[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD05907-02-7
S. 17 2
§ 581-102. PURPOSE. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO LEGALLY ESTAB-
LISH A CHILD'S RELATIONSHIP TO HIS OR HER PARENTS.
§ 581-103. DEFINITIONS. (A) "ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION" MEANS INSERTION
OF SPERM INTO FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS BY ANY MEANS OTHER THAN SEXUAL
INTERCOURSE, INCLUDING INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION, WITH THE INTENT TO
CAUSE A PREGNANCY.
(B) "ASSISTED REPRODUCTION" INCLUDES ALL FERTILITY TREATMENTS IN WHICH
BOTH EGGS AND SPERM ARE HANDLED. IN THE FOREGOING CONTEXT, THE TERM
INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION AND TRANSFER OF
EMBRYOS INCLUDING DONATED GAMETES OR DONATED EMBRYOS.
(C) "ART PROVIDER" MEANS ANY ENTITY WHICH ASSISTS WITH ASSISTED REPRO-
DUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY.
(D) "ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY" OR "ART" IS ANY MEDICAL OR
SCIENTIFIC INTERVENTION, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ASSISTED REPROD-
UCTION, PROVIDED FOR THE PURPOSE OF ACHIEVING LIVE BIRTH THAT RESULTS
FROM ASSISTED CONCEPTION. ASSISTED CONCEPTION MEANS THE FORMATION OF A
HUMAN EMBRYO OUTSIDE THE BODY WITH THE INTENT TO PRODUCE A LIVE BIRTH.
(E) "CHILD" MEANS A LIVE BORN INDIVIDUAL OF ANY AGE WHOSE PARENTAGE
MAY BE DETERMINED UNDER THIS ACT OR OTHER LAW.
(F) "COLLABORATIVE REPRODUCTION" INVOLVES ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH
DONOR SPERM AND ANY ASSISTED REPRODUCTION IN WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL OTHER
THAN THE INTENDED PARENT PROVIDES GENETIC MATERIAL OR AGREES TO ACT AS A
GESTATIONAL CARRIER. IT CAN INCLUDE, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, (1) ATTEMPTS
BY THE INTENDED PARENT TO CREATE A CHILD THROUGH MEANS OF A GESTATIONAL
ARRANGEMENT, WITH OR WITHOUT THE INVOLVEMENT OF A DONOR, AND (2)
ASSISTED REPRODUCTION INVOLVING A DONOR WHERE A GESTATIONAL CARRIER IS
NOT USED.
(G) "COMPENSATION" MEANS PAYMENT OF ANY VALUABLE CONSIDERATION FOR
TIME, EFFORT, PAIN AND/OR RISK TO HEALTH IN EXCESS OF REASONABLE MEDICAL
AND ANCILLARY COSTS.
(H) "DONOR" MEANS AN INDIVIDUAL WHO PRODUCES EGGS OR SPERM USED FOR
ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION, WHETHER OR NOT FOR
CONSIDERATION. DONOR ALSO INCLUDES AN INDIVIDUAL OR INDIVIDUALS WITH
DISPOSITIONAL CONTROL OF AN EMBRYO WHO PROVIDE IT TO ANOTHER PERSON FOR
THE PURPOSE OF GESTATION AND RELINQUISHES ALL PRESENT AND FUTURE
PARENTAL AND INHERITANCE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS TO A RESULTING CHILD.
THE TERM DOES NOT INCLUDE AN INTENDED PARENT WHO PROVIDES GAMETES TO BE
USED FOR ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION.
(I) "EMBRYO" MEANS A CELL OR GROUP OF CELLS CONTAINING A DIPLOID
COMPLEMENT OF CHROMOSOMES OR GROUP OF SUCH CELLS, NOT A GAMETE OR
GAMETES, THAT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO DEVELOP INTO A LIVE BORN HUMAN BEING
IF TRANSFERRED INTO THE BODY OF A WOMAN UNDER CONDITIONS IN WHICH
GESTATION MAY BE REASONABLY EXPECTED TO OCCUR.
(J) "EMBRYO TRANSFER" MEANS ALL MEDICAL AND LABORATORY PROCEDURES THAT
ARE NECESSARY TO EFFECTUATE THE TRANSFER OF AN EMBRYO INTO THE UTERINE
CAVITY.
(K) "GAMETE" MEANS A CELL CONTAINING A HAPLOID COMPLEMENT OF DNA THAT
HAS THE POTENTIAL TO FORM AN EMBRYO WHEN COMBINED WITH ANOTHER GAMETE.
SPERM AND EGGS ARE GAMETES. A GAMETE MAY CONSIST OF NUCLEAR DNA FROM ONE
HUMAN BEING COMBINED WITH THE CYTOPLASM, INCLUDING CYTOPLASMIC DNA, OF
ANOTHER HUMAN BEING.
(L) "GAMETE PROVIDER" MEANS AN INDIVIDUAL WHO PROVIDES SPERM OR EGGS
FOR USE IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION.
(M) "GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT" IS A CONTRACT BETWEEN INTENDED PARENTS AND
A GESTATIONAL CARRIER INTENDED TO RESULT IN A LIVE BIRTH WHERE THE CHILD
WILL BE THE LEGAL CHILD OF THE INTENDED PARENTS.
S. 17 3
(N) "GESTATIONAL CARRIER" MEANS AN ADULT WOMAN, NOT AN INTENDED
PARENT, WHO ENTERS INTO A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT TO BEAR A CHILD WHO WILL
BE THE LEGAL CHILD OF THE INTENDED PARENTS SO LONG AS SHE HAS NOT
PROVIDED THE EGG USED TO CONCEIVE THE RESULTING CHILD.
(O) "GESTATIONAL CARRIER ARRANGEMENT" MEANS THE PROCESS BY WHICH A
GESTATIONAL CARRIER ATTEMPTS TO CARRY AND GIVE BIRTH TO A CHILD CREATED
THROUGH ASSISTED REPRODUCTION SO LONG AS THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER HAS NOT
PROVIDED THE EGG USED TO CONCEIVE THE RESULTING CHILD.
(P) "HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONER" MEANS AN INDIVIDUAL LICENSED OR CERTI-
FIED UNDER TITLE EIGHT OF THE EDUCATION LAW ACTING WITHIN HIS OR HER
SCOPE OF PRACTICE.
