A. 5827 2
Thereafter, their respective successors shall be appointed for terms of
four years. The member representing local government shall be appointed
for a term of four years, so long as such member shall remain a duly
elected officer of a local government. The committee shall hold no less
than two meetings annually, but may meet at any time. The members of the
committee shall be entitled to reimbursement for actual expenses
incurred in the discharge of their duties.
(b) The committee shall:
i. furnish to any agency advisory guidelines, opinions or other appro-
priate information regarding this article;
ii. furnish to any person advisory opinions or other appropriate
information regarding this article;
iii. promulgate rules and regulations with respect to the implementa-
tion of subdivision one and paragraph (c) of subdivision three of
section eighty-seven of this article;
iv. request from any agency such assistance, services and information
as will enable the committee to effectively carry out its powers and
duties;
v. develop a form, which shall be made available on the internet, that
may be used by the public to request a record; and
vi. report on its activities and findings regarding this article and
article seven of this chapter, including recommendations for changes in
the law, to the governor and the legislature annually, on or before
December fifteenth.] THERE IS ESTABLISHED WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
A FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND OPEN MEETINGS COMMISSION, HEREAFTER
REFERRED TO AS THE "COMMISSION", WHICH SHALL HAVE AND EXERCISE THE
POWERS AND DUTIES SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION.
I. THE COMMISSION SHALL CONSIST OF THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR OR THE
DELEGATE OF SUCH OFFICER, THE SECRETARY OF STATE OR THE DELEGATE OF SUCH
OFFICER, WHOSE OFFICE SHALL ACT AS SECRETARIAT FOR THE COMMISSION, THE
COMMISSIONER OF THE OFFICE OF GENERAL SERVICES OR THE DELEGATE OF SUCH
OFFICER, THE DIRECTOR OF THE BUDGET OR THE DELEGATE OF SUCH OFFICER, AND
SEVEN OTHER PERSONS, NONE OF WHOM SHALL HOLD ANY OTHER STATE OR LOCAL
PUBLIC OFFICE EXCEPT THE REPRESENTATIVE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AS SET
FORTH HEREIN, TO BE APPOINTED AS FOLLOWS: FIVE BY THE GOVERNOR, AT LEAST
THREE OF WHOM ARE OR HAVE BEEN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE NEWS MEDIA, ONE OF
WHOM SHALL BE A REPRESENTATIVE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT WHO, AT THE TIME OF
APPOINTMENT, IS SERVING AS A DULY ELECTED OFFICER OF A LOCAL GOVERNMENT,
ONE BY THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE, AND ONE BY THE SPEAKER OF
THE ASSEMBLY. THE PERSONS APPOINTED BY THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE
SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY SHALL BE APPOINTED TO SERVE,
RESPECTIVELY, UNTIL THE EXPIRATION OF THE TERMS OF OFFICE OF THE TEMPO-
RARY PRESIDENT AND THE SPEAKER TO WHICH THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT AND
SPEAKER WERE ELECTED. THE PERSONS APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR SHALL BE
APPOINTED TO SERVE FOR TERMS OF FOUR YEARS. THE MEMBER REPRESENTING
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHALL BE APPOINTED FOR A TERM OF FOUR YEARS, SO LONG AS
SUCH MEMBER SHALL REMAIN A DULY ELECTED OFFICER OF A LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
ANY VACANCY OCCURRING ON THE COMMISSION SHALL BE FILLED WITHIN THIRTY
DAYS BY THE APPOINTING AUTHORITY. ANY MEMBER CHOSEN TO FILL A VACANCY
CREATED OTHER THAN BY AN EXPIRATION OF TERM SHALL BE APPOINTED FOR THE
UNEXPIRED TERM OF THE MEMBER HE OR SHE IS TO SUCCEED. THE COMMISSION
SHALL HOLD NO LESS THAN TWO MEETINGS ANNUALLY, BUT MAY MEET AT ANY TIME.
THE CHAIRMAN OR ANY SEVEN MEMBERS MAY CALL A MEETING.
II. EACH MEMBER SHALL RECEIVE TWO HUNDRED DOLLARS PER DAY FOR EACH DAY
SUCH MEMBER IS PRESENT AT A COMMISSION HEARING OR MEETING, AND SHALL BE
A. 5827 3
ENTITLED TO REIMBURSEMENT FOR ACTUAL AND NECESSARY EXPENSES INCURRED IN
CONNECTION THEREWITH.
III. THE COMMISSION SHALL SELECT ONE OF ITS MEMBERS AS A CHAIRMAN, AND
SHALL MAINTAIN A PERMANENT OFFICE IN ALBANY IN SUCH SUITABLE SPACE AS
THE COMMISSIONER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE PROVIDES. ALL PAPERS
REQUIRED TO BE FILED WITH OR SERVED UPON THE COMMISSION SHALL BE DELIV-
ERED TO SUCH OFFICE.
