S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  8832--A
 
                        2019-2020 Regular Sessions
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                             November 25, 2019
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  M.  of  A. MAGNARELLI, BRONSON, JACOBSON, BURKE, THIELE,
   SIMON, MOSLEY, McDONALD, D'URSO, LUPARDO, REYES, BLAKE, COOK,  TAYLOR,
   GRIFFIN,  JEAN-PIERRE,  BARRON,  DINOWITZ,  STECK, BRAUNSTEIN, STIRPE,
   CYMBROWITZ,  GLICK,  CARROLL,  WILLIAMS,   NIOU,   SIMOTAS,   EPSTEIN,
   L. ROSENTHAL,  LAVINE,  ORTIZ,  McMAHON,  GOTTFRIED,  RODRIGUEZ, CRUZ,
   OTIS, ABINANTI, PERRY,  BUTTENSCHON,  JAFFEE,  SEAWRIGHT,  WALLACE  --
   Multi-Sponsored  by  -- M. of A. DenDEKKER, ENGLEBRIGHT, GALEF -- read
   once and referred to the Committee on Transportation -- recommitted to
   the Committee on Transportation in accordance with  Assembly  Rule  3,
   sec.  2  --  committee  discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as
   amended and recommitted to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
   in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed
   violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo  devices;
   and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration there-
   of
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

   Section 1. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic
 law,  as separately amended by sections 1 of chapters 145 and 148 of the
 laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general,  special
 or  local  law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which
 heretofore or hereafter is authorized  to  establish  an  administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting  parking,  standing  or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
              

                                                            LBD09902-04-0

 A. 8832--A                          2
 
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine,] or to  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
 section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to  adjudicate
 the  liability  of  owners  for violations of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined  in  and
 in  accordance  with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for
 violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b),  (c),
 (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  such  section, or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of  this  chapter
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or
 to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
 VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal
 and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 1-a. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended  by  section 1 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general,  special
 or  local  law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which
 heretofore or hereafter is authorized  to  establish  an  administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting  parking,  standing  or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and  twenty-two
 of  the  laws  of  two  thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and
 in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for

 A. 8832--A                          3
 
 violations  of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of such section,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners  for  violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR
 TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations
 pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance  with
 the following sections.
   §  1-b.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by sections 1-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this  chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine,  or  to  adjudicate
 the  liability  of  owners  for violations of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as
 defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand
 nine hundred eighty-five of the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of  the  laws  of  nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of
 owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section,
 or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such
 tribunal and the rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-c.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by sections 1-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an

 A. 8832--A                          4

 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance with
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  subdi-
 vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudi-
 cate the liability of  owners  for  violations  of  subdivision  (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  violations  of  bus  lane
 restrictions  as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY
 OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and  regu-
 lations  pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform-
 ance with the following sections.
   § 1-d. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter,
 or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
 of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane

 A. 8832--A                          5
 
 restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY
 OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and  regu-
 lations  pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform-
 ance with the following sections.
   § 1-e. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter,
 or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
 of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners for violations  of  subdivi-
 sions  (c)  and  (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,  or  to
 adjudicate  the  liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,  OR  TO
 ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such
 tribunal and the rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-f.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by sections 1-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred

 A. 8832--A                          6
 
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,
 or to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of  toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi-
 vision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this
 chapter,  OR  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining  thereto
 shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
 sections.
   § 1-g. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi-
 vision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this
 chapter,  OR  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining  thereto
 shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
 sections.
   § 1-h. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-g of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners  for  violations  of  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate  the  liability

 A. 8832--A                          7
 
 of  owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as defined in
 and in accordance with the  provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine
 hundred   eighty-five   of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners  for  violations  of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY
 OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regu-
 lations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial  conform-
 ance with the following sections.
   §  1-i.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of  the  laws
 of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of toll collection
 regulations as defined in and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJU-
 DICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal
 and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
 separately  amended by sections 2 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of
 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of  two  thousand  nine,  or  subdivision  (a) of section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven  hundred  eleven  of
 this  chapter  in  accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a,
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen  of  chap-
 ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall
 adjudicate the liability of owners for  violations  of  toll  collection
 regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance with the provisions of
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty  and  shall
 adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred

 A. 8832--A                          8
 
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  violations of bus lane restrictions as
 defined in such section and shall  adjudicate  liability  of  owners  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 for  violations  of  section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter
 and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  subdivi-
 sion  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap-
 ter and shall adjudicate the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of
 this   chapter,  AND  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR
 VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-E  OF THIS CHAPTER.  Such tribunal, except in a city with a population
 of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned  vehi-
 cle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is
 the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating
 the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes
 of  this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner
 of traffic of the city or an official possessing  authority  as  such  a
 commissioner.
   § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended  by  section 2 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of  two  thousand  nine,  or  subdivision  (a) of section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven  hundred  eleven  of
 this  chapter  in  accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a,
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen  of  chap-
 ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall
 adjudicate the liability of owners for  violations  of  toll  collection
 regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance with the provisions of
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty  and  shall
 adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  violations of bus lane restrictions as
 defined in such section and shall  adjudicate  liability  of  owners  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four  of  this  chapter
 and  shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
 sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap-
 ter,  AND  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS

 A. 8832--A                          9
 
 CHAPTER.   Such tribunal, except in a city  with  a  population  of  one
 million  or  more,  shall  also  have  jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle
 violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the
 violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the
 parking,  stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of
 this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner  of
 traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing authority as such a
 commissioner.
   § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately amended by sections 2-a of chapters 145 and 148 of  the  laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of  two  thousand  nine,  or  subdivision  (a) of section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven  hundred  eleven  of
 this chapter in accordance with such sections eleven hundred eleven-b as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section elev-
 en hundred eleven-e; and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations
 of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate
 liability  of  owners in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-
 four-a of this chapter for violations of section eleven  hundred  seven-
 ty-four  of  this  chapter  and shall adjudicate liability of owners for
 violations of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d of this chapter,  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR
 VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER.   For the  purposes  of  this  article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately amended by sections 2-b of chapters 145 and 148 of  the  laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision  (a)  of
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate
 liability of owners in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c

