BILL NUMBER:S2049

TITLE OF BILL:  An act to amend the penal law, in relation to
standardize penalties associated with marihuana possession

PURPOSE:

To standardize criminal penalties for unlawful possession of
marihuana.

SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

This bill amends sections 221.05 and 221.10 of the penal law to
standardize penalties for unlawful possession of marihuana.

JUSTIFICATION:

In 1977, the Legislature made possession of small amounts of marihuana
a violation punishable by a fine, while possession in public view was
made a misdemeanor. The intent behind the law was clear. Chapter 360
of the Laws of 1977 reads: "The legislature finds that arrests,
criminal prosecutions and criminal penalties are inappropriate for
people who possess small quantities of marihuana for personal use.
Every year, this process needlessly scars thousands of lives and waste
millions of dollars in law enforcement resources, while detracting
from the prosecution of serious crime."
              

According to data from the Division of Criminal Justice Services, in
2010, a total of 54,813 people were arrested for this offense in New
York - and fully 50,383 of these arrests took place in New York City.
One out of every seven arrests in New York City is for marijuana
possession, comprising 15 percent of all arrests in that city. From
1977 -1994, few people were arrested for 221.10. But from 1997 to
2010, the New Yolk City Police Department arrested and jailed more
than 525,000 people for this offense. Those arrested were charged with
the lowest level criminal offense - a misdemeanor-- and nearly every
person was handcuffed, placed in the back of a police car or van, and
taken to the local police station, where they were photographed,
fingerprinted, and then held, often for 24 hours or longer, in one of
city's jails.

Numerous studies and media stories demonstrate that many of those
arrested for marijuana in public view were improperly charged - they
possessed small amounts of marijuana in their pocket or bag, and thus
were subject to a violation and fine. Instead, they were arrested and
charged with possessing marijuana in public view, often after
following a police officer instruction to remove the marihuana from
their pocket or bag.(1)

Many of these arrests are the result a stop-and-frisk encounter and
contribute to stark racial disparities in the criminal justice system.
In 2009, for example, the NYPD stopped 574,304 individuals. Of those
who were the subject of a police stop that year, nearly ninety percent
were people of color; and nine of every ten persons stopped were
released without any further legal action taken against them. Of the
50,383 people arrested in New York City for marijuana possession in
public view, nearly eighty six percent were black andLatlno, and


nearly seventy percent were between the ages of 16 - 29 even though
U.S. Government surveys of high school seniors show that whites use
marijuana at higher rates than blacks and Latinos.(2)

These arrests are extremely costly. According to research by Queens
College professor Dr. Harry Levine, the cost of each arrest is between
$1,000 and 52,000 - thus New York City spent between $50 - $100
million on marijuana possession arrests in 2010 alone.

In a March 2011 New York City Public Safety Committee hearing, New
York City council Member Melissa Mark Viverito asked NYPD Commissioner
Ray Kelly about these arrests likely resulting from improper searchers
or mischarging practices. The Commissioner replied, "If you think the
law is not written correctly, then you should petition the state
Legislature to change it."

A legislative remedy is needed to standardize penalties associated
with marijuana possession, in order to end the existing practices
which "needlessly scars thousands of lives and waste millions of
dollars in law enforcement resources, while detracting from the
prosecution of serious crime."

This legislation will make unlawful possession of small amounts of
marijuana a violation punishable by a fine.

PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

New Bill.

FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

None.

EFFECTIVE DATE:

This act shall take effect immediately.

FOOTNOTES:

(1) Harry. Levine and Deborah Peterson Small, Marijuana Arrest
Crusade. Racial Bias and Police Policy in New York Gay, 1997 -2007,

(New York: New York Civil Liberties union, 2008)

(2) U.S. Department of Health and Human Service, Office of Applied
Studies. Table 1.34a marijuana use in lifetime, past year, and past
month among persons aged 12 to 17, by demographic characteristics.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002 and 2003