(Q) "INTENDED PARENT" IS AN INDIVIDUAL WHO MANIFESTS THE INTENT AS
PROVIDED IN THIS ACT TO BE LEGALLY BOUND AS THE PARENT OF A CHILD
RESULTING FROM ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR COLLABORATIVE REPRODUCTION.
(R) "IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION" MEANS THE FORMATION OF A HUMAN EMBRYO
OUTSIDE THE HUMAN BODY.
(S) "MEDICAL EVALUATION" MEANS AN EVALUATION AND CONSULTATION WITH A
HEALTH CARE PROVIDER REGARDING THE ANTICIPATED PREGNANCY.
(T) "PARENT" MEANS AN INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS ESTABLISHED A PARENT-CHILD
RELATIONSHIP UNDER THIS ACT OR OTHER LAW AND INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMIT-
ED TO: (1) A CHILD'S BIRTH PARENT WHO IS NOT A GESTATIONAL CARRIER OR
THE SPOUSE OF THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER; (2) A CHILD'S GENETIC PARENT WHO
IS NOT THE DONOR; (3) AN INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS LEGALLY ADOPTED THE CHILD;
(4) AN INDIVIDUAL WHO IS A PARENT OF THE CHILD PURSUANT TO A LEGAL
PRESUMPTION; (5) AN INDIVIDUAL WHO IS A PARENT OF THE CHILD PURSUANT TO
AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT OR JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE PURSUANT TO ARTICLE TWO OF
THIS ACT OR OTHER LAW; (6) AN INDIVIDUAL WHO IS A PARENT OF THE CHILD
PURSUANT TO ARTICLE THREE, FOUR, OR SIX OF THIS ACT.
(U) "PARTICIPANT" MEANS AN INDIVIDUAL WHO PROVIDES A BIOLOGICAL OR
GENETIC COMPONENT OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION,
AN INTENDED PARENT, AND THE SPOUSE OF AN INTENDED PARENT OR GESTATIONAL
CARRIER. GESTATION IS A BIOLOGICAL COMPONENT WITHIN THE MEANING OF THIS
DEFINITION.
(V) "RECORD" MEANS INFORMATION INSCRIBED IN A TANGIBLE MEDIUM OR
STORED IN AN ELECTRONIC OR OTHER MEDIUM THAT IS RETRIEVABLE IN PERCEIVA-
BLE FORM.
(W) "RETRIEVAL" MEANS THE PROCUREMENT OF EGGS OR SPERM FROM A GAMETE
PROVIDER.
(X) "SPOUSE" MEANS AN INDIVIDUAL MARRIED TO ANOTHER, OR WHO HAS A
LEGAL RELATIONSHIP ENTERED INTO UNDER THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OR
OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN JURISDICTION, WHICH IS SUBSTANTIALLY
EQUIVALENT TO A MARRIAGE, INCLUDING A CIVIL UNION OR DOMESTIC PARTNER-
SHIP.
(Y) "STATE" MEANS A STATE OF THE UNITED STATES, THE DISTRICT OF COLUM-
BIA, PUERTO RICO, THE UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS, OR ANY TERRITORY OR
INSULAR POSSESSION SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
(Z) "TIME OF TRANSFER" MEANS THE TIME AT WHICH A GAMETE OR EMBRYO IS
TRANSFERRED INTO THE BODY OF A WOMAN WITH THE INTENT TO PRODUCE LIVE
BIRTH.
(AA) "TRANSFER" MEANS THE PLACEMENT OF AN EMBRYO OR GAMETES INTO THE
BODY OF A WOMAN WITH THE INTENT TO ACHIEVE PREGNANCY AND LIVE BIRTH.
PART 2
JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE
SECTION 581-201. JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE.
S. 17 4
581-202. PROCEEDING FOR JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE OF A CHILD BORN
THROUGH ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINA-
TION.
581-203. PROCEEDING FOR JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE OF A CHILD BORN
PURSUANT TO A GESTATIONAL CARRIER ARRANGEMENT.
581-204. PROCEEDING FOR JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE OF A CHILD WHOSE
PARENTAGE IS ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION 581-601
OF THIS ARTICLE.
581-205. JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE FOR INTENDED PARENTS WHO ARE
SPOUSES.
581-206. JURISDICTION.
§ 581-201. JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE. (A) A CIVIL PROCEEDING MAY BE MAIN-
TAINED TO ADJUDICATE THE PARENTAGE OF A CHILD UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES
SET FORTH IN THIS ARTICLE. THIS PROCEEDING IS GOVERNED BY THE CIVIL
PRACTICE LAW AND RULES.
(B) A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE MAY BE ISSUED PRIOR TO BIRTH BUT SHALL NOT
BECOME EFFECTIVE UNTIL THE BIRTH OF THE CHILD.
(C) A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE SHALL BE ISSUED BY THE COURT (1) BROUGHT
PURSUANT TO A PROCEEDING AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO PARTS THREE AND FOUR OF
THIS ACT UPON THE PETITION OF (I) A CHILD, OR (II) A PARENT, OR (III) A
PARTICIPANT, OR (IV) THE SUPPORT/ENFORCEMENT AGENCY OR OTHER GOVERN-
MENTAL AGENCY AUTHORIZED BY OTHER LAW, OR (V) A REPRESENTATIVE AUTHOR-
IZED BY LAW TO ACT FOR AN INDIVIDUAL WHO WOULD OTHERWISE BE ENTITLED TO
MAINTAIN A PROCEEDING BUT WHO IS DECEASED, INCAPACITATED, OR A MINOR, IN
ORDER TO LEGALLY ESTABLISH THE CHILD-PARENT RELATIONSHIP, (2) OR IN A
PROCEEDING AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO PART SIX OF THIS ACT UPON THE PETITION
OF (I) A CHILD, OR (II) A PARENT, OR (III) A PERSON CLAIMING TO HAVE
FORMED A PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP WITH A CHILD UNDER SECTION 581-601 OF
THIS ARTICLE, UNDER THE FOLLOWING CIRCUMSTANCES:
A. A CHILD BORN THROUGH ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINA-
TION UNDER PART THREE OF THIS ARTICLE; OR
B. A CHILD BORN PURSUANT TO A GESTATIONAL CARRIER ARRANGEMENT UNDER
PART FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE; OR
C. A CHILD WHOSE PARENTAGE CAN BE ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO PART SIX OF
THIS ARTICLE.
