S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                    576
 
                        2019-2020 Regular Sessions
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                                (PREFILED)
 
                              January 9, 2019
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  M.  of  A. GLICK, JAFFEE, O'DONNELL, BARRETT, ZEBROWSKI,
   L. ROSENTHAL, ABINANTI, ARROYO, BUCHWALD, BRONSON, MAGNARELLI, WEPRIN,
   LIFTON, SEAWRIGHT -- Multi-Sponsored by -- M. of A. COOK, ENGLEBRIGHT,
   GALEF, HEVESI, LAVINE, RICHARDSON, RYAN, STECK, STIRPE, THIELE -- read
   once and referred to the Committee on Higher Education
 
 AN ACT to amend the education law, in  relation  to  prohibiting  mental
   health  professionals  from  engaging  in  sexual  orientation  change
   efforts with a patient under the age of eighteen years  and  expanding
   the  definition  of  professional  misconduct  with  respect to mental
   health professionals
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.    Legislative findings and intent. The Legislature hereby
 finds and declares all of the following:
   a. Being lesbian, gay, bisexual  or  transgender  is  not  a  disease,
 disorder,  illness,  deficiency,  or shortcoming. The major professional
 associations of mental  health  practitioners  and  researchers  in  the
 United States have recognized this fact for nearly 40 years.
   b.  The  American  Psychological  Association convened a Task Force on
 Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation. The task  force
 conducted  a  systematic  review  of peer-reviewed journal literature on
 sexual orientation change efforts, and issued a report in 2009. The task
 force concluded that sexual orientation change efforts can pose critical
 health risks to lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender people,  including
 confusion,  depression, guilt, helplessness, hopelessness, shame, social
 withdrawal, suicidality, substance abuse, stress, disappointment,  self-
 blame, decreased self-esteem and authenticity to others, increased self-
 hatred,  hostility  and  blame  toward  parents,  feelings  of anger and
 betrayal, loss of friends and potential romantic partners,  problems  in
 sexual  and  emotional  intimacy,  sexual  dysfunction, high-risk sexual
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
              

                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD05039-01-9

 A. 576                              2
 
 behaviors, a feeling of being dehumanized and untrue to self, a loss  of
 faith, and a sense of having wasted time and resources.
   c.  The  American  Psychological  Association  issued  a resolution on
 Appropriate Affirmative Responses to  Sexual  Orientation  Distress  and
 Change Efforts in 2009, which states: The American Psychological Associ-
 ation  advises  parents,  guardians, young people, and their families to
 avoid sexual orientation change efforts that portray homosexuality as  a
 mental  illness  or  developmental  disorder  and to seek psychotherapy,
 social supports, and educational services that provide accurate informa-
 tion on sexual orientation and sexuality,  increase  family  and  school
 support, and reduce rejection of sexual minority youth.
   d. The American Psychiatric Association published a position statement
 in  March  of  2000 in which it stated: "Psychotherapeutic modalities to
 convert or 'repair' homosexuality are based  on  developmental  theories
 whose   scientific  validity  is  questionable.  Furthermore,  anecdotal
 reports of 'cures' are counterbalanced by anecdotal claims of psycholog-
 ical harm. In the last four decades, 'reparative'  therapists  have  not
 produced  any  rigorous scientific research to substantiate their claims
 of cure. Until there is such research available, the American  Psychiat-
 ric  Association  recommends  that  ethical  practitioners  refrain from
 attempts to change individuals' sexual orientation, keeping in mind  the
 medical  dictum to first, do no harm.  The potential risks of reparative
 therapy are great, including depression,  anxiety  and  self-destructive
 behavior,  since  therapist  alignment  with societal prejudices against
 homosexuality may  reinforce  self-hatred  already  experienced  by  the
 patient. Many patients who have undergone reparative therapy relate that
 they  were  inaccurately told that homosexuals are lonely, unhappy indi-
 viduals who never achieve acceptance or  satisfaction.  The  possibility
 that  the  person  might  achieve happiness and satisfying interpersonal
 relationships as a gay man or lesbian is not presented, nor are alterna-
 tive approaches to dealing with the effects of  societal  stigmatization
 discussed.   Therefore, the American Psychiatric Association opposes any
 psychiatric treatment such as reparative or conversion therapy which  is
 based upon the assumption that homosexuality per se is a mental disorder
 or  based  upon  the  a  priori  assumption that a patient should change
 his/her sexual orientation."
   e. The American School Counselor Association's position  statement  on
 professional  school  counselors  and  lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgen-
 dered, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth states: It is not the role  of  the
 professional  school  counselor  to attempt to change a student's sexual
 orientation/gender identity but instead  to  provide  support  to  LGBTQ
 students  to promote student achievement and personal well-being. Recog-
 nizing that sexual orientation is not an illness and  does  not  require
 treatment, professional school counselors may provide individual student
 planning or responsive services to LGBTQ students to promote self-accep-
 tance,  deal with social acceptance, understand issues related to coming
 out, including issues that families may face when a student goes through
 this process and identify appropriate community resources.
   f. The American Academy of Pediatrics in 1993 published an article  in
 its  journal,  Pediatrics,  stating:  Therapy  directed  at specifically
 changing sexual orientation is contraindicated,  since  it  can  provoke
 guilt  and  anxiety  while  having  little or no potential for achieving
 changes in orientation.
   g. The American Medical  Association  Council  on  Scientific  Affairs
 prepared a report in 1994 in which it stated: Aversion therapy (a behav-
 ioral  or  medical  intervention which pairs unwanted behavior , in this