IV. THE COMMISSION SHALL, SUBJECT TO THE CIVIL SERVICE LAW, EMPLOY
SUCH EMPLOYEES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
SECTION. THE COMMISSION MAY ENTER INTO SUCH CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENTS AS
MAY BE NECESSARY FOR THE DISCHARGE OF ITS DUTIES, WITHIN THE LIMITS OF
ITS APPROPRIATED FUNDS AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH ESTABLISHED PROCEDURES.
V. THE COMMISSION SHALL:
(A) FURNISH TO ANY AGENCY ADVISORY GUIDELINES, OPINIONS OR OTHER
APPROPRIATE INFORMATION REGARDING THIS ARTICLE;
(B) FURNISH TO ANY PERSON ADVISORY OPINIONS OR OTHER APPROPRIATE
INFORMATION REGARDING THIS ARTICLE;
(C) PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPLEMENTA-
TION OF SUBDIVISION ONE AND PARAGRAPH (C) OF SUBDIVISION THREE OF
SECTION EIGHTY-SEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE;
(D) REQUEST FROM ANY AGENCY SUCH ASSISTANCE, SERVICES AND INFORMATION
AS WILL ENABLE THE COMMISSION TO EFFECTIVELY CARRY OUT ITS POWERS AND
DUTIES;
(E) DEVELOP A FORM, WHICH SHALL BE MADE AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET,
THAT MAY BE USED BY THE PUBLIC TO REQUEST A RECORD; AND
(F) REPORT ON ITS ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS REGARDING THIS ARTICLE AND
ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER, INCLUDING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHANGES IN
THE LAW, TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE LEGISLATURE ANNUALLY, ON OR BEFORE
DECEMBER FIFTEENTH.
(B) I. ANY PERSON DENIED THE RIGHT TO INSPECT OR COPY RECORDS, DENIED
THE RIGHT TO ATTEND ANY MEETING OF A PUBLIC AGENCY OR DENIED ANY OTHER
RIGHT CONFERRED BY THIS ARTICLE AND ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER MAY
APPEAL THEREFROM TO THE COMMISSION BY FILING A NOTICE OF APPEAL WITH THE
COMMISSION. A NOTICE OF APPEAL SHALL BE FILED NOT LATER THAN THIRTY DAYS
AFTER SUCH DENIAL, EXCEPT IN THE CASE OF AN UNNOTICED OR SECRET MEETING,
IN WHICH CASE THE APPEAL SHALL BE FILED NOT LATER THAN THIRTY DAYS AFTER
THE PERSON FILING THE APPEAL RECEIVES NOTICE IN FACT THAT SUCH MEETING
WAS HELD. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS PARAGRAPH, SUCH NOTICE OF APPEAL SHALL BE
DEEMED TO BE FILED ON THE DATE IT IS RECEIVED BY SAID COMMISSION OR ON
THE DATE IT IS POSTMARKED, IF RECEIVED MORE THAN THIRTY DAYS AFTER THE
DATE OF THE DENIAL FROM WHICH SUCH APPEAL IS TAKEN.
II. UPON RECEIPT OF SUCH NOTICE, THE COMMISSION SHALL SERVE UPON ALL
PARTIES, BY CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, A COPY OF SUCH NOTICE TOGETHER
WITH ANY OTHER NOTICE OR ORDER OF SUCH COMMISSION. IN THE CASE OF THE
DENIAL OF A REQUEST TO INSPECT OR COPY RECORDS CONTAINED IN A PUBLIC
EMPLOYEE'S PERSONNEL OR MEDICAL FILE, THE COMMISSION SHALL INCLUDE WITH
ITS NOTICE OR ORDER AN ORDER REQUIRING THE PUBLIC AGENCY TO NOTIFY ANY
EMPLOYEE WHOSE RECORDS ARE SUBJECT OF AN APPEAL, AND THE EMPLOYEE'S
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING REPRESENTATIVE, IF ANY, OF THE COMMISSION'S
PROCEEDINGS AND, IF ANY SUCH EMPLOYEE OR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING REPRESEN-
TATIVE HAS FILED AN OBJECTION, THE AGENCY SHALL PROVIDE THE REQUIRED
NOTICE TO SUCH EMPLOYEE AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING REPRESENTATIVE BY
CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED OR BY HAND DELIVERY WITH A
SIGNED RECEIPT. A PUBLIC EMPLOYEE WHOSE PERSONNEL OR MEDICAL FILE IS THE
SUBJECT OF AN APPEAL MAY INTERVENE AS A PARTY IN THE PROCEEDINGS ON THE
MATTER BEFORE THE COMMISSION.