 A. 8832--A                         10
 
 of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in
 such  section;  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners   for
 violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b  of  this chapter; and shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d  of  this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS
 FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this article, a parking
 violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing  for
 or  regulating  the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to  subdivision  (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris-
 diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation  and
 shall  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter
 and  shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
 sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chap-
 ter,  AND  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this article, a parking violation  is  the
 violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the
 parking,  stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of
 this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner  of
 traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing authority as such a
 commissioner.
   § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately amended by sections 2-d of chapters 145 and 148 of  the  laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision  (a)  of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris-
 diction  of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and
 shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF  SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-

 A. 8832--A                         11
 
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
 For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is  the  violation
 of  any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e or subdivision  (a)  of  section  eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traf-
 fic  infractions  which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudi-
 cate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision  (b),  (c),
 (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d  of  this  chapter,  AND
 SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAPTER.    For
 the  purposes  of  this article, a parking violation is the violation of
 any law, rule or regulation providing for  or  regulating  the  parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-g. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris-
 diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation  and
 shall  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 AND  SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAPTER.
 For  the  purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation
 of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-h. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation AND, WHERE AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER,  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE
 LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G)

 A. 8832--A                         12
 
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of
 this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law,  rule  or
 regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing
 of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner"
 shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of  the  city  or  an
 official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
 new subdivision 17 to read as follows:
   17.  TO  ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of  the  vehicle  and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4 of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to  authorization  set  forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws  of  two
 thousand  nine,  or  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
 section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter,  and  shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to  section  two  thousand
 nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include
 a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
 issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE  DEEMED
 TO  INCLUDE  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019,
 is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to  authorization  set  forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws  of  two
 thousand  nine,  or  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
 section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter,  and  shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to  section  two  thousand
 nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include
 a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
 issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,  AND
 SHALL  NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.

 A. 8832--A                         13
 
   § 4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as separately amended by sections 4-a of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization  set  forth  in  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and  twenty-two
 of  the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or
 section  eleven  hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be
 deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section elev-
 en hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a
 notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred  eighty-b
 of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
 issued  pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND
 SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-b of chapters  145  and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a  notice
 of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev-
 en  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this chapter and shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of
 liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this
 chapter  and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued
 pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,  AND  SHALL
 NOT  BE  DEEMED  TO  INCLUDE  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as separately amended by sections 4-c of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
 forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a notice
 of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev-
 en hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall  not  be  deemed  to
 include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice  of
 liability  issued  pursuant  to  section eleven hundred eighty-d of this
 chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED
 PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as separately amended by sections 4-d of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:

 A. 8832--A                         14
 
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a  notice
 of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev-
 en  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this chapter and shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER.
   § 4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as separately amended by sections 4-e of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
 forth in section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall
 not  be  deemed  to  include  a  notice  of liability issued pursuant to
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED
 TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-g. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-f of chapters  145  and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter  and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued
 pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,  AND  SHALL
 NOT  BE  DEEMED  TO  INCLUDE  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-h. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended to
 read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision  nine  of  section two hundred thirty-seven of this article,
 BUT SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT
 TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER.
   §  5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 5 of chapters 145 and 148 of  the
 laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,    or  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, for a violation of  subdivision  (d)  of
 section  eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation,

 A. 8832--A                         15
 
 or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined  in such section contests such allegation, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  contests  such  allegation,  or  a  person  alleged to be liable in
 accordance with the provisions of section  eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,
 OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  CONTESTS  SUCH  ALLEGATION  the  bureau shall advise such
 person personally by such form of first class mail as the  director  may
 direct  of  the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge
 at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of  hearing  shall  be
 prescribed  by  the  director, and shall contain a warning to advise the
 person so pleading or contesting that failure  to  appear  on  the  date
 designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine] or section eleven hundred eleven-d  of  this  chapter  or  section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four-a  of  this  chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities law or sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an
 allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of  this
 chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a
 timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but  has
 not  yet  been  held,  the  bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or
 penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or section eleven hundred

 A. 8832--A                         16

 seventy-four-a of this chapter, for a violation of  subdivision  (d)  of
 section  eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation,
 or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined  in such section contests such allegation, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  contests  such  allegation,  OR  A  PERSON  ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH  ALLEGATION,
 the  bureau  shall  advise  such person personally by such form of first
 class mail as the director may direct of the date on  which  he  or  she
 must  appear  to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of
 such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the  director,  and  shall
 contain  a  warning  to advise the person so pleading or contesting that
 failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned
 date, shall be deemed an admission of  liability,  and  that  a  default
 judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand
 nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section elev-
 en  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-
 four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance  with
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
 this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is
 being  contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the
 merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,  the  bureau  shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   §  5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-a of chapters 145  and  148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter
 or  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a  violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this chapter, or a person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane

 A. 8832--A                         17
 
 restriction  as  defined  in such section contests such allegation, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for  violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  contests  such  allegation,  or  a  person  alleged to be liable in
 accordance with the provisions of section  eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,
 OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  CONTESTS  SUCH  ALLEGATION,  the bureau shall advise such
 person personally by such form of first class mail as the  director  may
 direct  of  the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge
 at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of  hearing  shall  be
 prescribed  by  the  director, and shall contain a warning to advise the
 person so pleading or contesting that failure  to  appear  on  the  date
 designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine  or  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d  of  this  chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person in a timely fashion and  a  hearing  upon  the  merits  has  been
 demanded,  but  has  not  yet  been held, the bureau shall not issue any
 notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the  hear-
 ing.
   §  5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-b of chapters 145  and  148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter or
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or  in  accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter
 for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined  in  such  section,
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
 en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, or a  person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of  this  chapter for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH  THE  PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER

 A. 8832--A                         18
 
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau
 shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail  as
 the  director  may  direct of the date on which he or she must appear to
 answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such  notice  of
 hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
 to  advise  the  person  so  pleading that failure to appear on the date
 designated, or on any subsequent adjourned  date,  shall  be  deemed  an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or
 section  eleven  hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this
 chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter,  OR  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, is
 being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon  the
 merits  has  been  demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   § 5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as separately amended by sections 5-c of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or a person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter
 for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty  of  this chapter contests such allegation, OR A
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
 on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
 form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
 director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
 that failure to appear on the date  designated,  or  on  any  subsequent
 adjourned  date,  shall  be deemed an admission of liability, and that a
 default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
 the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or the bureau

