NY State Senate Bill 2017-S8746A

Senate Bill S8746A

2017-2018 Legislative Session

Relates to establishing in the city of Buffalo a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in school speed zones by means of photo devices

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Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Transportation Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
May 21, 2018	print number 8746a
May 21, 2018	amend and recommit to transportation
May 10, 2018	referred to transportation

Bill Amendments

Original

A (Active)

2017-S8746 - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A10810
Current Committee:: Senate Transportation
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §§235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 1809, 1809-e & 401, add §1180-d, V & T L; amd §87, Pub Off L
Versions Introduced in 2019-2020 Legislative Session:: S231, A951

2017-S8746 - Summary

Establishes in the city of Buffalo a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in school speed zones by means of photo devices.

2017-S8746 - Sponsor Memo

                                
 
BILL NUMBER: S8746

SPONSOR: KENNEDY
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
in relation to establishing in the city of Buffalo a demonstration
program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in school speed
zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of such
provisions upon expiration thereof

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Section 1 amends subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic
law to include the ability to adjudicate the liability of owners for
violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
ance with said chapter.

Section 2 amends subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 2 of part II of chapter 59 of the laws of
2010 to include the ability to adjudicate the liability of owners for
violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-

ance with said chapter.

Section 3 amends subdivision 12 of section 237 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law to include the ability to adjudicate the liability of owners for
violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
ance with said chapter.

Section 4 amends paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the
vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4 of part II of chapter
59 of the laws of 2010 to include notice of liability issued pursuant to
section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter to the definition of
"notice of violation".

Section 5 amends paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of
the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of part II of chap-
ter 59 of the laws of 2010 to include 'an allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter' to the
list of allegations held before the hearing examiner, and that said
hearing will be recorded.

Section 6 amends subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and
traffic law to add 'record of or allegations of liability in accordance
with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter' to the procedures
surrounding determination of charges.

Section 7 amends the vehicle and traffic law to add section eleven
hundred eighty-d. This authorizes the City of Buffalo to establish a
demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owners of motor
vehicles found to be in violation of the maximum school speed limit in
Buffalo through the use of a speed limit photo device which combines
speed sensing technology which determines the speed of a vehicle and
captures/records that data by photographic, micro-graphic, video tape or
other recording system and produces an image of a motor vehicle at the
moment that it exceeds the speed limit. Buffalo will be authorized to
operate cameras in no more than twenty school zones at any one time
during any year of the program.  Such speed limit photo devices may be

stationary or mobile and shall be activated at locations selected by
such city.

Section 8 amends the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision
1 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law to add an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
or (g) of section eleven hundred eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter' to
the exemptions in the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision
1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law.

Section 9 amends paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the
vehicle and traffic law to an 'adjudication of liability of an owner for
a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter' to the exemptions to paragraph
a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law.

Section 13 amends Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law
by adding paragraph (p)authorizing photographs, microphotographs, vide-
otape or other recorded images prepared under the authority of section
eleven hundred eighty-d of the vehicle and traffic law.

Section 14 states that the purchase or lease of equipment for a demon-
stration program pursuant to section 1180-d of the vehicle and traffic
law shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general
municipal law.

Section 15 is the enacting clause.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Speeding motorists are a pervasive problem in some areas of the City of
Buffalo. Speed violations are often a significant factor in accidents,
which may result in death or injury to motorists and pedestrians. Speed-
ing motorists are especially an issue in school zones, where children
and families are vulnerable to distracted, speeding drivers. According
to Safe Kids Worldwide, in the United States there has been a 13%
increase in the pedestrian death rate for 12-19 year olds since 2013.

Under the present provisions of law, a police officer must be present at
the scene of a speeding violation to observe the violation and serve the
operator of the vehicle with a summons. There are of course not a suffi-
cient number of police officers to observe every speeding violation. In
fact, a motorist can rely on the odds that a speeding violation will not
be detected.

Therefore, the purpose of this legislation is to develop a system which
will supplement the police effort by using recent technology to record
speeding violations on film or other recording devices. The program will
operate in the same manner as the Red Light Camera Program, which has
successfully reduced the incidence of red light violations in other
parts of New York, ultimately preventing accidents and saving lives.

Technology presently exists which will photographically capture vehicles
which exceed the maximum speed limit without the presence of a police
officer. This technology combines speed sensing technology that deter-
mines the speed of a vehicle and captures/records that data by photo-
graphic, micrographic, video tape or other recording system and produces
an image of a motor vehicle at the moment that it exceeds the speed
limit. This image can then be used as evidence in a proceeding to impose
liability on the owner of the vehicle for the speeding violation.

The enactment of this legislation will give the City of Buffalo a great-
er ability to enforce appropriate speeds through school zones, hopefully
saving lives in the process.

 
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

New bill.

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

To be determined.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have
become a law and shall expire 5 years after such effective date when
upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed; and
provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of this
act on its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such date.

2017-S8746 - Bill Text download pdf

                            
 
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   8746
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                               May 10, 2018
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sen. KENNEDY -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
   in relation to establishing in the city  of  Buffalo  a  demonstration
   program  implementing  speed  violation  monitoring  systems in school
   speed zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of
   such provisions upon expiration thereof
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  Subdivision  1  of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read
 as follows:
   1.  Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special
 or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any  city  which
 heretofore  or  hereafter  is  authorized to establish an administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting parking, standing or stopping violations, or  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand  nine, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  or  to  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
 of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets

                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD15911-01-8

 S. 8746                             2
 
 fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane
 restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such
 section,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability of owners for violations of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY
 OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,
 such  tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
 amended  by  chapter  222  of  the  laws  of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  shall adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter  in  accordance  with  such  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a,  sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen
 of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two  thou-
 sand  nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred
 eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of
 toll  collection  regulations  as  defined in and in accordance with the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty  and  shall  adjudicate  liability  of  owners  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for  violations  of  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined in such section and shall adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or
 (g)  of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. Such  tribunal,  except
 in  a  city  with  a  population of one million or more, shall also have
 jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes  of  this
 article,  a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regu-
 lation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing  of
 a  vehicle.  In  addition  for  purposes of this article, "commissioner"
 shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of  the  city  or  an
 official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
 new subdivision 16 to read as follows:
   16.  TO  ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS
 CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAP-
 TER.

 S. 8746                             3
 
   §  4.  Paragraph  f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,  is  amended
 to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to  authorization  set  forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two  of  the
 laws  of  two  thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this
 chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  and  shall
 not  be  deemed  to  include  a  notice  of liability issued pursuant to
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not
 be deemed to include a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  and shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred
 eighty-b  of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER.
   § 5. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an
 allegation of liability in accordance with  section  two  thousand  nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter,  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a  hearing
 examiner  in  accordance  with  rules and regulations promulgated by the
 bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  is
 contested  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter is contested or of a hearing at which  liability  in  accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred  fifty  is
 contested  or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or a hearing at which  liability
 in  accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR A
 HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED

 S. 8746                             4
 
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for
 the making of the record.
   §  6.  Subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to  read
 as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand  nine or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or  in  accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or the record of liabil-
 ities  incurred  in  accordance  with  section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the  record  of
 liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter, or the record of  liabilities  incurred  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR IN THE RECORD
 OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, as applicable prior to rendering a  final  determi-
 nation.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be
 entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau  together
 with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance
 with sections eleven hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter  as  added  by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the
 laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this  chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of  liability
 in  accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to contest an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to  appear  on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or
 fails after a hearing to comply with  the  determination  of  a  hearing
 examiner,  as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the
 bureau, such failure to plead or contest,  appear  or  comply  shall  be
 deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds
 for  rendering  and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by
 the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after  the  expiration
 of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default
 judgment  may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the
 applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
 of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of  the  violation
 charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a
 of  this  chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b

 S. 8746                             5
 
 of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twenty,  twen-
 ty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liabil-
 ity in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
 the   public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty  alleged  or  liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)
 of  the  impending  default  judgment,  (3)  that  such judgment will be
 entered in the Civil Court of the city in  which  the  bureau  has  been
 established,  or  other  court  of civil jurisdiction or any other place
 provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New  York,
 and  (4)  that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen hundred fifty or contesting an
 allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or contesting an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  OR
 CONTESTING  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making  an  appear-
 ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and
 allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
 are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
 judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
 judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  or  contesting an allegation. When a
 person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be  imposed  for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall  make  a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   § 7. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding  a  new  section
 1180-d to read as follows:
   § 1180-D. OWNER  LIABILITY  FOR  FAILURE  OF  OPERATOR  TO COMPLY WITH
 CERTAIN POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1.  NOTWITHSTANDING  ANY  OTHER
 PROVISION  OF LAW, THE CITY OF BUFFALO IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH
 A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE  OWNER  OF  A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM
 SPEED  LIMITS  IN  A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE WITHIN THE CITY (I) WHEN A SCHOOL
 SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPHS ONE AND TWO OF SUBDI-
 VISION (C) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN
 OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),