A. 5827 4
(C) I. THE COMMISSION SHALL, AFTER DUE NOTICE TO THE PARTIES AND
SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE AND ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS
CHAPTER, PROMPTLY REVIEW THE ALLEGED VIOLATION OF SAID ARTICLES. THE
COMMISSION SHALL HAVE THE POWER TO INVESTIGATE ALL ALLEGED VIOLATIONS OF
THIS ARTICLE AND ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER AND MAY FOR THE PURPOSE
OF INVESTIGATING ANY VIOLATION HOLD A HEARING, ADMINISTER OATHS, EXAMINE
WITNESSES, RECEIVE ORAL AND DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE, HAVE THE POWER TO
SUBPOENA WITNESSES UNDER PROCEDURAL RULES ADOPTED BY THE COMMISSION TO
COMPEL ATTENDANCE AND TO REQUIRE THE PRODUCTION FOR EXAMINATION OF ANY
BOOKS AND PAPERS WHICH THE COMMISSION DEEMS RELEVANT IN ANY MATTER UNDER
INVESTIGATION OR IN QUESTION. IN CASE OF A REFUSAL TO COMPLY WITH ANY
SUCH SUBPOENA OR TO TESTIFY WITH RESPECT TO ANY MATTER UPON WHICH THAT
PERSON MAY BE LAWFULLY INTERROGATED, A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION,
ON APPLICATION OF THE COMMISSION, MAY ISSUE AN ORDER REQUIRING SUCH
PERSON TO COMPLY WITH SUCH SUBPOENA AND TO TESTIFY; FAILURE TO OBEY ANY
SUCH ORDER OF THE COURT MAY BE PUNISHED BY THE COURT AS A CONTEMPT THER-
EOF.
II. THE COMMISSION SHALL HEAR AND DECIDE EACH APPEAL WITHIN ONE YEAR
AFTER THE FILING OF THE NOTICE OF APPEAL. THE COMMISSION SHALL ADOPT
REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING CRITERIA FOR THOSE APPEALS WHICH SHALL BE PRIV-
ILEGED IN THEIR ASSIGNMENT FOR HEARING. ANY SUCH PRIVILEGED APPEAL SHALL
BE HEARD NOT LATER THAN THIRTY DAYS AFTER RECEIPT OF A NOTICE OF APPEAL
AND DECIDED NOT LATER THAN SIXTY DAYS AFTER A HEARING.
III. IF A NOTICE OF APPEAL CONCERNS AN ANNOUNCED AGENCY DECISION TO
MEET IN EXECUTIVE SESSION OR AN ONGOING AGENCY PRACTICE OF MEETING IN
EXECUTIVE SESSIONS, FOR A STATED PURPOSE, THE COMMISSION OR A MEMBER OR
MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION DESIGNATED BY ITS CHAIRPERSON SHALL SERVE
NOTICE UPON THE PARTIES AND HOLD A PRELIMINARY HEARING ON THE APPEAL NOT
LATER THAN SEVENTY-TWO HOURS AFTER RECEIPT OF THE NOTICE, PROVIDED SUCH
NOTICE SHALL BE GIVEN TO THE PARTIES AT LEAST FORTY-EIGHT HOURS PRIOR TO
SUCH HEARING. DURING SUCH PRELIMINARY HEARING, THE COMMISSION SHALL TAKE
EVIDENCE AND RECEIVE TESTIMONY FROM THE PARTIES. IF AFTER THE PRELIMI-
NARY HEARING THE COMMISSION FINDS PROBABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE THAT THE
AGENCY DECISION OR PRACTICE IS IN VIOLATION OF ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS
CHAPTER, THE AGENCY SHALL NOT MEET IN EXECUTIVE SESSION FOR SUCH PURPOSE
UNTIL THE COMMISSION DECIDES THE APPEAL. IF PROBABLE CAUSE IS FOUND BY
THE COMMISSION, IT SHALL CONDUCT A FINAL HEARING ON THE APPEAL AND
RENDER ITS DECISION NOT LATER THAN FIVE DAYS AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE
PRELIMINARY HEARING. SUCH DECISION SHALL SPECIFY THE COMMISSION'S FIND-
INGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW.
IV. THE COMMISSION, AT ITS DISCRETION, MAY ISSUE AN ORDER TO DISCON-
TINUE ALL WORK RESULTING FROM AN ALLEGED VIOLATION OF THIS ARTICLE AND
ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER IF IRREPARABLE HARM IS DEEMED TO POTEN-
TIALLY OCCUR. THIS ORDER WILL HOLD UNTIL A DECISION IS RENDERED BY THE
COMMISSION ON THE ALLEGED VIOLATION.
(D) I. IN ANY APPEAL TO THE COMMISSION, THE COMMISSION MAY CONFIRM THE
ACTION OF THE AGENCY OR ORDER THE AGENCY TO PROVIDE RELIEF THAT THE
COMMISSION, IN ITS DISCRETION, BELIEVES APPROPRIATE TO RECTIFY THE
DENIAL OF ANY RIGHT CONFERRED BY THIS ARTICLE AND ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS
CHAPTER. THE COMMISSION MAY DECLARE NULL AND VOID ANY ACTION TAKEN AT
ANY MEETING WHICH A PERSON WAS DENIED THE RIGHT TO ATTEND AND MAY
REQUIRE THE PRODUCTION OR COPYING OF ANY PUBLIC RECORD. IN ADDITION,
UPON FINDING THAT A DENIAL OF ANY RIGHT CREATED BY THIS ARTICLE AND
ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER WAS WITHOUT REASONABLE GROUNDS AND AFTER
THE CUSTODIAN OR OTHER OFFICIAL DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DENIAL HAS
BEEN GIVEN AN OPPORTUNITY TO BE HEARD AT A HEARING CONDUCTED IN ACCORD-
A. 5827 5
ANCE WITH ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER THE COMMISSION MAY, IN ITS
DISCRETION, IMPOSE AGAINST THE CUSTODIAN OR OTHER OFFICIAL A CIVIL
PENALTY OF NOT LESS THAN TWENTY DOLLARS NOR MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND
DOLLARS.