§ 581-202. PROCEEDING FOR JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE OF A CHILD BORN
THROUGH ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION. (A) A
PROCEEDING FOR A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE MAY BE COMMENCED:
(1) IF THE INTENDED PARENTS RESIDE IN NEW YORK STATE, IN THE COUNTY
WHERE THE INTENDED PARENTS RESIDE ANY TIME AFTER PREGNANCY IS ACHIEVED
OR IN THE COUNTY WHERE THE CHILD WAS BORN OR RESIDES; OR
(2) IF THE INTENDED PARENTS AND CHILD DO NOT RESIDE IN NEW YORK STATE,
UP TO NINETY DAYS AFTER THE BIRTH OF THE CHILD IN THE COUNTY WHERE THE
CHILD IS BORN.
(B) THE PETITION FOR A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE MUST BE VERIFIED AND
INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
(1) A STATEMENT THAT THE INTENDED PARENTS HAVE BEEN RESIDENTS OF THE
STATE FOR AT LEAST NINETY DAYS OR IF THEY ARE NOT NEW YORK STATE RESI-
DENTS, THE CHILD WAS BORN IN THE STATE; AND
(2) A STATEMENT FROM THE GESTATING MOTHER THAT SHE BECAME PREGNANT AS
A RESULT OF THE DONATION OF THE GAMETES OR EMBRYOS AND A REPRESENTATION
OF NON-ACCESS DURING THE TIME OF CONCEPTION; AND
(3) A STATEMENT THAT THE INTENDED PARENTS CONSENTED TO ASSISTED
REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 581-304 OF
THIS ARTICLE; AND
S. 17 5
(4) WHERE THE GAMETES OR EMBRYOS WERE RECEIVED FROM A GAMETE OR EMBRYO
STORAGE FACILITY, AN ATTACHED STATEMENT FROM THE FACILITY HAVING CUSTODY
OF THE GAMETES OR EMBRYOS DEMONSTRATING THE DONATIVE INTENT OF THE
GAMETE OR EMBRYO DONOR.
(C) THE FOLLOWING SHALL BE DEEMED SUFFICIENT PROOF OF A DONOR'S DONA-
TIVE INTENT:
(1) IN THE CASE OF AN ANONYMOUS DONOR, A STATEMENT FROM THE GAMETE OR
EMBRYO STORAGE FACILITY WITH CUSTODY OF THE GAMETES OR EMBRYOS THAT THE
DONOR RELINQUISHED ANY PARENTAL OR PROPRIETARY INTEREST IN THE GAMETES
OR EMBRYOS AT THE TIME OF DONATION; AND
(2) IN THE CASE OF A DONATION FROM A KNOWN DONOR, A NOTARIZED STATE-
MENT FROM THE GAMETE OR EMBRYO DONOR ACKNOWLEDGING THE DONATION AND
CONFIRMING THAT THE DONORS HAVE NO PARENTAL OR PROPRIETARY INTEREST IN
THE GAMETES OR EMBRYOS. IN THE ABSENCE OF A NOTARIZED STATEMENT FROM THE
DONOR, THE DONOR SHALL BE SERVED BY MAIL AT THE DONOR'S LAST KNOWN
ADDRESS WITH NOTICE OF THE PROCEEDING. FAILURE TO RESPOND TO SAID NOTICE
SHALL BE CONSIDERED A DEFAULT AND NO FURTHER NOTICE SHALL BE REQUIRED.
(D) WHERE A PETITION DEMONSTRATES THE CONSENT OF THE INTENDED PARENTS
PURSUANT TO SECTION 581-304 OF THIS ARTICLE, THE DONATIVE INTENT OF THE
GAMETE OR EMBRYO DONORS AND THAT THE PREGNANCY RESULTED FROM THE
DONATION, THE COURT SHALL ISSUE A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE:
(1) DECLARING, THAT UPON THE BIRTH OF THE CHILD, THE INTENDED PARENTS
ARE THE ONLY LEGAL PARENTS OF THE CHILD; AND
(2) ORDERING THE INTENDED PARENTS TO ASSUME SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR
THE MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT OF THE CHILD IMMEDIATELY UPON THE BIRTH OF
THE CHILD; AND
(3) ORDERING THAT UPON THE BIRTH OF THE CHILD, A COPY OF THE JUDGMENT
OF PARENTAGE BE SERVED ON THE (I) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH OR NEW YORK CITY
DEPARTMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE, OR (II) REGISTRAR OF BIRTHS IN
THE HOSPITAL WHERE THE CHILD IS BORN AND DIRECTING THAT THE HOSPITAL
REPORT THE PARENTAGE OF THE CHILD TO THE APPROPRIATE DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH IN CONFORMITY WITH THE COURT ORDER. IF AN ORIGINAL BIRTH CERTIF-
ICATE HAS ALREADY ISSUED, THE COURT SHALL ISSUE AN ORDER DIRECTING THE
APPROPRIATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TO AMEND THE BIRTH CERTIFICATE IN AN
EXPEDITED MANNER AND SEAL THE PREVIOUSLY ISSUED BIRTH CERTIFICATE.
§ 581-203. PROCEEDING FOR JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE OF A CHILD BORN PURSU-
ANT TO A GESTATIONAL CARRIER ARRANGEMENT. (A) THE PROCEEDING MAY BE
COMMENCED AT ANY TIME AFTER THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT HAS BEEN EXECUTED
BY ALL OF THE PARTIES. ANY PARTY TO THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT NOT JOIN-
ING IN THE PETITION MUST BE SERVED WITH NOTICE OF THE PROCEEDING. FAIL-
URE TO RESPOND TO THE NOTICE SHALL BE CONSIDERED A DEFAULT AND NO
FURTHER NOTICE SHALL BE REQUIRED.