 S. 8746                             6
 
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE DURING THE
 FOLLOWING TIMES:  (A) ON SCHOOL DAYS DURING SCHOOL HOURS  AND  ONE  HOUR
 BEFORE  AND  ONE  HOUR  AFTER  THE  SCHOOL  DAY, AND (B) A PERIOD DURING
 STUDENT  ACTIVITIES  AT  THE SCHOOL AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY
 BEFORE AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY AFTER  SUCH  STUDENT  ACTIV-
 ITIES.  SUCH  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  SHALL  EMPOWER THE CITY TO INSTALL
 PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS  WITHIN  NO  MORE  THAN  TWENTY
 SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES WITHIN THE CITY AT ANY ONE TIME AND TO OPERATE SUCH
 SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH ZONES (III) WHEN A SCHOOL SPEED LIMIT IS  IN  EFFECT
 AS  PROVIDED  IN  PARAGRAPHS  ONE  AND TWO OF SUBDIVISION (C) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN  OTHER  SPEED  LIMITS
 ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE DURING THE FOLLOWING TIMES: (A) ON
 SCHOOL  DAYS  DURING SCHOOL HOURS AND ONE HOUR BEFORE AND ONE HOUR AFTER
 THE SCHOOL DAY, AND (B) A PERIOD DURING STUDENT ACTIVITIES AT THE SCHOOL
 AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY BEFORE AND  UP  TO  THIRTY  MINUTES
 IMMEDIATELY  AFTER  SUCH STUDENT ACTIVITIES. IN SELECTING A SCHOOL SPEED
 ZONE IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION  MONITORING
 SYSTEM,  THE  CITY SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO
 THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND THE ROADWAY  GEOMETRY  APPLICABLE  TO
 SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE.
   2.  NO  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM SHALL BE USED IN A
 SCHOOL SPEED ZONE UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO BE USED IT HAS SUCCESS-
 FULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNCTIONS; AND (II) IT HAS UNDERGONE  AN
 ANNUAL  CALIBRATION  CHECK  PERFORMED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH FOUR OF THIS
 SUBDIVISION. THE CITY SHALL INSTALL SIGNS GIVING  NOTICE  THAT  A  PHOTO
 SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM  IS IN USE TO BE MOUNTED ON ADVANCE
 WARNING SIGNS NOTIFYING MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS OF SUCH UPCOMING  SCHOOL
 SPEED  ZONE  AND/OR  ON  SPEED LIMIT SIGNS APPLICABLE WITHIN SUCH SCHOOL
 SPEED ZONE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE MUTCD.
   3. OPERATORS OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEMS  SHALL  HAVE
 COMPLETED  TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND OPER-
 ATING SUCH SYSTEMS.  EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN A  DAILY
 SET-UP  LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I) STATES
 THE DATE AND TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM  WAS  SET  UP
 THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND
 THE  SYSTEM  PASSED,  THE  SELF-TESTS  OF SUCH SYSTEM BEFORE PRODUCING A
 RECORDED IMAGE THAT DAY.   THE CITY SHALL RETAIN  EACH  SUCH  DAILY  LOG
 UNTIL  THE LATER OF THE DATE ON WHICH THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE  OR
 THE  FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED
 BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO OR OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES
 PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM.
   4. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU-
 AL  CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION LABORATORY
 WHICH SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION.  THE  CITY  SHALL
 KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL
 RESOLUTION  OF  ALL  CASES INVOLVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED DURING
 SUCH YEAR WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEM.
   5. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
 TO  ENSURE,  TO  THE  EXTENT  PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO  SPEED
 VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV-

 S. 8746                             7
 
 ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH,  MICROPHOTOGRAPH,  VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE
 PASSENGERS,  OR  THE  CONTENTS  OF VEHICLES WHERE THE CITY SHOWS THAT IT
 MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS  PARAGRAPH
 IN SUCH CASE.
   (II)  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL  BE  FOR  THE
 EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE CITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE
 OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE DESTROYED BY THE
 CITY UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO WHICH  SUCH
 PHOTOGRAPHS,   MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES
 RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE  OF  SUCH  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY,  WHICHEVER  IS LATER.   NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY
 OTHER LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGE  FROM  A PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT
 TO CIVIL OR CRIMINAL PROCESS OR DISCOVERY, NOR  USED  BY  ANY  COURT  OR
 ADMINISTRATIVE  OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING THEREIN
 EXCEPT THAT WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR  THE  ADJUDICATION  OF  A  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION,  AND NO PUBLIC ENTITY OR
 EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT  THEREOF  SHALL  DISCLOSE  SUCH  INFORMATION,
 EXCEPT  THAT  SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS:
   (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
 OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND
   (B)  (1)  SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH WARRANT ISSUED
 BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
 SIX HUNDRED NINETY OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE  LAW  OR  A  FEDERAL  COURT
 AUTHORIZED  TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE SUCH
 SEARCH WARRANT STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE  CAUSE  TO  BELIEVE  SUCH
 INFORMATION  CONSTITUTES  EVIDENCE  OF,  OR TENDS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT, A
 MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE WAS COMMITTED IN  THIS  STATE  OR  ANOTHER
 STATE,  OR  THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION OF A
 MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE,  PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
 COURT  SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A  MISDEMEANOR  OR  FELONY
 AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND
   (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
 A  JUDGE  OF  COMPETENT  JURISDICTION AND ISSUED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX
 HUNDRED TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF  A
 FEDERAL  COURT  AUTHORIZED  TO  ISSUE  SUCH A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM UNDER
 FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
 REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
 THE PROSECUTION, OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY  AN  AUTHORIZED
 LAW  ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR OR
 FELONY IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT  IF  SUCH
 OFFENSE  WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE
 SHALL ONLY ISSUE SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT  COMPRISING  SUCH  OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
 THIS STATE; AND

 S. 8746                             8
 
   (3)  MAY,  IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND CLAUSE (A)
 OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH  CRIMINAL
 ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
   (B)  IF THE CITY OF BUFFALO ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSU-
 ANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL  BE
 LIABLE  FOR  A  PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE
 WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH  THE  PERMISSION  OF  THE  OWNER,  EXPRESS  OR
 IMPLIED,  WITHIN  A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR
 DURING THE TIMES AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS  SECTION
 IN  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAVELING AT A SPEED OF
 MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE  POSTED  SPEED  LIMIT  IN  EFFECT
 WITHIN SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFOR-
 MATION OBTAINED FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED
 HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED
 PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN
 CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (C)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD"  SHALL  MEAN
 THE  MANUAL  AND  SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL
 DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER  OF  TRANSPORTATION  PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
   2.  "OWNER"  SHALL  HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS
 CHAPTER;
   3. "PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEM"  SHALL  MEAN  A  VEHICLE
 SENSOR  INSTALLED  TO  WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SPEED MEASURING DEVICE
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE
 TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN A  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE  IN  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS ARTICLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION; AND
   4. "SCHOOL SPEED ZONE" SHALL MEAN A DISTANCE NOT TO EXCEED  ONE  THOU-
 SAND  THREE  HUNDRED TWENTY FEET ON A HIGHWAY PASSING A SCHOOL BUILDING,
 ENTRANCE OR EXIT OF A SCHOOL ABUTTING ON THE HIGHWAY.
   (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A  TECHNICIAN  EMPLOYED  BY
 THE  CITY  OF  BUFFALO, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF
 PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED   IMAGES
 PRODUCED  BY  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, SHALL BE PRIMA
 FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES  EVIDENCING  SUCH A
 VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE
 REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY  OBJECT  NEAR
 THE  MOTOR  VEHICLE  AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION REASONABLY IN
 ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY  FOR  SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E)  AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  A
 DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND
 PENALTIES TO BE PROMULGATED BY THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE CITY
 OF BUFFALO.  THE LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION  SHALL
 NOT  EXCEED  FIFTY  DOLLARS  FOR EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT
 SUCH PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU MAY PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT

 S. 8746                             9
 
 IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE  FAILURE  TO
 RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB-
 LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION  AS  AN
 OPERATOR  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  MADE  PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE
 PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR
 INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN  FOURTEEN  BUSINESS  DAYS  IF  SUCH
 OWNER IS A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF
 SUCH  OWNER  IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT
 BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF  MAILING  PREPARED  IN  THE
 ORDINARY  COURSE  OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OF  THE
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION  NUMBER  OF  THE  VEHICLE
 INVOLVED  IN  SUCH  VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK
 PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF
 THE CAMERA WHICH  RECORDED  THE  VIOLATION  OR  OTHER  DOCUMENT  LOCATOR
 NUMBER,  AT  LEAST  TWO  DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE
 MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY  OBJECT  NEAR  THE  MOTOR
 VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY.
   3.  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
 THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
 CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO
 CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION  OF
 LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE CITY OF
 BUFFALO,  OR  BY  ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND
 MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS  SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE CITY OF BUFFALO PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE
 OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS  REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  DEPARTMENT  AS
 HAVING  BEEN  STOLEN,  IT  SHALL  BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
 THAT THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD  BEEN
 REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  AS  STOLEN  PRIOR  TO  THE TIME THE VIOLATION
 OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN  RECOVERED  BY  SUCH  TIME.  FOR  PURPOSES  OF
 ASSERTING  THE  DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
 CIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE  STOLEN  VEHICLE
 OR NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO
 THE  CITY  OF  BUFFALO  PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY
 AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (J) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS  SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE CITY OF BUFFALO PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (K)  1.  AN  OWNER  WHO  IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS  SECTION  SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)

 S. 8746                            10
 
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION, PROVIDED THAT:
   (I)  PRIOR  TO  THE  VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH SUCH PARKING
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  SECTION  TWO
 HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (II)  WITHIN  THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM SUCH DIVI-
 SION OF THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFOR-
 MATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS
 TO SUCH DIVISION THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHI-
 CLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION,
 TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL,
 LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY  SUCH
 DIVISION  PURSUANT  TO  REGULATIONS  THAT  MAY  BE  PROMULGATED FOR SUCH
 PURPOSE.
   2. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF PARAGRAPH ONE  OF  THIS
 SUBDIVISION  SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN
 THIS SECTION.
   3. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH  ONE  OF
 THIS  SUBDIVISION,  THE  LESSEE  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  ON  THE DATE OF SUCH
 VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE  FOR  PURPOSES
 OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSU-
 ANT  TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION (I) OF THIS SECTION.
   (L) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C)  OR  (D)
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION WAS NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE
 VIOLATION,  THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF  A
 VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME  SUCH  OPERATOR  OPERATED  SUCH
 VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION
 THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER-
 ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT  THE  TIME  OF  SUCH
 OPERATOR  OPERATED  SUCH  VEHICLE  IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (M) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE  LIABILITY
 OF  AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (N) IF THE CITY ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
 (A) OF THIS SECTION IT SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON  THE
 RESULTS OF THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRES-
 IDENT  OF  THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY. SUCH REPORT SHALL
 INCLUDE:
   1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND  SEVERITY  OF  CRASHES,  FATALITIES,
 INJURIES  AND  PROPERTY  DAMAGE  REPORTED  WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY, TO THE EXTENT THE  INFORMATION  IS  MAINTAINED  BY  THE
 DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   3.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER,  TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES  WHERE
 PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE

 S. 8746                            11
 
 INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR  VEHICLES  OF  THIS
 STATE;
   4.  THE  NUMBER  OF  VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  EACH  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE
 WHERE  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED, IN THE AGGRE-
 GATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   6. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  ALL  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY THAT WERE:
   (I)  MORE  THAN  TEN  BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   7. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  EACH  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE
 WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED THAT WERE:
   (I)  MORE  THAN  TEN  BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   8. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  FOR  VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   9.  THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE FIRST
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU-
 DICATIONS INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR  VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   11.  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT  OF REVENUE REALIZED BY THE CITY IN CONNECTION
 WITH THE PROGRAM;
   12. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE CITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE  PROGRAM;
 AND
   13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS.
   (O) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEM  WAS  MALFUNCTIONING  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE  ALLEGED
 VIOLATION.
   § 8. The opening paragraph and  paragraph  (c)  of  subdivision  1  of
 section  1809  of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chapter 222
 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of  this
 state  result  in  a  conviction  for an offense under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
 or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, or  parking  or  violations  by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred

 S. 8746                            12

 eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an  adjudication  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of
 a bus lane restriction as defined in such  section,  or  other  than  an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
 dication  of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of
 this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assist-
 ance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required
 or permitted by law, in accordance with the following schedule:
   (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a  court  of
 this  state  result  in  a  conviction for an offense under this chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
 chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter,  or  a  local  law,
 ordinance,  rule  or  regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other
 than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping,  or  parking  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-a of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  infraction  pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
 an  adjudication  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
 this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a  violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF
 LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)
 OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE

 S. 8746                            13
 
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there  shall  be
 levied a crime victim assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a
 mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted
 by law, in the amount of fifty-five dollars.
   § 9. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and
 traffic  law,  as amended by chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  and
 except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter of a violation of a  bus  lane  restriction  as
 defined  in  such section, and except an adjudication of liability of an
 owner for a violation of subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
 or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-c of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection
 regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the   public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied in  addition  to
 any  sentence,  penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law,
 an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   § 10. Subdivision 2 of section  87  of  the  public  officers  law  is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (p) to read as follows:
   (P)  ARE  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D
 OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   §  11.  The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program
 pursuant to section 1180-d of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law  shall  be
 subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law.
   §  12.  This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
 have become a law and shall expire 5 years  after  such  effective  date
 when upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed;
 and  provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of
 this act on its effective date shall be promulgated on  or  before  such
 effective date, provided that:

 S. 8746                            14
 
   (a)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith;
   (b)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith;
   (c) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section  239  of
 the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section four of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
 therewith;
   (d)  the  amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  five  of  this  act
 shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
 to expire therewith;
   (e) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith;
   (f) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section eight of this act shall not affect the expi-
 ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith; and
   (g) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of  section  1809-e
 of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section nine of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire therewith.

co-Sponsors

2017-S8746A (ACTIVE) - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A10810
Current Committee:: Senate Transportation
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §§235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 1809, 1809-e & 401, add §1180-d, V & T L; amd §87, Pub Off L
Versions Introduced in 2019-2020 Legislative Session:: S231, A951

2017-S8746A (ACTIVE) - Summary

Establishes in the city of Buffalo a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in school speed zones by means of photo devices.

2017-S8746A (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                
 
BILL NUMBER: S8746A

SPONSOR: KENNEDY
 
TITLE OF BILL:  An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the
public officers law, in relation to establishing in the city of Buffalo
a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems
in school speed zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the
repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Section 1 and its subsections amend multiple parts of section 235 of the
vehicle and traffic law to include the ability to adjudicate the liabil-
ity of owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this
chapter in accordance with said chapter.

Section 2 and its subsections amend multiple parts of section 236 of the
vehicle and traffic law to include the ability to adjudicate the liabil-
ity of owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this
chapter in accordance with said chapter.

Section 3 amends section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law to include

the ability to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with said
chapter.

Section 4 and its subsections amend paragraph f of subdivision 1 of
section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law to state that a notice of
liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
chapter shall not be included in the definition of "notice of
violation".

Section 5 and its subsections amend subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law to reference allegations of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter.

Section 6 and its subsections amend paragraphs a and g of section 240 of
the vehicle and traffic law to reference allegations of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter.

Section 7 and its subsections amend subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241
of the vehicle and traffic law to reference allegations of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter.

Section 8 amends the vehicle and traffic law to include section 1180-d,
titled "owner liability for failure of operator to comply with certain
posted maximum speed limits". This authorizes the City of Buffalo to
establish a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the
owners of motor vehicles found to be in violation of the maximum school
speed limit in Buffalo through the use of a speed limit photo device
which combines speed sensing technology which determines the speed of a
vehicle and captures/records that data by photographic, micro-graphic,
video tape or other recording system and produces an image of a motor
vehicle at the moment that it exceeds the speed limit. Buffalo will be
authorized to operate cameras in no more than twenty school zones at any
one time during any year of the program. Such speed limit photo devices
may be stationary or mobile and shall be activated at locations selected
by such city.