 A. 8832--A                         19
 
 has  been  notified  that  an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or the bureau has
 been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,  OR
 AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a  person  in  a  timely
 fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
 been  held,  the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
 that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as separately amended by sections 5-d of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle-
 gation,  or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in  accordance with the
 provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,  OR  A  PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (D), (F) OR (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such
 allegation,  the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form
 of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on  which  he
 or  she  must  appear  to  answer  the charge at a hearing. The form and
 content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by  the  director,
 and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail-
 ure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned
 date,  shall  be  deemed  an  admission of liability, and that a default
 judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, is
 being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an  allegation  of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter, or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter, is being contested, OR THE BUREAU  HAS
 BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IS BEING CONTESTED, or the
 bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, is being
 contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits
 has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue
 any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the  date  of  the
 hearing.
   §  5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-e of chapters 145  and  148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter

 A. 8832--A                         20
 
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this  chapter
 for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven  hundred  eighty  of  this chapter contests such allegation, OR A
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such
 allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such  form
 of  first  class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he
 or she must appear to answer the charge  at  a  hearing.  The  form  and
 content  of  such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director,
 and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that  fail-
 ure  to  appear  on  the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned
 date, shall be deemed an admission of  liability,  and  that  a  default
 judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter,  or
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, is being contested, OR  THE  BUREAU  HAS  BEEN
 NOTIFIED  THAT  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAPTER  IS  BEING  CONTESTED,  or  the
 bureau  has  been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter,  is  being
 contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits
 has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue
 any  notice  of  fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the
 hearing.
   § 5-g. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as separately amended by sections 5-f of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d  of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,
 OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
 on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
 form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
 director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
 that failure to appear on the date  designated,  or  on  any  subsequent
 adjourned  date,  shall  be deemed an admission of liability, and that a
 default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chap-
 ter, is being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d  of

 A. 8832--A                         21
 
 this chapter is being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E  OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion
 and  a  hearing  upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been
 held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty  to  that
 person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-h. Subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE
 IN  ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION,
 the bureau shall advise such person personally by  such  form  of  first
 class  mail  as  the  director  may  direct of the date on which he must
 appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content  of  such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   §  5-i. Subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as added by chapter 365 of the laws of  1978,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IS
 BEING  CONTESTED  by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the
 merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,  the  bureau  shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6 of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion  of  liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter,  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
 IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER,
 shall be held before a hearing examiner in  accordance  with  rules  and
 regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred

 A. 8832--A                         22
 
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter is
 contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in  accord-
 ance  with  section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public
 authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of  chap-
 ter  seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty is
 contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with  section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a hearing at which liabil-
 ity  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 or of a hearing at which liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is
 contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 145 of the laws
 of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section two thousand  nine  hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an  allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing
 examiner in accordance with rules and  regulations  promulgated  by  the
 bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  is
 contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this  chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public
 authorities  law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chap-
 ter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty  is
 contested  or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter
 OR  OF  A  HEARING  AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may  be
 used for the making of the record.

 A. 8832--A                         23

   § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-a of chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter  OR  AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accord-
 ance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance with  sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hear-
 ing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a  hear-
 ing  at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER is contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-b  of  chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held  before  a
 hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by
 the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hearing  at  which  liability  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a  hear-
 ing  at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter or of a hearing at  which  liability  in  accordance

 A. 8832--A                         24
 
 with  section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT
 WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making
 of the record.
   § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-c of chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an  allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner  in  accord-
 ance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hearing  at  which  liability  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a  hear-
 ing  at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER is contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as separately amended by section  6-d  of  chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be
 held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and  regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 or  a  hearing  at  which  liability  in  accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter or a  hearing  at  which  liability  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A
 HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for
 the making of the record.
   § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law, as separately amended by section 6-e of chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:

 A. 8832--A                         25
 
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of
 this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing
 examiner in accordance with rules and  regulations  promulgated  by  the
 bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter or a hearing at which liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter  OR  A  HEARING  AT
 WHICH  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER is contested or a hearing at which liability in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-g. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-f of chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN  ALLEGA-
 TION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance  with
 rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  is  contested  or  a hearing at which
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of  this
 chapter  IS CONTESTED OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED.  Recording
 devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-h. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws  of  1972,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held  before  a  hearing  examiner  in
 accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A
 HEARING  AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED.   Recording devices may  be  used
 for the making of the record.
   §  7.  Subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 7 of chapters 145 and 148 of  the
 laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven

 A. 8832--A                         26
 
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty of the  person  charged,  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this
 chapter, or the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, or in the record of
 liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-d
 of  this  chapter of the person charged, OR IN THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES
 INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a final
 determination. Final determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing  charges
 shall  be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau
 together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this chapter [as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws  of  two
 thousand  nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter or in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of
 this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a
 of  this  chapter  or  fails  to  contest  an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section two thousand nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to  contest  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR FAILS
 TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the  violation  charged,
 or  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter alleged or liability  in  accord-
 ance  with  section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public
 authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of  chap-

 A. 8832--A                         27
 
 ter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty
 alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-c
 of  this  chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b  of  this  chapter  alleged,  or  liability  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED,
 (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting
 an  allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of nineteen hundred fifty or contesting an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of  this  chapter  or
 contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of  liabil-
 ity  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an
 appearance within thirty days of  the  sending  of  such  notice.  Pleas
 entered  and  allegations  contested  within that period shall be in the
 manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or
 fee. Such notice of impending default judgment  shall  not  be  required
 prior  to  the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or
 owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case  shall
 a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending
 default  judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of
 the time prescribed for entering a plea  or  contesting  an  allegation.
 When  a  person  has  demanded  a  hearing,  no fine or penalty shall be
 imposed for any reason, prior to the holding  of  the  hearing.  If  the
 hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining
 them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those  upon
 which the person was originally charged.
   §  7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7 of chapter 145 of the  laws  of  2019,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter  or  the  record  of  liabilities