II. IF THE COMMISSION FINDS THAT A PERSON HAS TAKEN AN APPEAL FRIVO-
LOUSLY, WITHOUT REASONABLE GROUNDS, AFTER SUCH PERSON HAS BEEN GIVEN AN
OPPORTUNITY TO BE HEARD AT A HEARING CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTI-
CLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER, THE COMMISSION MAY, IN ITS DISCRETION, IMPOSE
AGAINST THAT PERSON A CIVIL PENALTY OF NOT LESS THAN TWENTY DOLLARS NOR
MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS.
III. THE COMMISSION SHALL NOTIFY A PERSON OF A PENALTY LEVIED AGAINST
HIM PURSUANT TO THIS SUBDIVISION BY WRITTEN NOTICE SENT BY CERTIFIED OR
REGISTERED MAIL. IF A PERSON FAILS TO PAY THE PENALTY WITHIN THIRTY DAYS
OF RECEIVING SUCH NOTICE, A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION SHALL, ON
APPLICATION OF THE COMMISSION, ISSUE AN ORDER REQUIRING THE PERSON TO
PAY THE PENALTY IMPOSED.
IV. IF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMISSION HAS REASON TO BELIEVE AN APPEAL
PRESENTS A CLAIM BEYOND THE COMMISSION'S JURISDICTION; WOULD PERPETRATE
AN INJUSTICE; OR WOULD CONSTITUTE AN ABUSE OF THE COMMISSION'S ADMINIS-
TRATIVE PROCESS, THE CHAIRMAN SHALL NOT SCHEDULE THE APPEAL FOR A HEAR-
ING WITHOUT FIRST SEEKING AND OBTAINING LEAVE OF THE COMMISSION.
V. THE COMMISSION SHALL PROVIDE DUE NOTICE TO THE PARTIES AND REVIEW
AFFIDAVITS AND WRITTEN ARGUMENTS THAT THE PARTIES MAY SUBMIT AND GRANT
OR DENY SUCH LEAVE SUMMARILY AT ITS NEXT REGULAR MEETING. THE COMMISSION
SHALL GRANT SUCH LEAVE UNLESS IT FINDS THAT THE APPEAL: (A) DOES NOT
PRESENT A CLAIM WITHIN THE COMMISSION'S JURISDICTION; (B) WOULD PERPE-
TRATE AN INJUSTICE; OR (C) WOULD CONSTITUTE AN ABUSE OF THE COMMISSION'S
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS. ANY PARTY AGGRIEVED BY THE COMMISSION'S DENIAL
OF SUCH LEAVE MAY APPLY TO A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION, WITHIN
FIFTEEN DAYS OF THE COMMISSION MEETING AT WHICH SUCH LEAVE WAS DENIED,
FOR AN ORDER REQUIRING THE COMMISSION TO HEAR SUCH APPEAL.
VI. IN MAKING THE FINDINGS AND DETERMINATION, THE COMMISSION SHALL
CONSIDER THE NATURE OF ANY JUSTICE OR ABUSE OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO: (A) THE NATURE, CONTENT, LANGUAGE OR
SUBJECT MATTER OF THE REQUEST OR THE APPEAL; (B) THE NATURE, CONTENT,
LANGUAGE OR SUBJECT MATTER TO PRIOR OR CONTEMPORANEOUS REQUESTS OR
APPEALS BY THE PERSON MAKING THE REQUEST OR TAKING THE APPEAL; AND (C)
THE NATURE, CONTENT, LANGUAGE OR SUBJECT MATTER OF OTHER VERBAL AND
WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS TO ANY AGENCY OR ANY OFFICIAL OF ANY AGENCY FROM
THE PERSON MAKING THE REQUEST OR TAKING THE APPEAL.
VII. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PROVISION OF THIS SECTION TO THE CONTRARY, IN
THE CASE OF AN APPEAL TO THE COMMISSION OF A DENIAL BY A PUBLIC AGENCY,
THE COMMISSION MAY, UPON MOTION OF SUCH AGENCY, CONFIRM THE ACTION OF
THE AGENCY AND DISMISS THE APPEAL WITHOUT A HEARING IF IT FINDS, AFTER
EXAMINING THE NOTICE OF APPEAL AND CONSTRUING ALL ALLEGATIONS MOST
FAVORABLY TO THE APPELLANT, THAT (A) THE AGENCY HAS NOT VIOLATED THIS
ARTICLE AND ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER OR (B) THE AGENCY HAS COMMIT-
TED A TECHNICAL VIOLATION THAT CONSTITUTES A HARMLESS ERROR THAT DOES
NOT INFRINGE THE APPELLANT'S RIGHTS.