Section 9 and its subsections amend sections of subdivision 1 of section
1809 of the vehicle and traffic law to reference an adjudication of
liability of an owner in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
of this chapter.

Section 10 and its subsections amend paragraph a of subdivision 1 of
section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law to except an adjudication
of liability of an owner in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-d of this chapter in multiple places.

Section 11 and its subsections amend sections of subdivision 5-a of
section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law to reference liability of the
registrant in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this
chapter.

Section 12 and its subsections amend subdivision 2 of section 87 of the
public officers law to include photographs, microphotographs, videotape,
or other recorded images prepared under the authority section eleven
hundred eighty-d of vehicle and traffic law as acceptable evidence.

Section 13 states that the purchase or lease of equipment for a demon-
stration program shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of
the general municipal law.

Section 14 is the enacting clause.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Speeding motorists are a pervasive problem in some areas of the City of
Buffalo. Speed violations are often a significant factor in accidents,
which may result in death or injury to motorists and pedestrians. Speed-
ing motorists are especially an issue in school zones, where children
and families are vulnerable to distracted, speeding drivers. According
to Safe Kids Worldwide, in the United States there has been a 13%
increase in the pedestrian death rate for 12-19 year olds since 2013.

Under the present provisions of law, a police officer must be present at
the scene of a speeding violation to observe the violation and serve the
operator of the vehicle with a summons. There are of course not a suffi-
cient number of police officers to observe every speeding violation. In
fact, a motorist can rely on the odds that a speeding violation will not
be detected.

Therefore, the purpose of this legislation is to develop a system which
will supplement the police effort by using recent technology to record
speeding violations on film or other recording devices. The program will
operate in the same manner as the Red Light Camera Program, which has
successfully reduced the incidence of red light violations in other
parts of New York, ultimately preventing accidents and saving lives.

Technology presently exists which will photographically capture vehicles
which exceed the maximum speed limit without the presence of a police
officer. This technology combines speed sensing technology that deter-
mines the speed of a vehicle and captures/records that data by photo-
graphic, micrographic, video tape or other recording system and produces
an image of a motor vehicle at the moment that it exceeds the speed
limit. This image can then be used as evidence in a proceeding to impose
liability on the owner of the vehicle for the speeding violation.
The enactment of this legislation will give the City of Buffalo a great-
er ability to enforce appropriate speeds through school zones, hopefully
saving lives in the process.

 
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

New bill.

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

To be determined.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have
become a law and shall expire 5 years after such effective date when
upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed; and
provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of this
act on its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such date.

2017-S8746A (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                            
 
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  8746--A
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                               May 10, 2018
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sen. KENNEDY -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation --  commit-
   tee  discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recom-
   mitted to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
   in relation to establishing in the city  of  Buffalo  a  demonstration
   program  implementing  speed  violation  monitoring  systems in school
   speed zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of
   such provisions upon expiration thereof
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  Subdivision  1  of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 1 of chapter 222 of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special
 or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any  city  which
 heretofore  or  hereafter  is  authorized to establish an administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting parking, standing or stopping violations, or  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand  nine, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  or  to  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets

                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD15911-02-8

 S. 8746--A                          2
 
 public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
 of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane
 restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such
 section, or to adjudicate the liability  of  owners  for  violations  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY
 OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS  CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,
 such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-a.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 section 1-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this  chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine,  or  to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accord-
 ance  with  the  provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for  violations  of  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined  in  such  section, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or
 (g)  of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE
 LIABILITY  OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the
 rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-b.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 section 1-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to

 S. 8746--A                          3
 
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen  of  chapters  twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of
 two thousand  nine,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
 sion (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as
 defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand
 nine hundred eighty-five of the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of  the  laws  of  nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of
 owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section,
 or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,
 such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-c.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 section 1-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accord-
 ance  with  the  provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for  violations  of  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined  in  such  section, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or
 (g)  of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE
 LIABILITY  OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the
 rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.

 S. 8746--A                          4

   §  1-d.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 section 1-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accord-
 ance  with  the  provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners for violations of
 subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this  chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,
 such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-e.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 section 1-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accord-
 ance  with  the  provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,  such  tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations
 pertaining  thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with
 the following sections.
   § 1-f. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-f  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an

 S. 8746--A                          5
 
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of toll collection regulations  as  defined  in
 and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of section two thousand nine
 hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law   and   sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF
 OWNERS  FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and
 regulations pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in  substantial
 conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-g.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of  the  laws
 of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of toll collection
 regulations as defined in and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJU-
 DICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  such
 tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations  pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
 amended  by  section 2 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  shall adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter  in  accordance  with  such  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a,  sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen
 of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two  thou-
 sand  nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred
 eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of
 toll  collection  regulations  as  defined in and in accordance with the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred

 S. 8746--A                          6
 
 fifty  and  shall  adjudicate  liability  of  owners  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for  violations  of  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined in such section and shall adjudicate the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY  OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. Such tribunal, except
 in a city with a population of one million  or  more,  shall  also  have
 jurisdiction  of  abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this
 article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or  regu-
 lation  providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of
 a vehicle. In addition for  purposes  of  this  article,  "commissioner"
 shall  mean  and  include  the commissioner of traffic of the city or an
 official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivisions  (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with such sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of  chapters  twenty,  twenty-one,
 and  twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand nine or section eleven
 hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e; and  shall  adjudi-
 cate  liability  of  owners  in  accordance  with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter for violations  of  bus  lane  restrictions  as
 defined  in  such  section  and shall adjudicate liability of owners for
 violations of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER.   For the  purposes  of  this  article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  shall adjudicate

 S. 8746--A                          7
 
 liability of owners in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c
 of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in
 such  section;  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners   for
 violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter; AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS
 FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEV-
 EN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this  article,  a
 parking  violation  is  the  violation  of  any  law, rule or regulation
 providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehi-
 cle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean
 and include the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official
 possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of traffic infractions which constitute a parking  violation  and  shall
 adjudicate  the  liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  AND
 SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER.
 For  the  purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation
 of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of traffic infractions which constitute a parking  violation  AND  SHALL
 ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER.    For
 the  purposes  of  this article, a parking violation is the violation of
 any law, rule or regulation providing for  or  regulating  the  parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:

 S. 8746--A                          8
 
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of  traffic  infractions  which constitute a parking violation AND SHALL
 ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. For the
 purposes  of  this  article, a parking violation is the violation of any
 law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,  stop-
 ping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article,
 "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the
 city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation AND SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR
 VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
 new subdivision 16 to read as follows:
   16. TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVI-
 SION  (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS
 CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAP-
 TER.
   § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of  the  vehicle  and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to  authorization  set  forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two  of  the
 laws  of  two  thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this
 chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  and  shall
 not  be  deemed  to  include  a  notice  of liability issued pursuant to
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not
 be deemed to include a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  and shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred
 eighty-b  of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER.

 S. 8746--A                          9
 
   §  4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-a of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization  set  forth  in  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this  chapter  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability  issued
 pursuant  to  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall
 not be deemed to include  a  notice  of  liability  issued  pursuant  to
 section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED
 TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-b of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and  shall  not
 be  deemed  to  include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter  and  shall  not  be  deemed  to
 include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS
 CHAPTER.
   § 4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
 forth  in  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and shall not
 be deemed to include a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO
 INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-d of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter AND  SHALL  NOT
 BE  DEEMED  TO  INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.

 S. 8746--A                         10
 
   § 4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED
 PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended to
 read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article AND
 SHALL  NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  amended  by  section 5 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters  a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of
 two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter, for a violation of
 subdivision (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section  contests
 such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
 provisions  of  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
 on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
 form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
 director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
 or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any
 subsequent  adjourned  date,  shall be deemed an admission of liability,
 and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters  twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of
 two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter or an allegation of

 S. 8746--A                         11
 
 liability in accordance with section two thousand nine  hundred  eighty-
 five  of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  OR  AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion
 and  a  hearing  upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been
 held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty  to  that
 person prior to the date of the hearing.
   §  5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5-a of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter,  or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in accordance with the
 provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests
 such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
 provisions of section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  for
 violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,  OR  A  PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
 on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
 form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
 director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
 or  contesting  that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any
 subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an  admission  of  liability,
 and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws  of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or  an  allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person in a timely fashion and  a  hearing  upon  the  merits  has  been
 demanded,  but  has  not  yet  been held, the bureau shall not issue any
 notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the  hear-
 ing.