 A. 8832--A                         28
 
 incurred  in  accordance  with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred  fifty  of  the  person  charged,  or  the record of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this
 chapter,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  OR  THE  RECORD  OF
 LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E
 OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to  rendering
 a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau together with records showing payment and  nonpayment  of  penal-
 ties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance
 with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this  chapter  [as  added  by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two
 thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a
 of this chapter or fails  to  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  two  thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to contest an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
 INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date  or  subsequent
 adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination
 of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regu-
 lation  of  the  bureau,  such failure to plead [or], contest, appear or
 comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability  and
 shall  be  grounds  for  rendering and entering a default judgment in an
 amount provided by the rules and regulations  of  the  bureau.  However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and  before  a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau
 shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such  operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1)  of  the  violation charged, or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance  with  sections
 eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of
 chapters  twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter
 alleged  or  liability  in  accordance  with  section  two thousand nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of  nineteen hundred fifty alleged or liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)  of the impending default judgment, (3) that such

 A. 8832--A                         29
 
 judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the  city  in  which  the
 bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any
 other  place  provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state
 of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or
 contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with  sections  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chap-
 ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand  nine]  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty  or  contesting  an
 allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, OR
 CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appear-
 ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and
 allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
 prescribed for entering a plea  or  contesting  an  allegation.  When  a
 person  has  demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them,  he  or  she
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   §  7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 7-a of chapters 145  and  148  of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter of the person charged, or the
 record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter, or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the
 record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABIL-
 ITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a
 final  determination.  Final  determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the

 A. 8832--A                         30
 
 bureau  together  with  records showing payment and nonpayment of penal-
 ties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this chapter [as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws  of  two
 thousand  nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of
 this   chapter,   or   in   accordance   with   section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, or fails to  contest  an  allegation  of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this
 chapter, or fails to contest an  allegation  of  liability  incurred  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or
 fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead,  contest,  appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and  regulations  of
 the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
 prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class  mail  as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
 or liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter, [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty,  and  twenty-
 two  of  the  laws  of  two thousand nine] or in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or liability  in  accord-
 ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter
 alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
 of this chapter alleged, OR ALLEGED LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of the impending default
 judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil  Court  of
 the  city  in  which  the bureau has been established, or other court of
 civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the  entry  of  civil
 judgments  within  the  state of New York, and (4) that a default may be
 avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of  liability  in
 accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine] or  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this  chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contesting an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 OR  CONTESTING  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate,  or  making  an

 A. 8832--A                         31
 
 appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
 entered and allegations contested within that period  shall  be  in  the
 manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or
 fee.  Such  notice  of  impending default judgment shall not be required
 prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the  case  of  operators  or
 owners  who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall
 a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending
 default judgment be sent, more than two years after  the  expiration  of
 the  time  prescribed  for  entering a plea or contesting an allegation.
 When a person has demanded a  hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty  shall  be
 imposed  for  any  reason,  prior  to the holding of the hearing. If the
 hearing examiner shall make a determination on the  charges,  sustaining
 them,  he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon
 which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-b of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter  of  the  person
 charged,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the  person  charged,
 or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities  incurred
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or
 the record of liabilities incurred in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF
 LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E
 OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering
 a final determination. Final  determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau  together  with  records showing payment and nonpayment of penal-
 ties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  or  contest
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or
 fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an allega-
 tion of liability incurred in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this
 chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or
 fails to appear on a designated hearing  date  or  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  fails  after  a  hearing to comply with the determination of a
 hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation
 of the bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be  deemed,
 for  all  purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for
 rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided  by  the

 A. 8832--A                         32

 rules  and  regulations  of the bureau. However, after the expiration of
 the original date prescribed for entering a plea and  before  a  default
 judgment  may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the
 applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
 of  first  class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation
 charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  seven-
 ty-four-a of this chapter, or liability in accordance with section elev-
 en  hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter, or liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or alleged liability in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or
 alleged  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter, or alleged liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of  this  chapter,  OR  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGA-
 TION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of  the  sending
 of  such  notice.  Pleas  entered  AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that
 period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and  not  subject
 to  additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment
 shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry  thereof  in  the
 case  of  operators  or owners who are non-residents of the state of New
 York. In no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be  rendered  or,  where
 required,  a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two
 years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR
 CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no  fine
 or  penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the
 hearing. If the hearing examiner  shall  make  a  determination  on  the
 charges,  sustaining  them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or
 fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-c of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine  either
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
 chapter  of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of
 the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter of the person
 charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section

 A. 8832--A                         33
 
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this
 chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE
 PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.
 Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall  be  entered
 on  a  final  determination  roll maintained by the bureau together with
 records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  or  contest
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter  or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails
 to  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  incurred  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or fails to  contest  an
 allegation  of  liability  incurred  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION  OF
 LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subse-
 quent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the  deter-
 mination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule
 or  regulation  of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or
 comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability  and
 shall  be  grounds  for  rendering and entering a default judgment in an
 amount provided by the rules and regulations  of  the  bureau.  However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and  before  a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau
 shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such  operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1)  of  the  violation  charged or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this
 chapter  alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this  chapter  alleged,  OR  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the
 impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will  be  entered  in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other  court  of  civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the
 entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and  (4)  that  a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability  in  accordance  with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of
 this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an  appearance
 within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND
 ALLEGATIONS  CONTESTED  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to

 A. 8832--A                         34
 
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
 prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING  AN  ALLEGATION.    When  a
 person  has  demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them,  he  OR  SHE
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   §  7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 7-d of chapters 145  and  148  of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this  chapter  of
 the  person  charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of  this  chapter  of  the  person
 charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE
 RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior  to
 rendering  a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or
 dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll  main-
 tained  by  the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay-
 ment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  or  contest
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter  or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter or
 contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of  this  chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date  or  subse-
 quent  adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the deter-
 mination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule
 or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST,  appear  or
 comply  shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and
 shall be grounds for rendering and entering a  default  judgment  in  an
 amount  provided  by  the  rules and regulations of the bureau. However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case  the  bureau
 shall  pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1) of the violation charged or liability  in  accordance  with  section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of  this  chapter
 alleged  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
 of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN

 A. 8832--A                         35
 
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default
 judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil  Court  of
 the  city  in  which  the bureau has been established, or other court of
 civil  jurisdiction  or  any other place provided for the entry of civil
 judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a  default  may  be
 avoided  by  entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of  this  chapter
 or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN  ALLEGATION  OF
 LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days  of  the  sending  of
 such  notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period
 shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi-
 tional penalty or fee.  Such notice of impending default judgment  shall
 not  be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of
 operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New  York.  In
 no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be rendered or, where required, a
 notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years  after
 the  expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING
 AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-e of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR THE RECORD OF LIABIL-
 ITIES  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER of the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering  a
 final  determination or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person
 charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.  Final
 determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing charges shall be entered on a
 final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with  records
 showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability incurred
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this  chapter  OR
 CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on  a  desig-
 nated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing
 to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this  article  or  by  rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to

 A. 8832--A                         36
 
 plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all  purposes,  an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
 prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of  this chapter or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABIL-
 ITY  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER
 or making an appearance within  thirty  days  of  the  sending  of  such
 notice.    Pleas  entered  AND  ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period
 shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi-
 tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default  judgment  shall
 not  be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of
 operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New  York.  In
 no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be rendered or, where required, a
 notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years  after
 the  expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING
 AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-g. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-f of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 the  record  of  liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR THE RECORD OF  LIABILITIES  INCURRED
 IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER of
 the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a  final  determi-
 nation.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be
 entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau  together
 with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest

 A. 8832--A                         37
 
 an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  or  fails  to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent
 adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination
 of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regu-
 lation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear  or  comply
 shall  be  deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall
 be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment  in  an  amount
 provided  by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the
 expiration of the original date  prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and
 before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall
 pursuant  to  the  applicable  provisions of law notify such operator or
 owner, by such form of first class mail as the  commission  may  direct;
 (1)  of  the  violation  charged or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER or
 making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of  such  notice.
 Pleas  entered  AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in
 the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penal-
 ty or fee. Such notice  of  impending  default  judgment  shall  not  be
 required  prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera-
 tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of  New  York.  In  no
 case  shall  a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice
 of impending default judgment be sent, more than  two  years  after  the
 expiration  of  the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN
 ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-h. Subdivision 1 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he OR SHE may examine  EITHER
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  OR  THE  RECORD  OF LIABILITIES
 INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER of the person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a final
 determination.  Final  determinations  sustaining  or dismissing charges
 shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the  bureau
 together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   § 7-i. Subdivision 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended  by  chapter  365  of  the  laws  of 1978, is amended to read as
 follows:
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  OR  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails

 A. 8832--A                         38
 
 to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
 fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
 examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
 bureau,  such  failure  to  plead,  CONTEST,  appear  or comply shall be
 deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds
 for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount  provided  by
 the  rules  and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration
 of the original date prescribed for entering a  plea  OR  CONTESTING  AN
 ALLEGATION  and  before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case
 the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable  provisions  of  law  notify
 such  operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commis-
 sion may direct; (1) of the violation charged, OR LIABILITY  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  OR  CONTESTING
 AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty  days  of
 the  sending  of  such  notice.  Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED
 within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the  notice  and
 not  subject  to  additional  penalty  or  fee. Such notice of impending
 default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and  entry
 thereof  in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the
 state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be  rendered  or,
 where  required,  a  notice  of impending default judgment be sent, more
 than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for  entering
 a  plea  OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hear-
 ing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason,  prior  to  the
 holding  of  the  hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determi-
 nation on the charges, sustaining them, he OR SHE shall impose no great-
 er penalty or fine than those  upon  which  the  person  was  originally
 charged.
   §  8.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 1180-e to read as follows:
   § 1180-E. OWNER LIABILITY FOR  FAILURE  OF  OPERATOR  TO  COMPLY  WITH
 CERTAIN  POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION IS  HEREBY  AUTHOR-
 IZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON
 THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH
 POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED  LIMITS  IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE
 WORK AREA LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER  THE  COMMISSION-
 ER'S  JURISDICTION  (I)  WHEN  A  WORK  AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS
 PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF  SUBDIVISION  (D)  OR  SUBDIVISION  (F)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED
 LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR  PARAGRAPH
 ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
 SUCH  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  SHALL  EMPOWER THE COMMISSIONER TO INSTALL
 PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION  OR
 MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREAS LOCATED ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE
 COMMISSIONER'S JURISDICTION AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH WORK
 AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN  EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED  IN
 PARAGRAPH  TWO  OF  SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED  LIMITS  ARE  IN
 EFFECT  AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDI-

 A. 8832--A                         39
 
 VISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE.    THE
 COMMISSIONER, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE DIVISION OF
 STATE  POLICE,  SHALL DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR  MAINTENANCE  WORK AREAS LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER
 THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER IN WHICH  TO  INSTALL  AND  OPERATE
 PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEMS.  IN  SELECTING  A  HIGHWAY
 CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE  A
 PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE COMMISSIONER SHALL CONSIDER
 CRITERIA  INCLUDING,  BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY,
 AND ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR  MAINTE-
 NANCE WORK AREA.
   2.  NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, THE CHAIR OF THE THRU-
 WAY AUTHORITY IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM
 IMPOSING  MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN
 OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN A HIGHWAY
 CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY (I) WHEN  A
 WORK  AREA  SPEED  LIMIT  IS  IN  EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF
 SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  ARTICLE  OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED
 IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM  SHALL
 EMPOWER  THE  CHAIR  TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
 WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK  AREAS  LOCATED  ON  THE
 THRUWAY  AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH WORK AREAS (III) WHEN A
 WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED  IN  PARAGRAPH  TWO  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (D)  OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED
 IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. THE CHAIR, IN CONSULTATION WITH
 THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE DIVISION OF STATE POLICE, SHALL DETERMINE  THE
 LOCATION  OF  THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED
 ON THE THRUWAY IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND  OPERATE  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEMS.  IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE
 WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION  MONI-
 TORING  SYSTEM,  THE  CHAIR  SHALL  CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICA-
 BLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA.
   3. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE USED IN A HIGH-
 WAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO
 BE USED IT HAS SUCCESSFULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST  OF  ITS  FUNCTIONS;  AND
 (II)  IT HAS UNDERGONE AN ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT TO
 PARAGRAPH FIVE OF THIS SUBDIVISION. THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS APPLI-
 CABLE, SHALL INSTALL SIGNS GIVING NOTICE THAT A  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEM  IS IN USE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED
 IN THE MUTCD.
   4. OPERATORS OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEMS  SHALL  HAVE
 COMPLETED  TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND OPER-
 ATING SUCH SYSTEMS. EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN  A  DAILY
 SET-UP  LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I) STATES
 THE DATE AND TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM  WAS  SET  UP
 THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND
 THE  SYSTEM  PASSED,  THE  SELF-TESTS  OF SUCH SYSTEM BEFORE PRODUCING A
 RECORDED IMAGE THAT DAY. THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR,  AS  APPLICABLE,
 SHALL  RETAIN  EACH  SUCH DAILY LOG UNTIL THE LATER OF THE DATE ON WHICH
 THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN
 PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE  OR  THE  FINAL  RESOLUTION  OF  ALL  CASES