(E) I. IF IN THE JUDGMENT OF THE COMMISSION CIRCUMSTANCES SO WARRANT,
IT MAY AT ANY TIME AFTER THE FILING OF A NOTICE OF APPEAL ENDEAVOR TO
RESOLVE THE APPEAL BY ANY METHOD OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION PRESCRIBED BY
RULE OF THE COMMISSION INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, MEDIATION.
II. THE TERMS OF ANY MEDIATION AGREEMENT MAY CONTAIN SUCH PROVISIONS
AS MAY BE AGREED UPON BY THE COMMISSION, THE APPELLANT AND THE RESPOND-
ENT.
A. 5827 6
III. THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION AND ITS STAFF SHALL NOT PUBLICLY
DISCLOSE WHAT TRANSPIRED IN THE COURSE OF MEDIATION EFFORTS.
IV. IF A MEDIATION AGREEMENT IS ENTERED INTO, THE COMMISSION SHALL
EMBODY SUCH AGREEMENT IN AN ORDER AND SERVE A COPY OF SUCH ORDER UPON
ALL PARTIES TO THE AGREEMENT. VIOLATION OF SUCH AN ORDER MAY CAUSE THE
IMPOSITION OF CIVIL PENALTIES.
(F) ANY PARTY AGGRIEVED BY THE DECISION OF SAID COMMISSION MAY APPEAL
TO THE JUDICIARY THEREFROM, THE COURT MAY CONDUCT AN IN CAMERA REVIEW OF
THE ORIGINAL OR A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE RECORDS WHICH ARE AT ISSUE IN
THE APPEAL BUT WERE NOT INCLUDED IN THE RECORD OF THE COMMISSION'S
PROCEEDINGS, ADMIT THE RECORDS INTO EVIDENCE AND ORDER THE RECORDS TO BE
SEALED OR INSPECTED ON SUCH TERMS AS THE COURT DEEMS FAIR AND APPROPRI-
ATE, DURING THE APPEAL. THE COMMISSION SHALL HAVE STANDING TO DEFEND,
PROSECUTE OR OTHERWISE PARTICIPATE IN ANY APPEAL OF ANY OF ITS DECISIONS
AND TO TAKE AN APPEAL FROM ANY JUDICIAL DECISION OVERTURNING OR MODIFY-
ING A DECISION OF THE COMMISSION. IF AGGRIEVEMENT IS A JURISDICTIONAL
PREREQUISITE TO THE COMMISSION TAKING ANY SUCH APPEAL, THE COMMISSION
SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE AGGRIEVED. LEGAL COUNSEL EMPLOYED OR RETAINED BY
SAID COMMISSION SHALL REPRESENT SAID COMMISSION IN ALL SUCH APPEALS AND
IN ANY OTHER LITIGATION AFFECTING SAID COMMISSION. ANY APPEAL TAKEN
PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE PRIVILEGED IN RESPECT TO ITS ASSIGN-
MENT FOR TRIAL OVER ALL OTHER ACTIONS EXCEPT WRITS OF HABEAS CORPUS AND
ACTIONS BROUGHT BY OR ON BEHALF OF THE STATE, INCLUDING INFORMATION ON
THE RELATION OF PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS. IF THE COURT FINDS THAT ANY APPEAL
TAKEN PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IS FRIVOLOUS OR TAKEN SOLELY FOR THE
PURPOSE OF DELAY, IT SHALL ORDER THE PARTY RESPONSIBLE THEREFOR TO PAY
TO THE PARTY INJURED BY SUCH FRIVOLOUS OR DILATORY APPEAL COSTS OR
ATTORNEY'S FEES OF NOT MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS. SUCH ORDER SHALL
BE IN ADDITION TO ANY OTHER REMEDY OR DISCIPLINARY ACTION REQUIRED OR
PERMITTED BY STATUTE OR BY RULES OF COURT.
S 3. Paragraphs (b) of subdivision 3 and subdivision 4 of section 89
of the public officers law, paragraph (b) of subdivision 3 as amended by
chapter 223 of the laws of 2008 and subdivision 4 as amended by chapter
22 of the laws of 2005 and paragraph (c) of subdivision 4 as amended by
chapter 492 of the laws of 2006, are amended to read as follows:
(b) All entities shall, provided such entity has reasonable means
available, accept requests for records submitted in the form of elec-
tronic mail and shall respond to such requests by electronic mail, using
forms, to the extent practicable, consistent with the form or forms
developed by the [committee on open government] FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
AND OPEN MEETINGS COMMISSION pursuant to subdivision one of this section
and provided that the written requests do not seek a response in some
other form.
4. (a) Except as provided in subdivision five of this section, any
person denied access to a record may within thirty days appeal in writ-
ing such denial to the head, chief executive or governing body of the
entity, or the person therefor designated by such head, chief executive,
or governing body, who shall within ten business days of the receipt of
such appeal fully explain in writing to the person requesting the record
the reasons for further denial, or provide access to the record sought.