 S. 8746--A                         12
 
   §  5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5-b of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in
 accordance with the provisions of section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  for  a  violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in
 such section, contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,
 OR  A  PERSON  ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall  advise  such
 person  personally  by such form of first class mail as the director may
 direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer  the  charge
 at  a  hearing.  The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be
 prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning  to  advise  the
 person  so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on
 any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission  of  liabil-
 ity, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person  in  a  timely  fashion  and  a  hearing upon the merits has been
 demanded, but has not yet been held, the  bureau  shall  not  issue  any
 notice  of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hear-
 ing.
   § 5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
 en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A  PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
 on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
 form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
 director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
 that  failure  to  appear  on  the date designated, or on any subsequent

 S. 8746--A                         13
 
 adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability,  and  that  a
 default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,  or
 the  bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or the bureau
 has been notified that an allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hear-
 ing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the
 bureau shall not issue any notice of fine  or  penalty  to  that  person
 prior to the date of the hearing.
   §  5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5-d of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle-
 gation, OR A  PERSON  ALLEGED  TO  BE  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE
 PROVISIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau
 shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail  as
 the  director  may  direct of the date on which he or she must appear to
 answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such  notice  of
 hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
 to  advise  the  person  so  pleading that failure to appear on the date
 designated, or on any subsequent adjourned  date,  shall  be  deemed  an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,  is
 being  contested,  or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a
 timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but  has
 not  yet  been  held,  the  bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or
 penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH  THE  PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the
 bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of  first  class
 mail  as  the  director  may  direct of the date on which he or she must

 S. 8746--A                         14
 
 appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content  of  such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter,  OR
 AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person  in  a  timely
 fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
 been  held,  the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
 that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, and
 subdivision 1-a as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
 to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D  OF
 THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION,
 the bureau shall advise such person personally by  such  form  of  first
 class  mail  as  the  director  may  direct of the date on which he must
 appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content  of  such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IS
 BEING  CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the
 merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,  the  bureau  shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and  traffic  law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an
 allegation of liability in accordance with  section  two  thousand  nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter,  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a  hearing

 S. 8746--A                         15
 
 examiner  in  accordance  with  rules and regulations promulgated by the
 bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter is
 contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this
 chapter  is  contested  or of a hearing at which liability in accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities law or sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred fifty is
 contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with  section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liabil-
 ity  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be
 used for the making of the record.
   § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-a of  chapter  222  of  the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an
 allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  shall  be  held  before  a hearing examiner in accordance with
 rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance with  sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this chapter or OF a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A  HEAR-
 ING  AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for  the
 making of the record.
   § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-b of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this
 chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  OR  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN

 S. 8746--A                         16
 
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be
 held  before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or of a hear-
 ing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this chapter or OF a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A  HEAR-
 ING  AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested.  Recording devices may be used for the
 making of the record.
   § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-c of  chapter  222  of  the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
 chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner
 in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or OF a hear-
 ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter  OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is  contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-d of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules
 and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter is contested or a hearing at which liability in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR A
 HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for
 the making of the record.
   § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-e of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  shall  be  held

 S. 8746--A                         17
 
 before  a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with rules and regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is  contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, are
 amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  shall  be held before a hearing examiner in
 accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  OR  A
 HEARING  AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  Recording devices may be used for the  making
 of the record.
   §  7.  Subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7 of chapter 222 of the  laws  of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand  nine or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or  in  accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or the record of liabil-
 ities  incurred  in  accordance  with  section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the  record  of
 liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter, or the record of  liabilities  incurred  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR IN THE RECORD
 OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF  THE  PERSON  CHARGED,  as  applicable  prior  to
 rendering  a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or
 dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll  main-
 tained  by  the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay-
 ment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two  of  the
 laws  of  two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of  the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with

 S. 8746--A                         18
 
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to  contest  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to  appear  on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or
 fails after a hearing to comply with  the  determination  of  a  hearing
 examiner,  as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the
 bureau, such failure to plead or contest,  appear  or  comply  shall  be
 deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds
 for  rendering  and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by
 the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after  the  expiration
 of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default
 judgment  may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the
 applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
 of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of  the  violation
 charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a
 of  this  chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b
 of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twenty,  twen-
 ty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or  liabil-
 ity  in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty alleged or liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or
 contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty  or  contesting  an
 allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter OR
 CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appear-
 ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and
 allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time

 S. 8746--A                         19
 
 prescribed for entering a plea  or  contesting  an  allegation.  When  a
 person  has  demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall  make  a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   § 7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  amended by section 7-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine  either
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with sections eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand  nine or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged,
 or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,  OR
 THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON  CHARGED,  as  applicable
 prior to rendering a final determination.  Final determinations sustain-
 ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
 maintained  by  the  bureau  together  with  records showing payment and
 nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with sections eleven hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter  as  added  by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the
 laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter,  or
 fails  to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST  AN
 ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to  appear  on  a  designated
 hearing  date  or  subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to
 comply with the determination of a hearing examiner,  as  prescribed  by
 this  article  or  by  rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to
 plead, contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all  purposes,  an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the  violation  charged,
 or liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter,  as  added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one,
 and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter  or  liability

 S. 8746--A                         20
 
 in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter
 alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that
 such  judgment  will  be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which
 the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or
 any other place provided for the entry of  civil  judgments  within  the
 state  of  New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a
 plea or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of
 two  thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this chapter, or contesting an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropri-
 ate, or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending  of  such
 notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall
 be  in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional
 penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall  not  be
 required  prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera-
 tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of  New  York.  In  no
 case  shall  a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice
 of impending default judgment be sent, more than  two  years  after  the
 expiration  of  the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an
 allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  amended by section 7-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the  person  charged,
 or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities  incurred
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR
 THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable,
 prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations  sustain-
 ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
 maintained  by  the  bureau  together  with  records showing payment and
 nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this  chapter,  or  contest  an
 allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter,  or

 S. 8746--A                         21
 
 fails  to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST  AN
 ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead,  appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission
 of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering  a  default
 judgment  in  an  amount  provided  by  the rules and regulations of the
 bureau. However, after the expiration of the  original  date  prescribed
 for  entering  a  plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in
 such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of  law
 notify  such  operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the
 commission may direct; (1) of the violation  charged,  or  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
 chapter,  or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or alleged liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR ALLEGED LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGA-
 TION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF
 THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of  the  sending
 of  such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner
 prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
 are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
 judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
 judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
 prescribed  for  entering a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing,
 no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding
 of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make  a  determination  on
 the  charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty
 or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  amended by section 7-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine  either
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
 chapter  of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  of  the

 S. 8746--A                         22
 
 person  charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  OR  THE  RECORD  OF
 LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering
 a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau together with records showing payment and  nonpayment  of  penal-
 ties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an alle-
 gation  of  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability  incurred
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR
 FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a
 designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or  fails  after  a
 hearing  to  comply  with  the  determination  of a hearing examiner, as
 prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau,  such
 failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eighty-b  of  this  chapter  alleged,  OR  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance
 within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas  entered  within
 that  period  shall  be  in  the manner prescribed in the notice and not
 subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of  impending  default
 judgment  shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof
 in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of
 New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be  rendered  or,  where
 required,  a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two
 years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering  a  plea.
 When  a  person  has  demanded  a  hearing,  no fine or penalty shall be
 imposed for any reason, prior to the holding  of  the  hearing.  If  the
 hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining
 them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those  upon  which
 the person was originally charged.