 A. 576                              3
 
 case, homosexual behavior, with unpleasant sensations or aversive conse-
 quences) is no longer recommended for  gay  men  and  lesbians.  Through
 psychotherapy,  gay  men  and lesbians can become comfortable with their
 sexual orientation and understand the societal response to it.
   h.  The  National Association of Social Workers prepared a 1997 policy
 statement in which it stated: Social stigmatization of lesbian, gay  and
 bisexual  people  is  widespread  and  is a primary motivating factor in
 leading some people to seek sexual orientation  changes.  Sexual  orien-
 tation  conversion  therapies assume that homosexual orientation is both
 pathological and freely chosen. No data demonstrates that reparative  or
 conversion therapies are effective, and, in fact, they may be harmful.
   i.  The  American  Counseling  Association  Governing Council issued a
 position statement in April of 1999, and in it the  council  states:  We
 oppose  'the  promotion of 'reparative therapy' as a 'cure' for individ-
 uals who are homosexual.
   j. The American Psychoanalytic Association issued a position statement
 in June 2012 on attempts to change sexual orientation, gender, identity,
 or gender expression, and in it the  association  states:  As  with  any
 societal   prejudice,  bias  against  individuals  based  on  actual  or
 perceived sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression nega-
 tively affects mental health, contributing to an enduring sense of stig-
 ma and pervasive self-criticism  through  the  internalization  of  such
 prejudice.    Psychoanalytic  technique  does  not  encompass purposeful
 attempts to 'convert,' 'repair,' change or shift an individual's  sexual
 orientation,  gender  identity  or  gender  expression.    Such directed
 efforts are against fundamental principles of  psychoanalytic  treatment
 and often result in substantial psychological pain by reinforcing damag-
 ing internalized attitudes.
   k.  The  American  Academy  of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in 2012
 published an article in its journal, Journal of the American Academy  of
 Child  and  Adolescent  Psychiatry,  stating: Clinicians should be aware
 that there is no evidence that sexual orientation can be altered through
 therapy, and that attempts to do so may be harmful. There is  no  empir-
 ical evidence adult homosexuality can be prevented if gender nonconform-
 ing  children are influenced to be more gender conforming. Indeed, there
 is not medically valid basis for attempting  to  prevent  homosexuality,
 which  is  not  an  illness. On the contrary, such efforts may encourage
 family rejection and undermine self-esteem,  connectedness  and  caring,
 important  protective  factors  against  suicidal ideation and attempts.
 Given that there is no evidence that efforts to alter sexual orientation
 are effect, beneficial or necessary, and the possibility that they carry
 the risk of significant harm, such interventions are contraindicated.
   l. The Pan American Health Organization,  a  regional  office  of  the
 World  Health  Organization, issued a statement in May of 2012 and in it
 the organization states: These supposed conversion therapies  constitute
 a  violation  of the ethical principles of health care and violate human
 rights that are protected  by  international  regional  agreements.  The
 organization  also  noted  that reparative therapies lack medical justi-
 fication and represent a serious threat to the health and well-being  of
 affected people.
   m. Minors who experience family rejection based on their sexual orien-
 tation face especially serious health risks. In one study, lesbian, gay,
 and bisexual young adults who reported higher levels of family rejection
 during adolescence were 8.4 times more likely to report having attempted
 suicide,  5.9 times more likely to report high levels of depression, 3.4
 times more likely to use illegal drugs, and 3.4  times  more  likely  to