 A. 8832--A                         40
 
 INVOLVING  NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEO OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM.
   5. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU-
 AL  CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION LABORATORY
 WHICH SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. THE  COMMISSIONER
 OR  THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHALL KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF
 CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING  A
 NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY ISSUED DURING SUCH YEAR WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTO-
 GRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY
 SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM.
   6. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
 TO ENSURE, TO THE  EXTENT  PRACTICABLE,  THAT  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY  THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV-
 ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 DISMISSED  SOLELY  BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH, MICROPHOTOGRAPH, VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE
 PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE  COMMISSIONER  OR  THE
 CHAIR,  AS APPLICABLE, SHOWS THAT THEY MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY
 WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN SUCH CASE.
   (II) PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGE  FROM  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE FOR THE
 EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE,  FOR  THE
 PURPOSE  OF  THE  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY  IMPOSED  PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT  TO
 THIS  SECTION,  AND  SHALL BE DESTROYED BY THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS
 APPLICABLE, UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  TO
 WHICH  SUCH  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF SUCH NOTICE
 OF LIABILITY, WHICHEVER IS LATER. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF  ANY
 OTHER  LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGE  FROM  A  PHOTO  SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT
 TO  CIVIL  OR  CRIMINAL  PROCESS  OR DISCOVERY, NOR USED BY ANY COURT OR
 ADMINISTRATIVE OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING  THEREIN
 EXCEPT  THAT  WHICH  IS  NECESSARY  FOR  THE ADJUDICATION OF A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION,  AND  NO  PUBLIC  ENTITY  OR
 EMPLOYEE,  OFFICER  OR  AGENT  THEREOF  SHALL DISCLOSE SUCH INFORMATION,
 EXCEPT THAT SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS:
   (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE  OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
 OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND
   (B) (1) SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH  WARRANT  ISSUED
 BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
 SIX  HUNDRED  NINETY  OF  THE  CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A FEDERAL COURT
 AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE  SUCH
 SEARCH  WARRANT  STATES  THAT  THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH
 INFORMATION CONSTITUTES EVIDENCE OF, OR TENDS  TO  DEMONSTRATE  THAT,  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR  FELONY  OFFENSE  WAS COMMITTED IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER
 STATE, OR THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION  OF  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
 COURT SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH  OFFENSE

 A. 8832--A                         41

 WOULD,  IF  OCCURRING  IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY
 AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND
   (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
 A  JUDGE  OF  COMPETENT  JURISDICTION AND ISSUED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX
 HUNDRED TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF  A
 FEDERAL  COURT  AUTHORIZED  TO  ISSUE  SUCH A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM UNDER
 FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
 REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
 THE PROSECUTION, OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY  AN  AUTHORIZED
 LAW  ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR OR
 FELONY IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT  IF  SUCH
 OFFENSE  WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE
 SHALL ONLY ISSUE SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT  COMPRISING  SUCH  OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
 THIS STATE; AND
   (3)  MAY,  IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND CLAUSE (A)
 OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH  CRIMINAL
 ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
   (B)  IF  THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM
 PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION,  THE  OWNER  OF  A  VEHICLE
 SHALL  BE  LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH
 VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE  OWNER,  EXPRESS
 OR  IMPLIED,  WITHIN  A  HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION  OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA
 LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER  THE  JURISDICTION  OF  THE
 COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY IN VIOLATION OF PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F), OR WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT IN
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D),
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAV-
 ELING  AT A SPEED OF MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE POSTED SPEED
 LIMIT IN EFFECT WITHIN SUCH HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION  OR  MAINTENANCE  WORK
 AREA,  AND  SUCH  VIOLATION  IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A
 PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO  OWNER
 OF  A  VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS  BEEN  CONVICTED  OF  THE
 UNDERLYING  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL  HAVE  THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "CHAIR" SHALL MEAN THE CHAIR OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORI-
 TY;
   2. "COMMISSIONER" SHALL MEAN THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION;
   3.  "MANUAL  ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD" SHALL MEAN
 THE MANUAL AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM  OF  TRAFFIC  CONTROL
 DEVICES  MAINTAINED  BY  THE  COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO
 SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
   4. "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE  TWO-B  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER;
   5.  "PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE
 SENSOR INSTALLED TO WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A  SPEED  MEASURING  DEVICE
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE
 TIME  IT  IS  USED  OR OPERATED IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE
 WORK AREA LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER THE  JURISDICTION
 OF  THE  COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION;

