
FOOD SERVICE WORKER; OR (5) COMPLETES at least  four  hundred  hours  of
service as part of a community work crew.
  Such  allowance shall be withheld for any serious disciplinary infrac-
tion or upon a judicial determination that the person, while an  inmate,
commenced  or  continued  a  civil  action, proceeding or claim that was
found to be frivolous as defined in subdivision  (c)  of  section  eight
thousand  three  hundred three-a of the civil practice law and rules, or
an order of a federal court pursuant to rule 11 of the federal rules  of
civil  procedure  imposing sanctions in an action commenced by a person,
while an inmate, against a state agency, officer or employee.
  S 2. Subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iv) of paragraph (d) of  subdivision
1  of  section  803  of  the correction law, as added by section 10-a of
chapter 738 of the laws of 2004, are amended to read as follows:
  (i) Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this  paragraph,  every
person  under the custody of the department or confined in a facility in
the department of mental hygiene serving an  indeterminate  sentence  of
imprisonment  with a minimum period of one year or more or a determinate
sentence of imprisonment of  one  year  or  more  [imposed  pursuant  to
section  70.70  or 70.71 of the penal law,] may earn a merit time allow-
ance.
  (ii) Such merit time allowance shall not be available  to  any  person
serving  [an  indeterminate]  A  sentence  [authorized for an A-I felony
offense, other than an A-I felony offense defined in article two hundred
twenty of the penal law, or any sentence imposed for  a  violent  felony
offense  as  defined  in section 70.02 of the penal law, manslaughter in
the second degree, vehicular manslaughter in the second degree,  vehicu-
lar  manslaughter  in  the first degree, criminally negligent homicide,]
IMPOSED FOR MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE AS DEFINED IN SECTION  125.27  OF
THE  PENAL  LAW, an offense defined in article one hundred thirty of the
penal law, incest, [or]  an  offense  defined  in  article  two  hundred
sixty-three  of  the  penal  law, [or] AN ACT OF TERRORISM AS DEFINED IN
ARTICLE FOUR HUNDRED NINETY OF THE PENAL LAW, aggravated  harassment  of
an employee by an inmate, OR AN ATTEMPT OR CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT ANY SUCH
OFFENSE.

S. 1377                             3

  (iv)  Such merit time allowance may be granted when an inmate success-
fully participates in the work and treatment program  assigned  pursuant
to  section  eight  hundred  five  of  this article and when such inmate
[obtains a] ACHIEVES ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:  (1)  COMPLETES  HIS  OR  HER
general  equivalency  diploma,  HIS  OR  HER EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS AS
DETERMINED BY THE  DEPARTMENT  OR  SATISFACTORILY  COMPLETES  COURSEWORK
SPONSORED  BY  AN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING REPRESENTING A SEMESTER
OF ACADEMIC TRAINING; (2)  COMPLETES  an  alcohol  and  substance  abuse
treatment  [certificate,  a  vocational  trade  certificate following at
least six months of vocational  programming  or  performs]  PROGRAM,  OR
COMPLETES  A COMPARABLE PROGRAM OF A DIFFERENT TYPE AS DETERMINED BY THE
DEPARTMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT  LIMITED  TO,  ANGER  MANAGEMENT,  FAMILY
VIOLENCE, OR PARENTING; (3) COMPLETES A VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM OR A
COMPARABLE  AND EQUIVALENT TRAINING PROGRAM AS DETERMINED BY THE DEPART-
MENT; (4) PERFORMS SATISFACTORILY FOR AT LEAST SIX MONTHS IN  A  SKILLED
JOB ASSIGNMENT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, INMATE PROGRAM AIDE (IPA),
LAW  LIBRARY  CLERK, MEDICAL/INFIRMARY AIDE, CHILDREN'S CENTER AIDE, AND
FOOD SERVICE WORKER; OR (5) COMPLETES at least  four  hundred  hours  of
service as part of a community work crew.
  Such  allowance shall be withheld for any serious disciplinary infrac-
tion or upon a judicial determination that the person, while an  inmate,
commenced  or  continued  a  civil  action, proceeding or claim that was
found to be frivolous as defined in subdivision  (c)  of  section  eight
thousand  three  hundred three-a of the civil practice law and rules, or
an order of a federal court pursuant to rule 11 of the federal rules  of
civil  procedure  imposing sanctions in an action commenced by a person,
while an inmate, against a state agency, officer or employee.
  S 3. Subparagraph (v) of paragraph (d) of subdivision 1 of section 803
of the correction law, as added by section 7 of chapter 738 of the  laws
of 2004, is amended to read as follows:
  (v) The provisions of this paragraph shall apply to persons in custody
serving  an  indeterminate  sentence on the effective date of this para-
graph as well as to persons sentenced to an  indeterminate  sentence  on
and  after  the  effective date of this paragraph and prior to September
first, two thousand five and  to  persons  sentenced  to  a  determinate
sentence [prior to September first, two thousand eleven] for a felony as
defined  in  article two hundred twenty or two hundred twenty-one of the
penal law.
  S 4. Subparagraph (v) of paragraph (d) of subdivision 1 of section 803
of the correction law, as added by section 10-a of chapter  738  of  the
laws of 2004, is amended to read as follows:
  (v) The provisions of this paragraph shall apply to persons in custody
serving  an  indeterminate  sentence on the effective date of this para-
graph as well as to persons sentenced to an  indeterminate  sentence  on
and  after  the  effective date of this paragraph and prior to September
first, two thousand five and  to  persons  sentenced  to  a  determinate
sentence [prior to September first, two thousand eleven] for a felony as
defined  in  article two hundred twenty or two hundred twenty-one of the
penal law.
  S 5. Paragraph (g) of subdivision 2-a of section 803 of the correction
law, as added by section 9 of chapter  738  of  the  laws  of  2004,  is
amended to read as follows:
  (g)  The  provisions  of  this  subdivision  shall apply to persons in
custody serving an indeterminate sentence on the effective date of  this
subdivision as well as to persons sentenced to an indeterminate sentence
on and after the effective date of this subdivision and prior to Septem-