(B) THE PETITION FOR A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE MUST BE VERIFIED AND
INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
(1) A STATEMENT THAT THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER OR THE INTENDED PARENTS
HAVE BEEN RESIDENTS OF THE STATE FOR AT LEAST NINETY DAYS AT THE TIME
THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT WAS EXECUTED; AND
(2) A CERTIFICATION FROM THE ATTORNEYS REPRESENTING THE PETITIONERS
THAT THE PARTIES ARE ELIGIBLE TO PARTICIPATE IN THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER
ARRANGEMENT AS REQUIRED BY SECTION 581-404 OF THIS ARTICLE AND THAT THE
GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT CONTAINS THE REQUIRED TERMS UNDER SECTION 581-405
OF THIS ARTICLE; AND
(3) A STATEMENT THAT THE PARTIES ENTERED INTO THE GESTATIONAL AGREE-
MENT KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY.
S. 17 6
(C) WHERE A PETITION SATISFIES SUBDIVISION (B) OF THIS SECTION, THE
COURT SHALL ISSUE A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE, WITHOUT ADDITIONAL
PROCEEDINGS OR DOCUMENTATION:
(1) DECLARING, THAT UPON THE BIRTH OF A CHILD BORN DURING THE TERM OF
THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT, THE INTENDED PARENTS ARE THE LEGAL PARENTS OF
THE CHILD; AND
(2) DECLARING, THAT UPON THE BIRTH OF A CHILD BORN DURING THE TERM OF
THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT, THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER, AND HER SPOUSE, IF
ANY, ARE NOT THE LEGAL PARENTS OF THE CHILD; AND
(3) ORDERING THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER AND HER SPOUSE, IF ANY, TO TRANS-
FER THE CHILD TO THE INTENDED PARENTS IF THIS HAS NOT ALREADY OCCURRED;
AND
(4) ORDERING THE INTENDED PARENTS TO ASSUME SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR
THE MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT OF THE CHILD IMMEDIATELY UPON THE BIRTH OF
THE CHILD; AND
(5) ORDERING THAT UPON THE BIRTH OF THE CHILD, A COPY OF THE JUDGMENT
OF PARENTAGE BE SERVED ON THE (I) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH OR NEW YORK CITY
DEPARTMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE, OR (II) REGISTRAR OF BIRTHS IN
THE HOSPITAL WHERE THE CHILD IS BORN AND DIRECTING THAT THE HOSPITAL
REPORT THE PARENTAGE OF THE CHILD TO THE APPROPRIATE DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH IN CONFORMITY WITH THE COURT ORDER. IF AN ORIGINAL BIRTH CERTIF-
ICATE HAS ALREADY ISSUED, THE COURT SHALL ISSUE AN ORDER DIRECTING THE
APPROPRIATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TO AMEND THE BIRTH CERTIFICATE IN AN
EXPEDITED MANNER AND SEAL THE PREVIOUSLY ISSUED BIRTH CERTIFICATE.
(D) THE AGREEMENT OF THE INTENDED PARENTS TO PAY REASONABLE COMPEN-
SATION TO THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER IN EXCESS OF REASONABLE MEDICAL AND
ANCILLARY COSTS SHALL NOT BE A BAR TO THE ISSUANCE OF A JUDGMENT OF
PARENTAGE.
§ 581-204. PROCEEDING FOR JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE OF A CHILD WHOSE
PARENTAGE IS ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION 581-601 OF THIS ARTICLE. A
PROCEEDING FOR A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE MAY BE COMMENCED BY VERIFIED
PETITION TO ESTABLISH PARENTAGE UNDER SECTION 581-601 OF THIS ARTICLE AT
ANY TIME IN THE COUNTY OF RESIDENCE OF THE CHILD OR OF A PARENT, INCLUD-
ING A PERSON ASSERTING TO HAVE FORMED A PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP WITH A
CHILD UNDER SECTION 581-601 OF THIS ARTICLE. UPON A DETERMINATION OF
PARENTAGE UNDER SECTION 581-601 OF THIS ARTICLE, THE COURT SHALL ISSUE A
JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE DECLARING THE PARENTS OF THE CHILD FOR ALL LEGAL
PURPOSES.
§ 581-205. JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE FOR INTENDED PARENTS WHO ARE SPOUSES.
NOTWITHSTANDING OR WITHOUT LIMITATION ON PRESUMPTIONS OF PARENTAGE THAT
APPLY, A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE MAY BE OBTAINED UNDER THIS PART BY
INTENDED PARENTS WHO ARE EACH OTHER'S SPOUSE.
§ 581-206. JURISDICTION. PROCEEDINGS PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE MAY BE
INSTITUTED IN THE SUPREME, FAMILY OR SURROGATE'S COURT EXCEPT FOR
PROCEEDINGS PURSUANT TO SECTION 581-204 OF THIS PART MAY BE INSTITUTED
IN THE SUPREME OR FAMILY COURT.
PART 3
CHILD OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
SECTION 581-301. SCOPE OF ARTICLE.
581-302. STATUS OF DONOR.
581-303. PARENTAGE OF CHILD OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFI-
CIAL INSEMINATION.
581-304. CONSENT TO ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMI-
NATION.
S. 17 7
581-305. LIMITATION ON SPOUSES' DISPUTE OF PARENTAGE OF CHILD OF
ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION.
581-306. EFFECT OF DISSOLUTION OF RELATIONSHIP OF SPOUSES OR
WITHDRAWAL OF CONSENT.
581-307. EFFECT OF DEATH OF INTENDED PARENT.
§ 581-301. SCOPE OF ARTICLE. THIS ARTICLE DOES NOT APPLY TO THE BIRTH
OF A CHILD CONCEIVED BY MEANS OF SEXUAL INTERCOURSE.
§ 581-302. STATUS OF DONOR. A DONOR IS NOT A PARENT OF A CHILD
CONCEIVED BY MEANS OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 581-303 OF THIS PART.
§ 581-303. PARENTAGE OF CHILD OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL
INSEMINATION. (A) AN INDIVIDUAL WHO PROVIDES GAMETES FOR ASSISTED
REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH THE INTENT TO BE A PARENT
OF THE CHILD, OR CONSENTS TO ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMI-
NATION AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 581-304 OF THIS PART, IS A PARENT OF THE
RESULTING CHILD FOR ALL LEGAL PURPOSES.