 A. 8832--A                         42
 
   6.  "THRUWAY AUTHORITY" SHALL MEAN THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORI-
 TY, A BODY CORPORATE  AND  POLITIC  CONSTITUTING  A  PUBLIC  CORPORATION
 CREATED  AND  CONSTITUTED  PURSUANT  TO TITLE NINE OF ARTICLE TWO OF THE
 PUBLIC AUTHORITIES LAW; AND
   7.  "THRUWAY"  SHALL MEAN GENERALLY A DIVIDED HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURIS-
 DICTION OF THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY FOR MIXED TRAFFIC WITH  ACCESS  LIMITED
 AS  THE  AUTHORITY MAY DETERMINE AND GENERALLY WITH GRADE SEPARATIONS AT
 INTERSECTIONS.
   (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A  TECHNICIAN  EMPLOYED  BY
 THE  COMMISSIONER  OR CHAIR AS APPLICABLE, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED
 UPON INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER
 RECORDED  IMAGES  PRODUCED BY A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM,
 SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTO-
 GRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES  EVIDENCING
 SUCH A VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES
 OF THE REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT
 NEAR  THE MOTOR VEHICLE AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION REASONABLY
 IN ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E) AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (D),  (F)  OR
 (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A
 DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTABLISHED PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  SHALL  BE
 LIABLE  FOR  MONETARY  PENALTIES  NOT  TO  EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR EACH
 VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT  IN  EXCESS
 OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION MAY BE IMPOSED FOR THE FAILURE
 TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB-
 LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION  AS  AN
 OPERATOR  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  MADE  PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE
 PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR
 INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN FOURTEEN BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH OWNER IS
 A  RESIDENT  OF  THIS  STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH
 OWNER IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE  OWNER  SHALL  NOT  BE
 REQUIRED.  A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDI-
 NARY COURSE OF BUSINESS SHALL BE  PRIMA  FACIE  EVIDENCE  OF  THE  FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE
 PURSUANT TO  THIS  SECTION,  THE  REGISTRATION  NUMBER  OF  THE  VEHICLE
 INVOLVED  IN  SUCH  VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK
 PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF
 THE CAMERA WHICH  RECORDED  THE  VIOLATION  OR  OTHER  DOCUMENT  LOCATOR
 NUMBER,  AT  LEAST  TWO  DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE
 MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY  OBJECT  NEAR  THE  MOTOR
 VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY.
   3.  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
 THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
 CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO
 CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION  OF
 LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.

 A. 8832--A                         43
 
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE COMMIS-
 SIONER  OR CHAIR AS APPLICABLE, OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE
 COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (H)  ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS SECTION
 SHALL BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO  SECTION
 THREE  HUNDRED  SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW WHERE THE VIOLATION
 OCCURRED OR, IF THERE BE NONE, BY THE  COURT  HAVING  JURISDICTION  OVER
 TRAFFIC  INFRACTIONS WHERE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED, EXCEPT THAT IF A CITY
 HAS  ESTABLISHED  AN  ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL  TO  HEAR  AND  DETERMINE
 COMPLAINTS  OF  TRAFFIC  INFRACTIONS  CONSTITUTING  PARKING, STANDING OR
 STOPPING VIOLATIONS SUCH CITY MAY, BY LOCAL LAW, AUTHORIZE SUCH  ADJUDI-
 CATION BY SUCH TRIBUNAL.
   (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE
 OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS  REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  DEPARTMENT  AS
 HAVING  BEEN  STOLEN,  IT  SHALL  BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT  THE
 VEHICLE  OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED
 TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD
 NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF ASSERTING  THE  DEFENSE
 PROVIDED  BY  THIS  SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED
 COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE  STOLEN  VEHICLE  OR  NUMBER  PLATE  OR
 PLATES  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  BE  SENT  BY  FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE TRAFFIC
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU,  COURT  HAVING  JURISDICTION  OR  PARKING  VIOLATIONS
 BUREAU.
   (J)  1. WHERE THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS PURSU-
 ANT TO THIS SECTION IS BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR A COURT  HAVING
 JURISDICTION, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY  WAS  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION,
 PROVIDED THAT HE OR SHE SENDS TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR  COURT
 HAVING  JURISDICTION  A COPY OF THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT
 DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF THE  VIOLATION,  WITH  THE
 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY LEGIBLE, WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS
 AFTER  RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OR COURT OF THE DATE AND TIME OF
 SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER  INFORMATION  CONTAINED  IN  THE
 ORIGINAL  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY. FAILURE TO SEND SUCH INFORMATION WITHIN
 SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN DAY TIME PERIOD SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR  THE
 PENALTY  PRESCRIBED BY THIS SECTION.  WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE
 PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE  OF
 SUCH  VIOLATION  SHALL  BE  DEEMED  TO  BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR
 PURPOSES OF  THIS  SECTION,  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO  LIABILITY  FOR  THE
 VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION  AND  SHALL  BE  SENT  A
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION.
   2.  (I) IN A CITY WHICH, BY LOCAL LAW, HAS AUTHORIZED THE ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION BY A PARKING VIOLATIONS
 BUREAU, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A  VEHICLE  TO  WHICH  A  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  WAS  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT:
   (A)  PRIOR  TO  THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH THE BUREAU IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION  TWO  HUNDRED  THIRTY-NINE  OF
 THIS CHAPTER; AND

 A. 8832--A                         44
 
   (B) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OF
 THE  DATE  AND  TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION
 CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS TO THE
 BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE IDENTI-
 FIED  IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER
 WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL, LEASE OR
 OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY  REQUIRED  BY  THE  BUREAU
 PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
   (II)  FAILURE  TO  COMPLY  WITH CLAUSE (B) OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS
 PARAGRAPH SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE  PENALTY  PRESCRIBED  IN
 THIS SECTION.
   (III) WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH,
 THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED
 TO  BE  THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE
 SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  AND
 SHALL  BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS
 SECTION.
   (K) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),
 (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO
 THIS SECTION WAS NOT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE
 VIOLATION,  THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF  A
 VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME  SUCH  OPERATOR  OPERATED  SUCH
 VEHICLE  IN  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.  FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION
 THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER-
 ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERA-
 TOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),  (F)  OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (L)  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
 OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (M) IF THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSU-
 ANT  TO  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF THIS SECTION THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS
 APPLICABLE, SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON THE RESULTS  OF
 THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE
 SENATE  AND  THE  SPEAKER  OF THE ASSEMBLY ON OR BEFORE DECEMBER THIRTY-
 FIRST, TWO THOUSAND TWENTY-FOUR.  SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE:
   1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND  SEVERITY  OF  CRASHES,  FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR
 MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURISDIC-
 TION  OF  THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMA-
 TION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR
 VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   3. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND  SEVERITY  OF  CRASHES,  FATALITIES,
 INJURIES  AND  PROPERTY  DAMAGE  REPORTED WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR
 MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS WHERE PHOTO SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEMS
 WERE  USED,  TO  THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMIS-
 SIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   4. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL  HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURIS-