S. 1377                             4

ber  first,  two thousand five and to persons sentenced to a determinate
sentence [prior to September first, two thousand eleven] for a felony as
defined in article two hundred twenty or two hundred twenty-one  of  the
penal law.
  S 6. Paragraph (g) of subdivision 2-a of section 803 of the correction
law,  as  added  by  section  11  of chapter 738 of the laws of 2004, is
amended to read as follows:
  (g) The provisions of this  subdivision  shall  apply  to  persons  in
custody  serving an indeterminate sentence on the effective date of this
subdivision as well as to persons sentenced to an indeterminate sentence
on and after the effective date of this subdivision and prior to Septem-
ber first, two thousand five and to persons sentenced to  a  determinate
sentence [prior to September first, two thousand eleven] for a felony as
defined  in  article two hundred twenty or two hundred twenty-one of the
penal law.
  S 7. Section 803-b of the correction law is REPEALED.
  S 8. Subdivision (c-1) of section 41 of chapter 738  of  the  laws  of
2004  amending  the correction law and other laws relating to controlled
substances and indeterminate sentences is amended to read as follows:
  (c-1) the provisions of sections seven, eight, nine, ten and ten-a  of
this  act,  and subdivision 2-a of section 803 of the correction law, as
added by section eleven of this act shall apply to  persons  in  custody
serving  an  indeterminate  sentence  on  the  effective  date  of  such
provisions as well as to persons sentenced to an indeterminate  sentence
on  and after the effective date of such provisions and prior to Septem-
ber 1, 2005 and to persons sentenced to a determinate sentence [prior to
September 1, 2011] for a felony as defined in article 220 or 221 of  the
penal law;
  S  9. Clause (C) of subparagraph (i) of paragraph (e) of subdivision 1
of section 632-a of the executive law, as amended by section 24 of  part
A-1 of chapter 56 of the laws of 2010, is amended to read as follows:
  (C)  [an  offense for which a merit time allowance may not be received
against the sentence pursuant to paragraph (d)  of  subdivision  one  of
section  eight  hundred  three  of  the  correction  law]  AN A-I FELONY
OFFENSE, OTHER THAN AN A-I FELONY OFFENSE DEFINED IN ARTICLE TWO HUNDRED
TWENTY OF THE PENAL LAW, MANSLAUGHTER IN THE  SECOND  DEGREE,  VEHICULAR
MANSLAUGHTER  IN  THE SECOND DEGREE, VEHICULAR MANSLAUGHTER IN THE FIRST
DEGREE, CRIMINALLY NEGLIGENT HOMICIDE, AN OFFENSE DEFINED IN ARTICLE ONE
HUNDRED THIRTY OF THE PENAL LAW, INCEST, AN OFFENSE DEFINED  IN  ARTICLE
TWO  HUNDRED  SIXTY-THREE  OF THE PENAL LAW, AGGRAVATED HARASSMENT OF AN
EMPLOYEE BY AN INMATE;
  S 10. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after  it  shall
have  become a law and shall apply to: (i) persons in custody serving an
indeterminate or determinate sentence  or  sentences  on  the  effective
date; (ii) persons sentenced to an indeterminate or determinate sentence
or  sentences on or after the effective date; and (iii) persons who have
not completed service of an indeterminate  or  determinate  sentence  or
sentences  imposed  prior to the effective date; provided, however, that
the amendments to section 803 of the correction  law  made  by  sections
one,  three, and five of this act shall be subject to the expiration and
reversion of such section pursuant to subdivision d  of  section  74  of
chapter  3  of  the  laws  of  1995, as amended, when upon such date the
provisions of sections two, four and six of this act shall take effect.

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Senate Bill S1377

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