(B) UPON APPLICATION BY ANY PARTICIPANT, THE COURT SHALL ISSUE A JUDG-
MENT OF PARENTAGE TO ANY PARTICIPANT WHO IS A PARENT PURSUANT TO THIS
ACT.
§ 581-304. CONSENT TO ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINA-
TION. (A) WHERE THE INTENDED PARENT WHO GIVES BIRTH TO A CHILD BY MEANS
OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IS A SPOUSE, THE
CONSENT OF BOTH SPOUSES TO THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSE-
MINATION IS PRESUMED AND NEITHER SPOUSE MAY CHALLENGE THE PARENTAGE OF
THE CHILD, EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 581-305 OF THIS PART.
(B) CONSENT TO ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION BY AN
INDIVIDUAL WHO INTENDS TO BE A PARENT AND IS NOT THE SPOUSE OF THE
INTENDED PARENT WHO GIVES BIRTH TO A CHILD BY MEANS OF ASSISTED REPROD-
UCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION MUST BE IN A SIGNED RECORD WHICH
ACKNOWLEDGES THE INTENDED PARENTS' JOINT PARTICIPATION AND INTENTION TO
PARENT TOGETHER.
(C) THE FAILURE OF A PERSON TO SIGN A RECORD EVIDENCING HIS/HER
CONSENT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT
PRECLUDE A FINDING THAT SUCH CONSENT EXISTED IF THE COURT FINDS BY CLEAR
AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE THAT AT THE TIME OF THE CHILD'S CONCEPTION OR
BIRTH, BOTH THE INTENDED PARENT WHO GIVES BIRTH TO THE CHILD AND SUCH
PERSON RESIDED IN THE SAME HOUSEHOLD AS INTIMATE PARTNERS, AND HELD
THEMSELVES AND EACH OTHER OUT AS THE PARENTS OF THE INTENDED CHILD.
§ 581-305. LIMITATION ON SPOUSES' DISPUTE OF PARENTAGE OF CHILD OF
ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION. (A) EXCEPT AS OTHER-
WISE PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OF THIS SECTION, NEITHER SPOUSE MAY
CHALLENGE THE PRESUMPTION OF PARENTAGE OF THE CHILD UNLESS:
(1) WITHIN TWO YEARS AFTER LEARNING OF THE BIRTH OF THE CHILD A
PROCEEDING IS COMMENCED TO ADJUDICATE PARENTAGE; AND
(2) THE COURT FINDS BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE THAT EITHER
SPOUSE DID NOT CONSENT FOR THE NON-GESTATING SPOUSE TO BE A PARENT OF
THE CHILD.
(B) A PROCEEDING FOR A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE MAY BE MAINTAINED AT ANY
TIME IF THE COURT DETERMINES THAT:
(1) THE SPOUSE DID NOT PROVIDE GAMETES FOR, OR CONSENT TO, ASSISTED
REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION BY THE INDIVIDUAL WHO GAVE
BIRTH; AND
(2) THE SPOUSE AND THE INDIVIDUAL WHO GAVE BIRTH HAVE NOT COHABITED
SINCE THE SPOUSE KNEW OR HAD REASON TO KNOW OF THE PREGNANCY; AND
(3) THE SPOUSE NEVER OPENLY HELD OUT THE CHILD AS HIS OR HER OWN.
S. 17 8
(C) THE LIMITATION PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION APPLIES TO A SPOUSAL
RELATIONSHIP THAT HAS BEEN DECLARED INVALID AFTER ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION.
§ 581-306. EFFECT OF DISSOLUTION OF RELATIONSHIP OF SPOUSES OR WITH-
DRAWAL OF CONSENT. IF THE RELATIONSHIP OF SPOUSES IS DISSOLVED BEFORE
TRANSFER OF EGGS, SPERM, OR EMBRYOS, THE CONSENT OF BOTH SPOUSES TO THE
USE OF THE GAMETES OR THE TRANSFER OF EMBRYOS IS REQUIRED IF THE SPOUSES
HAVE JOINT CUSTODY AND CONTROL OF THE GAMETES OR EMBRYOS. HOWEVER, IF
THERE IS A SIGNED RECORD ASSIGNING CUSTODY AND CONTROL OF THE GAMETES OR
EMBRYOS TO ONE SPOUSE, THAT SPOUSE MAY USE OR TRANSFER SAID GAMETES OR
EMBRYOS WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THE FORMER SPOUSE. THE FORMER SPOUSE IS
NOT A PARENT OF THE RESULTING CHILD UNLESS THE FORMER SPOUSE CONSENTED
IN A RECORD THAT IF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
WERE TO OCCUR AFTER A DIVORCE OR DISSOLUTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP, THE
FORMER SPOUSE WOULD BE A PARENT OF THE CHILD.
§ 581-307. EFFECT OF DEATH OF INTENDED PARENT. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE
PROVIDED IN THE ESTATES, POWERS AND TRUSTS LAW, IF AN INDIVIDUAL WHO
CONSENTED IN A RECORD TO BE A PARENT BY ASSISTED REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFI-
CIAL INSEMINATION DIES BEFORE THE TRANSFER OF EGGS, SPERM, OR EMBRYOS,
THE DECEASED INDIVIDUAL IS NOT A PARENT OF THE RESULTING CHILD UNLESS
THE DECEASED INDIVIDUAL CONSENTED IN A SIGNED RECORD THAT IF ASSISTED
REPRODUCTION OR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WERE TO OCCUR AFTER DEATH, THE
DECEASED INDIVIDUAL WOULD BE A PARENT OF THE CHILD.
PART 4
GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT
SECTION 581-401. GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT AUTHORIZED.
581-404. ELIGIBILITY.
581-405. REQUIREMENTS OF GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT.
581-406. TERMINATION OF GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT.
581-407. GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT: EFFECT OF SUBSEQUENT SPOUSAL
RELATIONSHIP.
581-408. FAILURE TO OBTAIN A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE.
581-409. DISPUTE AS TO GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT.
581-410. INSPECTION OF RECORDS.
581-411. EXCLUSIVE, CONTINUING JURISDICTION.