In addition, each agency shall immediately forward to the [committee on
open government] FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND OPEN MEETINGS COMMISSION a
copy of such appeal when received by the agency and the ensuing determi-
nation thereon. Failure by an agency to conform to the provisions of
subdivision three of this section shall constitute a denial.
A. 5827 7
(b) Except as provided in subdivision five of this section, a person
denied access to a record in an appeal determination under the
provisions of paragraph (a) of this subdivision may [bring a proceeding
for review of such denial pursuant to article seventy-eight of the civil
practice law and rules. In the event that access to any record is denied
pursuant to the provisions of subdivision two of section eighty-seven of
this article, the agency involved shall have the burden of proving that
such record falls within the provisions of such subdivision two. Failure
by an agency to conform to the provisions of paragraph (a) of this
subdivision shall constitute a denial.
(c) The court in such a proceeding may assess, against such agency
involved, reasonable attorney's fees and other litigation costs reason-
ably incurred by such person in any case under the provisions of this
section in which such person has substantially prevailed, when:
i. the agency had no reasonable basis for denying access; or
ii. the agency failed to respond to a request or appeal within the
statutory time] APPEAL TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND OPEN MEETINGS
COMMISSION PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION.
S 4. Section 107 of the public officers law, as added by chapter 511
of the laws of 1976, subdivision 1 as amended by chapter 44 of the laws
of 2010 and subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 397 of the laws of 2008
and such section as renumbered by chapter 652 of the laws of 1983, is
amended to read as follows:
S 107. Enforcement. [1.] Any aggrieved person shall have standing to
enforce the provisions of this article against a public body by the
commencement of [a proceeding pursuant to article seventy-eight of the
civil practice law and rules, or an action for declaratory judgment and
injunctive relief. In any such action or proceeding, if a court deter-
mines that a public body failed to comply with this article, the court
shall have the power, in its discretion, upon good cause shown, to
declare that the public body violated this article and/or declare the
action taken in relation to such violation void, in whole or in part,
without prejudice to reconsideration in compliance with this article. If
the court determines that a public body has violated this article, the
court may require the members of the public body to participate in a
training session concerning the obligations imposed by this article
conducted by the staff of the committee on open government.
An unintentional failure to fully comply with the notice provisions
required by this article shall not alone be grounds for invalidating any
action taken at a meeting of a public body. The provisions of this arti-
cle shall not affect the validity of the authorization, acquisition,
execution or disposition of a bond issue or notes.
2. In any proceeding brought pursuant to this section, costs and
reasonable attorney fees may be awarded by the court, in its discretion,
to the successful party. If a court determines that a vote was taken in
material violation of this article, or that substantial deliberations
relating thereto occurred in private prior to such vote, the court shall
award costs and reasonable attorney's fees to the successful petitioner,
unless there was a reasonable basis for a public body to believe that a
closed session could properly have been held.
3. The statute of limitations in an article seventy-eight proceeding
with respect to an action taken at executive session shall commence to
run from the date the minutes of such executive session have been made
available to the public] AN APPEAL TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND
OPEN MEETINGS COMMISSION PURSUANT TO SECTION EIGHTY-NINE OF THIS
CHAPTER.
A. 5827 8
S 5. Section 109 of the public officers law, as amended by chapter 80
of the laws of 1983, such section as renumbered by chapter 652 of the
laws of 1983, is amended to read as follows:
S 109. [Committee on open government] FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND OPEN
MEETINGS COMMISSION. The [committee on open government] FREEDOM OF
INFORMATION AND OPEN MEETINGS COMMISSION, created by paragraph (a) of
subdivision one of section eighty-nine of this chapter, shall issue
advisory opinions from time to time as, in its discretion, may be
required to inform public bodies and persons of the interpretations of
the provisions of the open meetings law.
S 6. Paragraph (a) and the opening paragraph of paragraph (b) of
subdivision 1, paragraph (c) of subdivision 3, and paragraph (c) of
subdivision 4 of section 87 of the public officers law, paragraph (a)
and the opening paragraph of paragraph (b) of subdivision 1 as amended
by chapter 80 of the laws of 1983, paragraph (c) of subdivision 3 as
amended by chapter 499 of the laws of 2008, and paragraph (c) of subdi-
vision 4 as added by chapter 102 of the laws of 2007, are amended to
read as follows:
(a) Within sixty days after the effective date of this article, the
governing body of each public corporation shall promulgate uniform rules
and regulations for all agencies in such public corporation pursuant to
such general rules and regulations as may be promulgated by the [commit-
tee on open government] FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND OPEN MEETINGS COMMIS-
SION PURSUANT TO SECTION EIGHTY-NINE OF THIS ARTICLE in conformity with
the provisions of this article, pertaining to the administration of this
article.