 A. 576                              4
 
 report  having  engaged  in unprotected sexual intercourse compared with
 peers from families that reported no or low levels of family  rejection.
 This  is  documented  by  Caitlin  Ryan et al. in their article entitled
 Family Rejection as a Predictor of Negative Health Outcomes in White and
 Latino  Lesbian,  Gay,  and  Bisexual Young Adults (2009) 123 Pediatrics
 346.
   n. New York has a compelling interest in protecting the  physical  and
 psychological  well-being  of  minors, including lesbian, gay, bisexual,
 and transgender youth, and in protecting its minors against exposure  to
 serious harms caused by sexual orientation change efforts.
   §  2.  The  education law is amended by adding a new section 6509-e to
 read as follows:
   § 6509-E. ADDITIONAL DEFINITION  OF  PROFESSIONAL  MISCONDUCT;  MENTAL
 HEALTH PROFESSIONALS. 1. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION:
   A.  "MENTAL  HEALTH  PROFESSIONAL"  MEANS  A  PERSON  SUBJECT  TO  THE
 PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-THREE, ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-FOUR OR
 ONE HUNDRED SIXTY-THREE OF THIS TITLE; OR ANY OTHER PERSON DESIGNATED AS
 A MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL PURSUANT TO LAW, RULE OR REGULATION.
   B. "SEXUAL ORIENTATION CHANGE EFFORTS" (I) MEANS  ANY  PRACTICE  BY  A
 MENTAL  HEALTH  PROFESSIONAL THAT SEEKS TO CHANGE AN INDIVIDUAL'S SEXUAL
 ORIENTATION, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, EFFORTS TO CHANGE BEHAVIORS,
 GENDER IDENTITY, OR GENDER EXPRESSIONS, OR TO ELIMINATE OR REDUCE SEXUAL
 OR ROMANTIC ATTRACTIONS OR FEELINGS TOWARDS INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME  SEX
 AND (II) SHALL NOT INCLUDE COUNSELING FOR A PERSON SEEKING TO TRANSITION
 FROM ONE GENDER TO ANOTHER, OR PSYCHOTHERAPIES THAT: (A) PROVIDE ACCEPT-
 ANCE,  SUPPORT  AND  UNDERSTANDING  OF  PATIENTS  OR THE FACILITATION OF
 PATIENTS' COPING, SOCIAL SUPPORT AND IDENTITY EXPLORATION  AND  DEVELOP-
 MENT,  INCLUDING  SEXUAL ORIENTATION-NEUTRAL INTERVENTIONS TO PREVENT OR
 ADDRESS UNLAWFUL CONDUCT OR UNSAFE SEXUAL PRACTICES; AND (B) DO NOT SEEK
 TO CHANGE SEXUAL ORIENTATION.
   2. IT SHALL BE PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT FOR  A  MENTAL  HEALTH  PROFES-
 SIONAL  TO  ENGAGE IN SEXUAL ORIENTATION CHANGE EFFORTS UPON ANY PATIENT
 UNDER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN YEARS,  AND  ANY  MENTAL  HEALTH  PROFESSIONAL
 FOUND  GUILTY  OF  SUCH  MISCONDUCT  UNDER  THE PROCEDURES PRESCRIBED IN
 SECTION SIXTY-FIVE HUNDRED TEN OF THIS SUBARTICLE SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO
 THE  PENALTIES  PRESCRIBED  IN SECTION SIXTY-FIVE HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS
 SUBARTICLE.
   § 3. The education law is amended by adding a new  section  6531-a  to
 read as follows:
   §  6531-A.  ADDITIONAL  DEFINITION  OF PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT; MENTAL
 HEALTH PROFESSIONALS. 1. DEFINITIONS. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION:
   A.  "MENTAL  HEALTH  PROFESSIONAL"  MEANS  A  PERSON  SUBJECT  TO  THE
 PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-ONE OF THIS TITLE.
   B.  "SEXUAL  ORIENTATION  CHANGE  EFFORTS" (I) MEANS ANY PRACTICE BY A
 MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL THAT SEEKS TO CHANGE AN  INDIVIDUAL'S  SEXUAL
 ORIENTATION, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, EFFORTS TO CHANGE BEHAVIORS,
 GENDER IDENTITY, OR GENDER EXPRESSIONS, OR TO ELIMINATE OR REDUCE SEXUAL
 OR ROMANTIC ATTRACTIONS OR FEELINGS TOWARDS INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME SEX;
 AND (II) SHALL NOT INCLUDE COUNSELING FOR A PERSON SEEKING TO TRANSITION
 FROM ONE GENDER TO ANOTHER, OR PSYCHOTHERAPIES THAT: (A) PROVIDE ACCEPT-
 ANCE,  SUPPORT  AND  UNDERSTANDING  OF  PATIENTS  OR THE FACILITATION OF
 PATIENTS' COPING, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND IDENTITY EXPLORATION AND  DEVELOP-
 MENT,  INCLUDING  SEXUAL ORIENTATION-NEUTRAL INTERVENTIONS TO PREVENT OR
 ADDRESS UNLAWFUL CONDUCT OR UNSAFE SEXUAL PRACTICES; AND (B) DO NOT SEEK
 TO CHANGE SEXUAL ORIENTATION.

 A. 576                              5
 
   2. IT SHALL BE PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT FOR  A  MENTAL  HEALTH  PROFES-
 SIONAL  TO  ENGAGE IN SEXUAL ORIENTATION CHANGE EFFORTS UPON ANY PATIENT
 UNDER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN YEARS,  AND  ANY  MENTAL  HEALTH  PROFESSIONAL
 FOUND GUILTY OF SUCH MISCONDUCT UNDER THE PROCEDURES PRESCRIBED IN TITLE
 TWO-A  OF  ARTICLE  TWO OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH LAW SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE
 PENALTIES PRESCRIBED IN SECTION  TWO  HUNDRED  THIRTY-A  OF  THE  PUBLIC
 HEALTH  LAW, AS ADDED BY CHAPTER SIX HUNDRED SIX OF THE LAWS OF NINETEEN
 HUNDRED NINETY-ONE.
   § 4. This act shall take effect immediately.