§ 581-401. GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT AUTHORIZED. (A) IF ELIGIBLE UNDER
THIS ARTICLE TO ENTER INTO A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT, A GESTATIONAL CARRI-
ER, HER SPOUSE IF APPLICABLE, AND THE INTENDED PARENTS MAY ENTER INTO A
GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT WHICH WILL BE ENFORCEABLE PROVIDED THE GESTATIONAL
AGREEMENT MEETS THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS ARTICLE.
(B) A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE BIRTH OF A CHILD
CONCEIVED BY MEANS OF SEXUAL INTERCOURSE.
(C) A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT MAY PROVIDE FOR PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION
UNDER PART FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE.
(D) A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT MAY NOT LIMIT THE RIGHT OF THE GESTATIONAL
CARRIER TO MAKE DECISIONS TO SAFEGUARD HER HEALTH.
§ 581-404. ELIGIBILITY. (A) A GESTATIONAL CARRIER SHALL BE ELIGIBLE
TO ENTER INTO AN ENFORCEABLE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT UNDER THIS ARTICLE IF
SHE HAS MET THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS AT THE TIME THE GESTATIONAL
AGREEMENT IS EXECUTED:
(1) SHE IS AT LEAST TWENTY-ONE YEARS OF AGE; AND
(2) SHE HAS COMPLETED A MEDICAL EVALUATION WITH A HEALTH CARE PRACTI-
TIONER RELATING TO THE ANTICIPATED PREGNANCY; AND
S. 17 9
(3) SHE HAS UNDERGONE LEGAL CONSULTATION WITH INDEPENDENT LEGAL COUN-
SEL REGARDING THE TERMS OF THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT AND THE POTENTIAL
LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER ARRANGEMENT; AND
(4) SHE HAS, OR THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT STIPULATES THAT PRIOR TO THE
EMBRYO TRANSFER, SHE WILL OBTAIN, A HEALTH INSURANCE POLICY THAT COVERS
MAJOR MEDICAL TREATMENTS AND HOSPITALIZATION, AND THE HEALTH INSURANCE
POLICY HAS A TERM THAT EXTENDS THROUGHOUT THE DURATION OF THE EXPECTED
PREGNANCY AND FOR EIGHT WEEKS AFTER THE BIRTH OF THE CHILD; THE POLICY
MAY BE PROCURED AND PAID FOR BY THE INTENDED PARENTS ON BEHALF OF THE
GESTATIONAL CARRIER PURSUANT TO THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT.
(B) THE INTENDED PARENTS SHALL BE ELIGIBLE TO ENTER INTO AN ENFORCEA-
BLE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT UNDER THIS ARTICLE IF HE, SHE, OR THEY HAVE
MET THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS AT THE TIME THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT WAS
EXECUTED:
(1) HE, SHE, OR THEY HAVE UNDERGONE LEGAL CONSULTATION WITH INDEPEND-
ENT LEGAL COUNSEL REGARDING THE TERMS OF THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT AND
THE POTENTIAL LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER ARRANGEMENT;
AND
(2) HE OR SHE IS AN ADULT PERSON WHO IS NOT IN A SPOUSAL RELATIONSHIP,
OR ADULT SPOUSES TOGETHER, OR ANY TWO ADULTS WHO ARE INTIMATE PARTNERS
TOGETHER, EXCEPT WHERE THE INTENDED PARENT AND HIS OR HER SPOUSE:
(I) ARE LIVING SEPARATE AND APART PURSUANT TO A DECREE OR JUDGMENT OF
SEPARATION OR PURSUANT TO A WRITTEN AGREEMENT OF SEPARATION SUBSCRIBED
BY THE PARTIES THERETO AND ACKNOWLEDGED OR PROVED IN THE FORM REQUIRED
TO ENTITLE A DEED TO BE RECORDED; OR
(II) HAVE BEEN LIVING SEPARATE AND APART FOR AT LEAST THREE YEARS
PRIOR TO EXECUTION OF THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT, THEN THE SPOUSE OF THE
INTENDED PARENT IS NOT REQUIRED TO BE A PARTY TO THE GESTATIONAL AGREE-
MENT AND SHALL NOT HAVE PARENTAL RIGHTS OR OBLIGATIONS TO THE CHILD.
§ 581-405. REQUIREMENTS OF GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT. (A) A GESTATIONAL
AGREEMENT SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE SATISFIED THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS
ARTICLE AND BE ENFORCEABLE IF IT MEETS THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS:
(1) IT SHALL BE IN A SIGNED RECORD VERIFIED BY THE INTENDED PARENTS,
THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER, AND HER SPOUSE, IF ANY; AND
(2) IT SHALL BE EXECUTED PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF ANY MEDICAL
PROCEDURES IN FURTHERANCE OF THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER ARRANGEMENT OTHER
THAN MEDICAL EVALUATIONS NECESSARY TO DETERMINE ELIGIBILITY OF THE
PARTIES PURSUANT TO SECTION 581-404 OF THIS PART; AND
(3) IT SHALL BE EXECUTED BY A GESTATIONAL CARRIER MEETING THE ELIGI-
BILITY REQUIREMENTS OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION 581-404 OF THIS PART
AND BY THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER'S SPOUSE, IF ANY; AND
(4) IT SHALL BE EXECUTED BY INTENDED PARENTS MEETING THE ELIGIBILITY
REQUIREMENTS OF SUBDIVISION (B) OF SECTION 581-404 OF THIS PART; AND
(5) THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER AND THE INTENDED PARENTS SHALL HAVE BEEN
REPRESENTED BY SEPARATE, INDEPENDENT COUNSEL IN ALL MATTERS CONCERNING
THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER ARRANGEMENT AND THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT; AND
(6) IF THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT PROVIDES FOR THE PAYMENT OF COMPEN-
SATION TO THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER, THE COMPENSATION SHALL HAVE BEEN
PLACED IN ESCROW WITH AN INDEPENDENT ESCROW AGENT PRIOR TO THE GESTA-
TIONAL CARRIER'S COMMENCEMENT OF ANY MEDICAL PROCEDURE OTHER THAN
MEDICAL EVALUATIONS NECESSARY TO DETERMINE THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER'S
ELIGIBILITY; AND
(7) THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
(I) AS TO THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER AND HER SPOUSE, IF ANY:
(A) THE AGREEMENT OF THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER TO UNDERGO EMBRYO TRANS-
FER AND ATTEMPT TO CARRY AND GIVE BIRTH TO THE CHILD; AND
S. 17 10
(B) THE AGREEMENT OF THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER AND HER SPOUSE, IF ANY,
TO SURRENDER CUSTODY OF ALL RESULTING CHILDREN TO THE INTENDED PARENTS
IMMEDIATELY UPON THE BIRTH; AND
(C) THE RIGHT OF THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER TO UTILIZE THE SERVICES OF A
HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONER OF HER CHOOSING, AFTER CONSULTATION WITH THE
INTENDED PARENTS, TO PROVIDE HER CARE DURING THE PREGNANCY; AND
(II) AS TO THE INTENDED PARENT OR PARENTS:
(A) THE AGREEMENT TO ACCEPT CUSTODY OF ALL RESULTING CHILDREN IMME-
DIATELY UPON BIRTH REGARDLESS OF NUMBER, GENDER, OR MENTAL OR PHYSICAL
CONDITION; AND
(B) THE AGREEMENT TO ASSUME SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE SUPPORT OF THE
CHILDREN IMMEDIATELY UPON THE CHILDREN'S BIRTH; AND
(C) THE AGREEMENT THAT THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE INTENDED
PARENT OR PARENTS UNDER THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT ARE NOT ASSIGNABLE.