Each agency shall promulgate rules and regulations, in conformity with
this article and applicable rules and regulations promulgated pursuant
to the provisions of paragraph (a) of this subdivision, and pursuant to
such general rules and regulations as may be promulgated by the [commit-
tee on open government] FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND OPEN MEETINGS COMMIS-
SION PURSUANT TO SECTION EIGHTY-NINE OF THIS ARTICLE in conformity with
the provisions of this article, pertaining to the availability of
records and procedures to be followed, including, but not limited to:
(c) a reasonably detailed current list by subject matter of all
records in the possession of the agency, whether or not available under
this article. Each agency shall update its subject matter list annually,
and the date of the most recent update shall be conspicuously indicated
on the list. Each state agency as defined in subdivision four of this
section that maintains a website shall post its current list on its
website and such posting shall be linked to the website of the [commit-
tee on open government] FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND OPEN MEETINGS COMMIS-
SION PURSUANT TO SECTION EIGHTY-NINE OF THIS ARTICLE. Any such agency
that does not maintain a website shall arrange to have its list posted
on the website of the [committee on open government] FREEDOM OF INFORMA-
TION AND OPEN MEETINGS COMMISSION PURSUANT TO SECTION EIGHTY-NINE OF
THIS ARTICLE.
(c) Each state agency that maintains a website shall post information
related to this article and article six-A of this chapter on its
website. Such information shall include, at a minimum, contact informa-
tion for the persons from whom records of the agency may be obtained,
the times and places such records are available for inspection and copy-
ing, and information on how to request records in person, by mail, and,
if the agency accepts requests for records electronically, by e-mail.
This posting shall be linked to the website of the [committee on open
A. 5827 9
government] FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND OPEN MEETINGS COMMISSION PURSUANT
TO SECTION EIGHTY-NINE OF THIS ARTICLE.
S 7. Subdivision 2 of section 92 of the public officers law, as added
by chapter 652 of the laws of 1983, is amended to read as follows:
(2) [Committee] COMMISSION. The term ["committee"] "COMMISSION" means
the [committee on open government] FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND OPEN MEET-
INGS COMMISSION as constituted pursuant to subdivision one of section
eighty-nine of this chapter.
S 8. Section 93 of the public officers law, as added by chapter 652 of
the laws of 1983, is amended to read as follows:
S 93. Powers and duties of the [committee] COMMISSION. (1) The
[committee] COMMISSION shall prepare a directory derived from the infor-
mation provided pursuant to section three of chapter six hundred seven-
ty-seven of the laws of nineteen hundred eighty and subdivision four of
section ninety-four of this article. The directory shall include the
name of each system of records subject to the provisions of this arti-
cle, the name and subdivision of the agency maintaining it, the title
and business address of the person responsible therefor, the approximate
number of data subjects and the categories of information collected, and
sufficient information for the identification of rules promulgated by
agencies pursuant to this article. Individuals shall be permitted to
purchase the directory for a reasonable price as set by the [committee]
COMMISSION in accordance with law.
(2) The [committee] COMMISSION may, upon request of a data subject
eligible to make a request under section ninety-five of this article,
investigate, make findings and furnish an advisory opinion in connection
with the requirements of section ninety-five of this article. Prior to
the issuance of an advisory opinion, the [committee] COMMISSION may
require an agency to provide additional information which the [commit-
tee] COMMISSION deems necessary to render an opinion. However, no system
of records exempt from the [provisons] PROVISIONS of section ninety-five
of this article shall be subject to the provisions of this subdivision.
(3) Within thirty business days of the receipt of a privacy impact
statement or supplemental statement by an agency the [committee] COMMIS-
SION shall review such statement to determine whether the maintenance of
the system is within the lawful authority of the agency and to determine
whether there have been established rules and procedures as required by
section ninety-four of this article. However, such review by the
[committee] COMMISSION shall not include examination of personal infor-
mation or records collected or maintained by such agency. After review
of such information the [committee] COMMISSION may notify the agency of
the result of its review. Such notification and result shall not consti-
tute an advisory opinion and shall not be reported as such by the
[committee] COMMISSION and there shall be no obligation upon the agency
to respond to such notification or result.
(4) The [committee] COMMISSION shall promulgate rules for the specifi-
cation of the form of the privacy impact statement. Such privacy impact
statement shall include the following:
(a) the name of the agency and the subdivision within the agency that
will maintain the system of records, and the name or title of the system
of records in which such information will be maintained;
(b) the title and business address of the official within the agency
responsible for the system of records;
(c) where applicable, the procedures by which a data subject may gain
access to personal information pertaining to such data subject in the
A. 5827 10
system of records and the procedures by which a data subject may seek to
amend or correct its contents;
(d) the categories and the approximate number of persons on whom
records will be maintained in the system of records;
(e) the categories of information which will be collected and main-
tained in the system of records;
(f) the purposes for which each category of information within the
system of records will be collected and maintained;
(g) the disclosures of personal information within the system of
records that the agency will regularly make for each category of infor-
mation, and the authority for such disclosures;
(h) the general or specific statutory authority for the collection,
maintenance and disclosure of each category of information within the
system of records;
(i) policies governing retention and timely disposal of information
within the system of records in accordance with law;
(j) each and every source for each category of information within the
system of records;
(k) a statement indicating whether the system of records will be main-
tained manually, by automated data system, or both.