 S. 8746--A                         23
 
   §  7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7-d of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities  incurred  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the
 person charged OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED,
 as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.  Final determi-
 nations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be  entered  on  a  final
 determination  roll maintained by the bureau together with records show-
 ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an alle-
 gation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d
 of  this  chapter  OR  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION  OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
 fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
 examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
 bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
 purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering
 and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
 regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
 date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending
 default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
 Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
 court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
 civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
 be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation  of  liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 or  making  an  appearance  within  thirty  days  of the sending of such
 notice.   Pleas entered within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
 prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no
 fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of

 S. 8746--A                         24
 
 the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination  on  the
 charges,  sustaining  them,  he  shall impose no greater penalty or fine
 than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   §  7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7-e of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that  the  charges  have been sustained he or she may examine the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  of  the
 person  charged OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE  PERSON  CHARGED,
 as  applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determi-
 nations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be  entered  on  a  final
 determination  roll maintained by the bureau together with records show-
 ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLE-
 GATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date
 or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the
 determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by
 rule  or  regulation  of  the  bureau,  such failure to plead, appear or
 comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability  and
 shall  be  grounds  for  rendering and entering a default judgment in an
 amount provided by the rules and regulations  of  the  bureau.  However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and  before  a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau
 shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such  operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1)  of  the  violation  charged or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER or
 making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of  such  notice.
 Pleas  entered  within  that period shall be in the manner prescribed in
 the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice  of
 impending  default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering
 and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who  are  non-resi-
 dents  of  the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be
 rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default  judgment  be
 sent,  more  than  two years after the expiration of the time prescribed
 for entering a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing, no  fine  or
 penalty  shall  be  imposed  for any reason, prior to the holding of the
 hearing. If the hearing examiner  shall  make  a  determination  on  the
 charges,  sustaining  them,  he  shall impose no greater penalty or fine
 than those upon which the person was originally charged.

 S. 8746--A                         25

   § 7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  subdivision  1  as  added  by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, and
 subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
 to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that  the  charges  have  been sustained he may examine the prior
 parking violations record OR  THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES  INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER of the
 person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a final determination.
 Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall  be  entered
 on  a  final  determination  roll maintained by the bureau together with
 records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  OR  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
 fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
 examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
 bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
 purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering
 and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
 regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
 date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR
 LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS
 CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment,  (3)  that  such
 judgment  will  be  entered  in the Civil Court of the city in which the
 bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any
 other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within  the  state
 of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea OR
 CONTESTING  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance  within  thirty
 days  of  the  sending  of such notice. Pleas entered within that period
 shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi-
 tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default  judgment  shall
 not  be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of
 operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New  York.  In
 no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be rendered or, where required, a
 notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years  after
 the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea. When a person
 has  demanded  a  hearing,  no  fine or penalty shall be imposed for any
 reason, prior to the holding of the hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner
 shall  make  a  determination  on the charges, sustaining them, he shall
 impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the  person  was
 originally charged.
   §  8.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 1180-d to read as follows:
   § 1180-D. OWNER LIABILITY FOR  FAILURE  OF  OPERATOR  TO  COMPLY  WITH
 CERTAIN  POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, THE CITY OF BUFFALO IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO  ESTABLISH
 A  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM
 SPEED LIMITS IN A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE WITHIN THE CITY (I)  WHEN  A  SCHOOL

 S. 8746--A                         26
 
 SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPHS ONE AND TWO OF SUBDI-
 VISION (C) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN
 OTHER  SPEED  LIMITS  ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE DURING THE
 FOLLOWING TIMES:  (A) ON SCHOOL DAYS DURING SCHOOL HOURS  AND  ONE  HOUR
 BEFORE  AND  ONE  HOUR  AFTER  THE  SCHOOL  DAY, AND (B) A PERIOD DURING
 STUDENT ACTIVITIES AT THE SCHOOL AND UP TO  THIRTY  MINUTES  IMMEDIATELY
 BEFORE  AND  UP  TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY AFTER SUCH STUDENT ACTIV-
 ITIES. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL  EMPOWER  THE  CITY  TO  INSTALL
 PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEMS  WITHIN NO MORE THAN TWENTY
 SCHOOL SPEED ZONES WITHIN THE CITY AT ANY ONE TIME AND TO  OPERATE  SUCH
 SYSTEMS  WITHIN  SUCH ZONES (III) WHEN A SCHOOL SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT
 AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPHS ONE AND TWO  OF  SUBDIVISION  (C)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS
 ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE DURING THE FOLLOWING TIMES: (A) ON
 SCHOOL DAYS DURING SCHOOL HOURS AND ONE HOUR BEFORE AND ONE  HOUR  AFTER
 THE SCHOOL DAY, AND (B) A PERIOD DURING STUDENT ACTIVITIES AT THE SCHOOL
 AND  UP  TO  THIRTY  MINUTES IMMEDIATELY BEFORE AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES
 IMMEDIATELY AFTER SUCH STUDENT ACTIVITIES. IN SELECTING A  SCHOOL  SPEED
 ZONE  IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEM, THE CITY SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT  LIMITED  TO
 THE  SPEED  DATA,  CRASH HISTORY, AND THE ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO
 SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE.
   2. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEM  SHALL  BE  USED  IN  A
 SCHOOL SPEED ZONE UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO BE USED IT HAS SUCCESS-
 FULLY  PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNCTIONS; AND (II) IT HAS UNDERGONE AN
 ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH  FOUR  OF  THIS
 SUBDIVISION.  THE  CITY  SHALL  INSTALL SIGNS GIVING NOTICE THAT A PHOTO
 SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS IN USE TO  BE  MOUNTED  ON  ADVANCE
 WARNING  SIGNS NOTIFYING MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS OF SUCH UPCOMING SCHOOL
 SPEED ZONE AND/OR ON SPEED LIMIT SIGNS  APPLICABLE  WITHIN  SUCH  SCHOOL
 SPEED ZONE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE MUTCD.
   3.  OPERATORS  OF  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL HAVE
 COMPLETED TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND  OPER-
 ATING  SUCH SYSTEMS.  EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN A DAILY
 SET-UP LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I)  STATES
 THE  DATE  AND  TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM WAS SET UP
 THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND
 THE SYSTEM PASSED, THE SELF-TESTS OF  SUCH  SYSTEM  BEFORE  PRODUCING  A
 RECORDED  IMAGE  THAT  DAY.    THE CITY SHALL RETAIN EACH SUCH DAILY LOG
 UNTIL THE LATER OF THE DATE ON WHICH THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION  MONITOR-
 ING  SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE OR
 THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY  ISSUED
 BASED  ON  PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES
 PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM.
   4. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU-
 AL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION  LABORATORY
 WHICH  SHALL  ISSUE  A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. THE CITY SHALL
 KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL
 RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  DURING
 SUCH  YEAR  WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEM.
   5. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
 TO ENSURE, TO THE  EXTENT  PRACTICABLE,  THAT  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-

 S. 8746--A                         27
 
 GRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY  THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV-
 ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 DISMISSED  SOLELY  BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH, MICROPHOTOGRAPH, VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE
 PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE  CITY  SHOWS  THAT  IT
 MADE  REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH
 IN SUCH CASE.
   (II) PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGE  FROM  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE FOR THE
 EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE CITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE
 OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND SHALL  BE  DESTROYED  BY  THE
 CITY  UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO WHICH SUCH
 PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED   IMAGES
 RELATE,  OR  ONE  YEAR  FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF SUCH NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY, WHICHEVER IS LATER.   NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS  OF  ANY
 OTHER  LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGE  FROM  A  PHOTO  SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT
 TO  CIVIL  OR  CRIMINAL  PROCESS  OR DISCOVERY, NOR USED BY ANY COURT OR
 ADMINISTRATIVE OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING  THEREIN
 EXCEPT  THAT  WHICH  IS  NECESSARY  FOR  THE ADJUDICATION OF A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION,  AND  NO  PUBLIC  ENTITY  OR
 EMPLOYEE,  OFFICER  OR  AGENT  THEREOF  SHALL DISCLOSE SUCH INFORMATION,
 EXCEPT THAT SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS:
   (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE  OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
 OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND
   (B) (1) SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH  WARRANT  ISSUED
 BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
 SIX  HUNDRED  NINETY  OF  THE  CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A FEDERAL COURT
 AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE  SUCH
 SEARCH  WARRANT  STATES  THAT  THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH
 INFORMATION CONSTITUTES EVIDENCE OF, OR TENDS  TO  DEMONSTRATE  THAT,  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR  FELONY  OFFENSE  WAS COMMITTED IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER
 STATE, OR THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION  OF  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
 COURT SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH  OFFENSE
 WOULD,  IF  OCCURRING  IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY
 AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND
   (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
 A JUDGE OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION AND ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  ARTICLE  SIX
 HUNDRED  TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF A
 FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH  A  SUBPOENA  DUCES  TECUM  UNDER
 FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
 REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
 THE  PROSECUTION,  OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED
 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR  OR
 FELONY  IN  THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH
 OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR  MAGISTRATE
 SHALL  ONLY  ISSUE  SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE

 S. 8746--A                         28
 
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
 THIS STATE; AND
   (3)  MAY,  IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND CLAUSE (A)
 OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH  CRIMINAL
 ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
   (B)  IF THE CITY OF BUFFALO ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSU-
 ANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL  BE
 LIABLE  FOR  A  PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE
 WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH  THE  PERMISSION  OF  THE  OWNER,  EXPRESS  OR
 IMPLIED,  WITHIN  A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR
 DURING THE TIMES AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS  SECTION
 IN  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAVELING AT A SPEED OF
 MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE  POSTED  SPEED  LIMIT  IN  EFFECT
 WITHIN SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFOR-
 MATION OBTAINED FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED
 HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED
 PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN
 CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (C)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD"  SHALL  MEAN
 THE  MANUAL  AND  SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL
 DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER  OF  TRANSPORTATION  PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
   2.  "OWNER"  SHALL  HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS
 CHAPTER;
   3. "PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEM"  SHALL  MEAN  A  VEHICLE
 SENSOR  INSTALLED  TO  WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SPEED MEASURING DEVICE
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE
 TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN A  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE  IN  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS ARTICLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION; AND
   4. "SCHOOL SPEED ZONE" SHALL MEAN A DISTANCE NOT TO EXCEED  ONE  THOU-
 SAND  THREE  HUNDRED TWENTY FEET ON A HIGHWAY PASSING A SCHOOL BUILDING,
 ENTRANCE OR EXIT OF A SCHOOL ABUTTING ON THE HIGHWAY.
   (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A  TECHNICIAN  EMPLOYED  BY
 THE  CITY  OF  BUFFALO, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF
 PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED   IMAGES
 PRODUCED  BY  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, SHALL BE PRIMA
 FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES  EVIDENCING  SUCH A
 VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE
 REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY  OBJECT  NEAR
 THE  MOTOR  VEHICLE  AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION REASONABLY IN
 ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY  FOR  SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E)  AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  A
 DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND
 PENALTIES TO BE PROMULGATED BY THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE CITY
 OF BUFFALO.  THE LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION  SHALL
 NOT  EXCEED  FIFTY  DOLLARS  FOR EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT

 S. 8746--A                         29
 
 SUCH PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU MAY PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT
 IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE  FAILURE  TO
 RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB-
 LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION  AS  AN
 OPERATOR  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  MADE  PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE
 PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR
 INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN  FOURTEEN  BUSINESS  DAYS  IF  SUCH
 OWNER IS A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF
 SUCH  OWNER  IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT
 BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF  MAILING  PREPARED  IN  THE
 ORDINARY  COURSE  OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OF  THE
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION  NUMBER  OF  THE  VEHICLE
 INVOLVED  IN  SUCH  VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK
 PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF
 THE CAMERA WHICH  RECORDED  THE  VIOLATION  OR  OTHER  DOCUMENT  LOCATOR
 NUMBER,  AT  LEAST  TWO  DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE
 MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY  OBJECT  NEAR  THE  MOTOR
 VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY.
   3.  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
 THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
 CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO
 CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION  OF
 LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE CITY OF
 BUFFALO,  OR  BY  ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND
 MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS  SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE CITY OF BUFFALO PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE
 OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS  REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  DEPARTMENT  AS
 HAVING  BEEN  STOLEN,  IT  SHALL  BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
 THAT THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD  BEEN
 REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  AS  STOLEN  PRIOR  TO  THE TIME THE VIOLATION
 OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN  RECOVERED  BY  SUCH  TIME.  FOR  PURPOSES  OF
 ASSERTING  THE  DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
 CIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE  STOLEN  VEHICLE
 OR NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO
 THE  CITY  OF  BUFFALO  PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY
 AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (J) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS  SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE CITY OF BUFFALO PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (K)  1.  AN  OWNER  WHO  IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS  SECTION  SHALL

 S. 8746--A                         30
 
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION, PROVIDED THAT:
   (I)  PRIOR  TO  THE  VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH SUCH PARKING
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  SECTION  TWO
 HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (II)  WITHIN  THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM SUCH DIVI-
 SION OF THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFOR-
 MATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS
 TO SUCH DIVISION THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHI-
 CLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION,
 TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL,
 LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY  SUCH
 DIVISION  PURSUANT  TO  REGULATIONS  THAT  MAY  BE  PROMULGATED FOR SUCH
 PURPOSE.
   2. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF PARAGRAPH ONE  OF  THIS
 SUBDIVISION  SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN
 THIS SECTION.
   3. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH  ONE  OF
 THIS  SUBDIVISION,  THE  LESSEE  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  ON  THE DATE OF SUCH
 VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE  FOR  PURPOSES
 OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSU-
 ANT  TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION (I) OF THIS SECTION.
   (L) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C)  OR  (D)
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION WAS NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE
 VIOLATION,  THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF  A
 VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME  SUCH  OPERATOR  OPERATED  SUCH
 VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION
 THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER-
 ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT  THE  TIME  OF  SUCH
 OPERATOR  OPERATED  SUCH  VEHICLE  IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (M) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE  LIABILITY
 OF  AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (N) IF THE CITY ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
 (A) OF THIS SECTION IT SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON  THE
 RESULTS OF THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRES-
 IDENT  OF  THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY. SUCH REPORT SHALL
 INCLUDE:
   1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND  SEVERITY  OF  CRASHES,  FATALITIES,
 INJURIES  AND  PROPERTY  DAMAGE  REPORTED  WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY, TO THE EXTENT THE  INFORMATION  IS  MAINTAINED  BY  THE
 DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   3.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER,  TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES  WHERE
 PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE

 S. 8746--A                         31
 
 INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR  VEHICLES  OF  THIS
 STATE;
   4.  THE  NUMBER  OF  VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  EACH  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE
 WHERE  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED, IN THE AGGRE-
 GATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   6. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  ALL  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY THAT WERE:
   (I)  MORE  THAN  TEN  BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   7. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  EACH  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE
 WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED THAT WERE:
   (I)  MORE  THAN  TEN  BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   8. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  FOR  VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   9.  THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE FIRST
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU-
 DICATIONS INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR  VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   11.  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT  OF REVENUE REALIZED BY THE CITY IN CONNECTION
 WITH THE PROGRAM;
   12. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE CITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE  PROGRAM;
 AND
   13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS.
   (O) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEM  WAS  MALFUNCTIONING  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE  ALLEGED
 VIOLATION.
   § 9. The opening paragraph and  paragraph  (c)  of  subdivision  1  of
 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of
 chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   Whenever  proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this
 state result in a conviction for an offense  under  this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
 infraction  involving  standing,  stopping,  or parking or violations by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred

 S. 8746--A                         32
 
 eleven-b  of  this  chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation  of
 a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined in such section, or other than an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
 dication  of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of
 this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assist-
 ance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required
 or permitted by law, in accordance with the following schedule:
   (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a  court  of
 this  state  result  in  a  conviction for an offense under this chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
 chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter,  or  a  local  law,
 ordinance,  rule  or  regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other
 than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping,  or  parking  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-a of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  infraction  pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
 an  adjudication  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
 this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a  violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF
 LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)
 OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE

 S. 8746--A                         33
 
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there  shall  be
 levied a crime victim assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a
 mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted
 by law, in the amount of fifty-five dollars.
   §  9-a.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-a of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip-
 ment  or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdi-
 vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-c  of  this  chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there  shall  be  levied  a  mandatory
 surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
 the amount of twenty-five dollars.
   § 9-b. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  section  10-b  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
 vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation

 S. 8746--A                         34
 
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN
 OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  there shall be levied a mandatory
 surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law,  in
 the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-c.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-c of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter,
 OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR  A  VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an
 owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  there  shall  be  levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any
 sentence required or permitted  by  law,  in  the  amount  of  seventeen
 dollars.
   §  9-d.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-d of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN
 AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,
 or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation
 of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in

 S. 8746--A                         35
 
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there
 shall be levied a mandatory  surcharge,  in  addition  to  any  sentence
 required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-e.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-e of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (C),  (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
 dication  of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a  manda-
 tory  surcharge,  in  addition  to any sentence required or permitted by
 law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 9-f. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  section  10-f  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION
 OF  LIABILITY  OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a
 mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted
 by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 9-g. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  separately  amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and chapter 62
 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION
 OF  LIABILITY  OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall
 be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 10. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a