§ 581-406. TERMINATION OF GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT. (A) AFTER ISSUANCE
OF A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE PURSUANT TO SECTION 581-203 OF THIS ARTICLE,
BUT BEFORE THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER BECOMES PREGNANT BY MEANS OF ASSISTED
REPRODUCTION, THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER, HER SPOUSE, IF ANY, OR EITHER OF
THE INTENDED PARENTS MAY TERMINATE THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT BY GIVING
NOTICE OF TERMINATION IN A RECORD TO ALL OTHER PARTIES AND ANY LIABILITY
RESULTING THEREFROM WILL BE DETERMINED PURSUANT TO SECTION 581-408 OF
THIS PART.
(B) AN INDIVIDUAL WHO TERMINATES A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT UNDER THIS
SECTION SHALL FILE NOTICE OF THE TERMINATION WITH THE COURT. ON RECEIPT
OF THE NOTICE, THE COURT SHALL VACATE THE JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE ISSUED
UNDER THIS ARTICLE.
§ 581-407. GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT: EFFECT OF SUBSEQUENT SPOUSAL
RELATIONSHIP. AFTER THE EXECUTION OF A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT UNDER THIS
ARTICLE, THE SUBSEQUENT SPOUSAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER
DOES NOT AFFECT THE VALIDITY OF A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT, HER SPOUSE'S
CONSENT TO THE AGREEMENT SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED, AND HER SPOUSE SHALL NOT
BE THE PRESUMED PARENT OF THE RESULTING CHILD.
§ 581-408. FAILURE TO OBTAIN A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE. WHERE THE
INTENDED PARENTS OR THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER FAIL TO OBTAIN A JUDGMENT OF
PARENTAGE PURSUANT TO SECTION 581-203 OF THIS ARTICLE, THE PARENTAGE OF
A CHILD BORN AS THE RESULT OF A GESTATIONAL CARRIER ARRANGEMENT WILL BE
DETERMINED BASED ON THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD TAKING INTO ACCOUNT
GENETICS AND THE INTENT OF THE PARTIES.
§ 581-409. DISPUTE AS TO GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT. (A) ANY DISPUTE WHICH
IS RELATED TO A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT OTHER THAN DISPUTES AS TO PARENT-
AGE SHALL BE RESOLVED BY THE SUPREME COURT, WHICH SHALL DETERMINE THE
RESPECTIVE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES. IF A GESTATIONAL
AGREEMENT DOES NOT MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS ARTICLE, THE AGREEMENT
IS NOT ENFORCEABLE.
(B) EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THE GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT, THE
INTENDED PARENT OR PARENTS AND GESTATIONAL CARRIER SHALL BE ENTITLED TO
ALL REMEDIES AVAILABLE AT LAW OR EQUITY IN ANY DISPUTE RELATED TO THE
GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT.
(C) THERE SHALL BE NO SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE REMEDY AVAILABLE FOR A
BREACH BY THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER OF A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT TERM THAT
REQUIRES HER TO BE IMPREGNATED.
§ 581-410. INSPECTION OF RECORDS. THE PROCEEDINGS, RECORDS, AND IDEN-
TITIES OF THE INDIVIDUAL PARTIES TO A GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT UNDER THIS
ARTICLE SHALL BE SEALED EXCEPT UPON THE PETITION OF THE PARTIES TO THE
GESTATIONAL AGREEMENT OR THE CHILD BORN AS A RESULT OF THE GESTATIONAL
CARRIER ARRANGEMENT.
S. 17 11
§ 581-411. EXCLUSIVE, CONTINUING JURISDICTION. SUBJECT TO THE JURIS-
DICTIONAL STANDARDS OF SECTION SEVENTY-SIX OF THE DOMESTIC RELATIONS
LAW, THE COURT CONDUCTING A PROCEEDING UNDER THIS ARTICLE HAS EXCLUSIVE,
CONTINUING JURISDICTION OF ALL MATTERS ARISING OUT OF THE GESTATIONAL
AGREEMENT UNTIL A CHILD BORN TO THE GESTATIONAL CARRIER DURING THE PERI-
OD GOVERNED BY THE AGREEMENT ATTAINS THE AGE OF ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY DAYS.
PART 5
PAYMENT TO DONORS AND GESTATIONAL CARRIERS
SECTION 581-501. REIMBURSEMENT.
581-502. COMPENSATION.
§ 581-501. REIMBURSEMENT. (A) A DONOR WHO HAS ENTERED INTO A VALID
AGREEMENT TO BE A DONOR, MAY RECEIVE REIMBURSEMENT FROM AN INTENDED
PARENT OR PARENTS FOR ECONOMIC LOSSES INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH THE
DONATION WHICH RESULT FROM THE RETRIEVAL OR STORAGE OF GAMETES OR EMBR-
YOS.