(5) The [committee] COMMISSION shall report its activities and find-
ings, including recommendations for changes in the law, to the governor
and the legislature annually, on or before December fifteenth.
(6) In order to carry out the provisions of this article, the [commit-
tee] COMMISSION is authorized to:
(a) enter into contracts or other arrangements or modifications there-
of, with any government, any governmental unit, or any department of the
state, or with any individual, firm, association or corporation within
the amounts appropriated therefor and subject to the audit and warrant
of the state comptroller;
(b) delegate any of its functions to such officers and employees of
the [committee] COMMISSION as the [committee] COMMISSION may designate;
(c) establish model guidelines with respect to the implementation of
this article.
S 9. Subdivisions 4, 5 and 6 of section 94 of the public officers law,
as added by chapter 652 of the laws of 1983, are amended to read as
follows:
(4) (a) Any agency which established or substantially modified a
system of records after December fifteenth, nineteen hundred eighty, but
before the effective date of this article, or which did not report to
the [committee] COMMISSION a system of records which it maintained prior
to December fifteenth, nineteen hundred eighty, shall file notice with
the [committee] COMMISSION pursuant to chapter six hundred seventy-seven
of the laws of nineteen hundred eighty within thirty business days of
the effective date of this article.
(b) Any agency which seeks to establish a system of records subsequent
to the effective date of this article shall file with the [committee]
COMMISSION a privacy impact statement as prescribed by subdivision four
of section ninety-three of this article. Any agency which seeks to modi-
fy a system of records in a way which would render inaccurate any infor-
mation set forth in the privacy impact statement, in the notice
described in paragraph (a) of this subdivision or in the notice filed
pursuant to chapter six hundred seventy-seven of the laws of nineteen
hundred eighty, shall file with the [committee] COMMISSION a supple-
mental statement to conform the privacy impact statement or notice to
the proposed modification. Unless the date by which such proposed system
A. 5827 11
or modification is required by law to be instituted is less than thirty
business days from the date of the filing of the privacy impact state-
ment, no such proposed system or modification shall be instituted until
the completion of the procedures set forth in subdivision three of
section ninety-three of this article.
(5) Each agency shall, within fifteen business days of the receipt of
an advisory opinion issued by the [committee] COMMISSION, respond in
writing to the [committee] COMMISSION as to the following:
(a) the actions it has taken, or will take, to comply with the advi-
sory opinion; or
(b) the reasons for disagreement and noncompliance with the advisory
opinion.
(6) On or before the first day of September of each year, each agency
shall submit a report covering the preceding year to the [committee]
COMMISSION. The report shall include, with respect to requests for
access to records and with respect to requests for correction or amend-
ment of records pursuant to subdivisions one and two of section ninety-
five of this article, respectively, the following information:
(i) the number of determinations made to grant such requests; and
(ii) the number of determinations made to deny such requests, in whole
or in part, respectively.
S 10. Paragraph (d) of subdivision 1 and subdivision 3 of section 95
of the public officers law, paragraph (d) of subdivision 1 as added by
chapter 27 of the laws of 2009 and subdivision 3 as added by chapter 652
of the laws of 1983, are amended to read as follows:
(d) Each agency shall, provided such agency has reasonable means
available, accept requests for records submitted through electronic mail
and shall respond to such requests by electronic mail, using forms, to
the extent practicable, consistent with the form or forms developed by
the [committee on open government] COMMISSION, provided that the elec-
tronic mail requests do not seek a response in some other form.
(3) Any data subject whose request under subdivision one or two of
this section is denied in whole or in part may, within thirty business
days, appeal such denial in writing to the head, chief executive or
governing body of the agency, or the person designated as the reviewing
official by such head, chief executive or governing body. Such official
shall within seven business days of the receipt of an appeal concerning
denial of access, or within thirty business days of the receipt of an
appeal concerning denial of correction or amendment, either provide
access to or correction or amendment of the record sought and inform the
data subject that, upon his or her request, such correction or amendment
will be provided to any or all persons or governmental units to which
the record or personal information has been or is disclosed, pursuant to
paragraph (c) of subdivision three of section ninety-four of this arti-
cle, or fully explain in writing to the data subject the factual and
statutory reasons for further denial and inform the data subject of his
or her right to thereupon seek judicial review of the agency's determi-
nation under section ninety-seven of this article. Each agency shall
immediately forward to the [committee] COMMISSION a copy of such appeal,
the determination thereof and the reasons therefor.
S 11. Paragraph 2 of subdivision (d) of section 103 of the public
officers law, as added by chapter 43 of the laws of 2010, is amended to
read as follows:
2. A public body may adopt rules, consistent with recommendations from
the [committee on open government] FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND OPEN MEET-
INGS COMMISSION, reasonably governing the location of equipment and
A. 5827 12
personnel used to photograph, broadcast, webcast, or otherwise record a
meeting so as to conduct its proceedings in an orderly manner. Such
rules shall be conspicuously posted during meetings and written copies
shall be provided upon request to those in attendance.
S 12. This act shall take effect on the sixtieth day after it shall
have become a law.