 S. 8746--A                         36
 
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-b of this chapter, and
 except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of a violation of a bus lane restriction as
 defined in such section, and except an adjudication of liability  of  an
 owner  for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an  adjudication  of
 liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
 or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of this chapter, and except an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection
 regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY  OF  AN  OWNER
 FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied in addition to
 any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted  by  law,
 an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-a of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined  in such section, and except an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
 or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
 adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,

 S. 8746--A                         37
 
 AND  EXCEPT  AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY
 OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF
 THIS  CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
 sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
 to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
 law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-b of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regu-
 lations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty,  there  shall  be  levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or
 other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of
 twenty-eight dollars.
   § 10-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-c of chapter 222 of the laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-

 S. 8746--A                         38
 
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall
 be levied in addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty  or  other  surcharge
 required  or  permitted  by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight
 dollars.
   § 10-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-d of chapter 222 of the laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-e of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED

 S. 8746--A                         39
 
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of  the
 laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for  a  violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty,  there  shall  be
 levied  in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   § 11. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision  5-a  of  section
 401  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of chapter
 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
 traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
 total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
 issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
 motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
 cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
 being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
 authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
 any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a,  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  or section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane  restriction as defined in such
 section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision

 S. 8746--A                         40
 
 (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (v)  the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c
 of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter, OR (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (C) OR (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commis-
 sioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal appli-
 cation until the applicant provides proof from the  court,  traffic  and
 parking violations agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges
 are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of
 an  administrative  tribunal  that he or she has complied with the rules
 and regulations of said tribunal following entry of  a  final  decision.
 Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commission-
 er  may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal appli-
 cation to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registra-
 tion or renewal application for any other motor  vehicle  registered  in
 the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has determined that
 such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to  believe  that
 such  registration  or  renewal  will  have  the effect of defeating the
 purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as
 long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal,  the  registrant  fails  to comply with the rules and
 regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-a of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
 total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
 issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
 motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
 cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
 being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
 authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
 any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-b  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter;  or  (iii)  the  registrant  was
 liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
 ter for a violation of  a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined  in  such
 section;  or  (iv)  the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of  section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter or (v) the regis-
 trant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was
 liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chap-
 ter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section

 S. 8746--A                         41
 
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter;  OR  (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or
 renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or
 administrative  tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appear-
 ance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribu-
 nal  that  he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said
 tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where  an  application  is
 denied  pursuant  to  this  section, the commissioner may, in his or her
 discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
 person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  11-b.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-b of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
 or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii)
 the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accord-
 ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER;  or (v) the registrant was liable in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this

 S. 8746--A                         42
 
 chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny  the  registra-
 tion  or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the
 court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an
 appearance  or  answer has been made or in the case of an administrative
 tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and  regulations  of
 said  tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application
 is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or  her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 11-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped
 or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated  for  hire  by  the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for  hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord-
 ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter, or the registrant was liable  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred eighty-c of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE
 REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF  THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; or (iv) the registrant
 was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  for  a  violation  of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall  deny
 the  registration  or  renewal  application until the applicant provides
 proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges  are
 pending  that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an
 administrative tribunal that he has complied with the  rules  and  regu-
 lations  of  said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal

 S. 8746--A                         43
 
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  11-d.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-d of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by
 the  appropriate  local authority, in violation of any of the provisions
 of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made  by  a
 local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter,  the  commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registra-
 tion or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from  the
 court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an
 appearance  or  answer has been made or in the case of an administrative
 tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and  regulations  of
 said  tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application
 is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or  her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 11-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:

 S. 8746--A                         44

   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant  or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for
 hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY
 OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the  registrant
 was  liable  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny
 the registration or renewal application  until  the  applicant  provides
 proof  from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are
 pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of  an
 administrative  tribunal  that  he has complied with the rules and regu-
 lations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision.  Where  an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 11-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-f of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
 hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by  a  local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY

 S. 8746--A                         45
 
 OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of  section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, the commissioner
 or  his  or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application
 until the applicant provides proof  from  the  court  or  administrative
 tribunal  wherein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer
 has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that  he  has
 complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry
 of  a  final  decision.  Where an application is denied pursuant to this
 section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny  a  regis-
 tration  or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle
 and may deny a registration or renewal application for any  other  motor
 vehicle  registered  in the name of the applicant where the commissioner
 has determined that such registrant's  intent  has  been  to  evade  the
 purposes  of  this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable
 grounds to believe that such  registration  or  renewal  will  have  the
 effect  of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall
 only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in
 the  case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as separately amended by chapters 339 and 592 of the
 laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant  or  his representative
 failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date  or
 failed  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations of an administrative
 tribunal following entry of a final decision in  response  to  three  or
 more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period,
 charging  that  such  motor  vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or
 that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant  or  his
 agent  without  being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appro-
 priate local authority, in violation of any of the  provisions  of  this
 chapter  or  of  any  law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local
 authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEV-
 EN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER,
 the commissioner or his agent shall deny  the  registration  or  renewal
 application  until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin-
 istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
 answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribunal  that
 he  has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal follow-
 ing entry of a final decision. Where an application is  denied  pursuant
 to  this section, the commissioner may, in his discretion, deny a regis-
 tration or renewal application to any other person for the same  vehicle
 and  may  deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor
 vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where  the  commissioner
 has  determined  that  such  registrant's  intent  has been to evade the
 purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner  has  reasonable
 grounds  to  believe  that  such  registration  or renewal will have the
 effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial  shall
 only  remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in
 the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails  to  comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.

 S. 8746--A                         46
 
   §  12.  Subdivision  2  of  section  87  of the public officers law is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (p) to read as follows:
   (P)  ARE  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D
 OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   §  13.  The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program
 pursuant to section 1180-d of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law  shall  be
 subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law.
   §  14.  This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
 have become a law and shall expire 5 years  after  such  effective  date
 when upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed;
 and  provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of
 this act on its effective date shall be promulgated on  or  before  such
 effective date, provided that:
   (a)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when  upon
 such date the provisions of section one-a of this act shall take effect;
   (a-1)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-a of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect;
   (a-2) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-b  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect;
   (a-3)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-c of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect;
   (a-4) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-d  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect;
   (a-5)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-e of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect;
   (a-6) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-f  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect;
   (b)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when
 upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-a of this act shall take
 effect;
   (b-1) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-a of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-b of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-b of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,

 S. 8746--A                         47
 
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-c of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-3)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-c of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-d of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-4)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-d of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-e of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-5)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-e of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-f of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (c)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four of this act  shall  not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-1) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-2) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-3) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-4) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-5) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section  five  of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-a of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire

 S. 8746--A                         48
 
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-2)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-b of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-c of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-4)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-d of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-e of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (e)  the  amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such paragraphs  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of
 this act shall take effect;
   (e-1) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-a of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-2) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-b of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-3) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-c of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-4) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-d of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-5) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-e of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f
 of this act shall take effect;
   (f) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law made by section seven of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire there-

 S. 8746--A                         49
 
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this  act
 shall take effect;
   (f-1)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-a of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-2)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-b of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-3)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-c of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-4)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-d of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-5)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this
 act shall take effect;
   (g) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and
 traffic  law made by section nine of this act shall not affect the expi-
 ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-a of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (g-1)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-a of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-b of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (g-2)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-b of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-c of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (g-3)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-c of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-d of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (g-4)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-d of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-e of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (g-5)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-e of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,

 S. 8746--A                         50
 
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-f of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (g-6)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-f of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-g of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (h)  the  amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section ten-a of this
 act shall take effect;
   (h-1) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-a of this  act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-b of
 this act shall take effect;
   (h-2) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-b of this  act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-c of
 this act shall take effect;
   (h-3) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-c of this  act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-d of
 this act shall take effect;
   (h-4) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-d of this  act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-e of
 this act shall take effect;
   (h-5) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-e of this  act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-f of
 this act shall take effect;
   (i) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a  of  subdivision
 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven
 of  this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall
 be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such  date  the  provisions  of
 section eleven-a of this act shall take effect;
   (i-1)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-a  of  this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-b
 of this act shall take effect;
   (i-2)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-b  of  this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-c
 of this act shall take effect;
   (i-3)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-c  of  this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to

 S. 8746--A                         51
 
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-d
 of this act shall take effect;
   (i-4)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-d  of  this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-e
 of this act shall take effect;
   (i-5)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-e  of  this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-f
 of this act shall take effect; and
   (i-6)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-f  of  this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-g
 of this act shall take effect.

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