(B) PREMIUMS PAID FOR INSURANCE AGAINST ECONOMIC LOSSES DIRECTLY
RESULTING FROM THE RETRIEVAL OR STORAGE OF GAMETES OR EMBRYOS FOR
DONATION MAY BE REIMBURSED.
§ 581-502. COMPENSATION. (A) COMPENSATION MAY BE PAID TO A DONOR OR
GESTATIONAL CARRIER BASED ON SERVICES RENDERED, EXPENSES THAT HAVE BEEN
OR WILL BE INCURRED, TIME, AND INCONVENIENCE. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES MAY
COMPENSATION BE PAID TO PURCHASE GAMETES OR EMBRYOS OR TO PAY FOR THE
RELINQUISHMENT OF A PARENTAL INTEREST IN A CHILD.
(B) THE COMPENSATION, IF ANY, PAID TO A DONOR OR GESTATIONAL CARRIER
MUST BE REASONABLE AND NEGOTIATED IN GOOD FAITH BETWEEN THE PARTIES, AND
SAID PAYMENTS TO A GESTATIONAL CARRIER SHALL NOT EXCEED THE DURATION OF
THE PREGNANCY AND RECUPERATIVE PERIOD OF UP TO EIGHT WEEKS AFTER THE
BIRTH OF THE CHILD.
(C) COMPENSATION MAY NOT BE CONDITIONED UPON THE PURPORTED QUALITY OR
GENOME-RELATED TRAITS OF THE GAMETES OR EMBRYOS.
(D) COMPENSATION MAY NOT BE CONDITIONED ON ACTUAL GENOTYPIC OR PHENO-
TYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DONOR OR OF THE CHILD.
PART 6
FORMATION OF LEGAL PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP AFTER BIRTH OF CHILD
SECTION 581-601. DETERMINATION OF PARENTHOOD.
§ 581-601. DETERMINATION OF PARENTHOOD. (A) A PERSON SEEKING TO QUAL-
IFY FOR A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE UNDER THIS PART IS REFERRED TO HEREIN AS
"PUTATIVE PARENT".
(B) THE COURT SHALL ISSUE A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE TO A PETITIONER WHO
DEMONSTRATES THE FOLLOWING BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE:
(1) ANY PARENT OR PARENTS OF A CHILD CONSENTED TO THE PUTATIVE
PARENT'S FORMATION OF A PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CHILD, SUCH
CONSENT TO BE EXPRESSED IN WRITTEN FORM, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
ANY OF THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES: A SIGNED LETTER AGREEMENT, AN EXECUTED
CONTRACT, A BIRTH ANNOUNCEMENT, A RELIGIOUS CEREMONY DOCUMENT, OR A
SCHOOL OR MEDICAL RECORD; AND
(2) THE PUTATIVE PARENT RESIDED IN THE SAME HOUSEHOLD WITH THE CHILD
FOR A LENGTH OF TIME SUFFICIENT, GIVEN THE AGE OF THE CHILD, TO HAVE
ESTABLISHED WITH THE CHILD A BONDED, DEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP PARENTAL IN
NATURE; AND
(3) THE PUTATIVE PARENT PERFORMED PARENTAL FUNCTIONS FOR THE CHILD TO
A SIGNIFICANT DEGREE; AND
(4) THE PUTATIVE PARENT FORMED A PARENT-CHILD BOND WITH THE CHILD; AND
(5) SUCH JUDGMENT IS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD.
S. 17 12
(C) A PUTATIVE PARENT UNDER THIS PART SHALL NOT INCLUDE A GRANDPARENT
OF SUCH MINOR CHILD, A PERSON WHOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CHILD IS BASED
ON PAYMENT BY THE PARENT, OR A PERSON WHO HAS NOT AT ANY TIME BEEN AN
INTIMATE PARTNER WITH A PARENT OF THE CHILD.
(D) THE COURT SHALL APPOINT AN ATTORNEY FOR THE CHILD TO REPRESENT A
MINOR WHO IS THE SUBJECT OF THE PROCEEDING.
(E) A PARENT'S WITHDRAWAL OF CONSENT TO THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP
SUBSEQUENT TO THE OCCURRENCE OF THE FACTORS IN PARAGRAPHS ONE THROUGH
FIVE OF SUBDIVISION (B) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT CHANGE THE LEGAL
PARENTAL STATUS OR RIGHTS OF THE PUTATIVE PARENT QUALIFYING UNDER THIS
PART.
(F) THE PUTATIVE PARENT QUALIFYING AS A PARENT UNDER THIS SECTION
SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE LEGAL PARENT OF SUCH CHILD FOR ALL PURPOSES.
(G) A JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE SHALL BE ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION
581-204 OF THIS ARTICLE CONFIRMING ESTABLISHMENT OF A PARENT-CHILD
RELATIONSHIP AS PROVIDED IN THIS PART.
PART 7
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
SECTION 581-701. REMEDIAL.
581-702. SEVERABILITY.
581-703. PARENT UNDER SECTION SEVENTY OF THE DOMESTIC RELATIONS
LAW.
§ 581-701. REMEDIAL. THIS LEGISLATION IS HEREBY DECLARED TO BE A
REMEDIAL STATUTE AND IS TO BE CONSTRUED LIBERALLY TO SECURE THE BENEFI-
CIAL INTERESTS AND PURPOSES THEREOF FOR THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD.
§ 581-702. SEVERABILITY. THE INVALIDATION OF ANY PART OF THIS LEGIS-
LATION BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION SHALL NOT RESULT IN THE
INVALIDATION OF ANY OTHER PART.
§ 581-703. PARENT UNDER SECTION SEVENTY OF THE DOMESTIC RELATIONS LAW.
THE TERM "PARENT" IN SECTION SEVENTY OF THE DOMESTIC RELATIONS LAW SHALL
INCLUDE A PERSON ESTABLISHED TO BE A PARENT UNDER THIS ARTICLE OR ANY
OTHER RELEVANT LAW.
§ 2. Section 73 of the domestic relations law is REPEALED.
§ 3. Article 8 of the domestic relations law is REPEALED.
§ 4. This act shall take effect on the one hundred twentieth day after
it shall have become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amend-
ment and/or repeal of any rule or regulation necessary for the implemen-
tation of this act on its effective date is authorized to be made on or
before such date.