 A. 8832--A                         45
 
 DICTION  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER  OR ON THE THRUWAY, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A
 DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION  IS  MAIN-
 TAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF
 THIS STATE;
   5.  THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM
 IS USED, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   6. TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED  BY  THE  COMMISSIONER,
 CHAIR  OR  THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE, THE NUMBER OF
 VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE  WORK
 AREAS  ON  CONTROLLED-ACCESS  HIGHWAYS  UNDER  THE  JURISDICTION  OF THE
 COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY THAT WERE:
   (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES  PER  HOUR  OVER  THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   7.  THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM
 IS USED THAT WERE:
   (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES  PER  HOUR  OVER  THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   8.  THE  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   9. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE  FIRST
 NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, TO
 THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER,  CHAIR  OR
 THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU-
 DICATIONS  INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY
 THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT  OF  MOTOR  VEHICLES  OF  THIS
 STATE;
   11.  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT  OF  REVENUE  REALIZED BY THE STATE OR THRUWAY
 AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM;
   12. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE STATE OR  THE  THRUWAY  AUTHORITY  IN
 CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; AND
   13.  THE  QUALITY  OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS, TO THE
 EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR  OR  THE
 DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE.
   (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS
 ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH PHOTO SPEED  VIOLATION  MONI-
 TORING SYSTEM WAS MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE ALLEGED VIOLATION.
   §  9.  The  opening  paragraph  and  paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of
 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as  separately  amended  by
 section  10  of  chapter 145 and section 9 of chapter 148 of the laws of
 2019, are amended to read as follows:

 A. 8832--A                         46
 
   Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of  this
 state  result  in  a  conviction  for an offense under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
 or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
 infraction  involving  standing,  stopping,  or parking or violations by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of  this  chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation  of
 a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined in such section, or other than an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of section eleven hundred eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or other than an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR  A  VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  there  shall  be  levied  a  crime victim assistance fee and a
 mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required  or  permitted
 by law, in accordance with the following schedule:
   (c)  Whenever  proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for  an  offense  under  this  chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
 chapter,  or  a  traffic  infraction under this chapter, or a local law,
 ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to  this  chapter,  other
 than  a  traffic  infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-a  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or other than an infraction pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations  pursuant
 to  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than

 A. 8832--A                         47
 
 an adjudication in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  for  a  violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter,  or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d  of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF
 AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a  crime  victim
 assistance  fee in the amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge,
 in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the  amount
 of fifty-five dollars.
   §  9-a.  The  opening  paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of
 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of
 chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of  this
 state  result  in  a  conviction  for an offense under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
 or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, or  parking  or  violations  by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an  adjudication  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of
 a bus lane restriction as defined in such  section,  or  other  than  an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
 dication  of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, OR
 OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of section eleven hundred  seventy-four  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,
 there shall be levied a crime victim  assistance  fee  and  a  mandatory
 surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
 accordance with the following schedule:

 A. 8832--A                         48
 
   (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a  court  of
 this  state  result  in  a  conviction for an offense under this chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
 chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter,  or  a  local  law,
 ordinance,  rule  or  regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other
 than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping,  or  parking  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-a of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  infraction  pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
 an  adjudication  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
 this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF
 AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a crime victim  assist-
 ance  fee  in  the  amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge, in
 addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount  of
 fifty-five dollars.
   §  9-b.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-a of chapter 145 and section 9-a  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip-
 ment  or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other

 A. 8832--A                         49
 
 than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdi-
 vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN
 OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory  surcharge,
 in  addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount
 of twenty-five dollars.
   § 9-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  separately amended by section 10-b of chapter 145 and section 9-b of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
 vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 OR  OTHER  THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or other than an adjudication  of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter,
 there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
 required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-d.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-c of chapter 145 and section 9-c  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication

 A. 8832--A                         50
 
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, OR
 OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of section eleven hundred  seventy-four  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,
 there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
 required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 9-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  separately amended by section 10-d of chapter 145 and section 9-d of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
 (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN
 AN  ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be
 levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any  sentence  required  or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-f.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-f of chapter 145 and section 9-f  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN

 A. 8832--A                         51
 
 AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  there  shall  be
 levied  a  mandatory  surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 9-g. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  separately amended by section 10-g of chapter 145 and section 9-g of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
 (g)  of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN  ADJU-
 DICATION  OF  LIABILITY  OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  there  shall  be
 levied  a  mandatory  surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 9-h. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  separately  amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and chapter 62
 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a
 mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required  or  permitted
 by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  10.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11 of chapter 145  and
 section  10  of  chapter  148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this

 A. 8832--A                         52
 
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap-
 ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined in such section, and [expect] EXCEPT an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and
 except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  toll
 collection  regulations  pursuant  to  section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)
 of section eleven hundred eighty of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDI-
 CATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall
 be levied in addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty  or  other  surcharge
 required  or  permitted  by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight
 dollars.
   § 10-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 145 of the laws of
 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap-
 ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined in such section, and [expect] EXCEPT an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, AND
 EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF  AN  OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a

 A. 8832--A                         53
 
 violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
 sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
 to  any  sentence,  penalty  or other surcharge required or permitted by
 law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   § 10-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as separately amended by section 11-a of chapter 145
 and section 10-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter,  and  except  an adjudication in accordance with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined  in such section, and except an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
 or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
 adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 AND  EXCEPT  AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou-
 sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
 to  any  sentence,  penalty  or other surcharge required or permitted by
 law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   § 10-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as separately amended by section 11-b of chapter 145
 and section 10-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-

 A. 8832--A                         54
 
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b  of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an
 owner for a violation of subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF
 LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (D),  (F)  OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except  an  adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regu-
 lations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, there shall be levied in addition to  any  sentence,  penalty  or
 other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of
 twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-c  of  chapter  145
 and  section 10-c of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF  AN
 OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liabil-
 ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations  pursuant
 to  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there  shall
 be  levied  in  addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty or other surcharge
 required or permitted by law, an additional  surcharge  of  twenty-eight
 dollars.
   §  10-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-e  of  chapter  145
 and  section 10-e of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read
 as follows:

 A. 8832--A                         55
 
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER
 FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability
 of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations  pursuant  to
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall
 be levied in addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty  or  other  surcharge
 required  or  permitted  by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight
 dollars.
   § 10-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as separately amended by section 11-f of chapter 145
 and section 10-f of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a  of
 this  chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d  of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an
 owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section
 two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty,  there  shall  be
 levied  in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.

 A. 8832--A                         56
 
   § 10-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and traffic law,  as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of the
 laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter,  AND  EXCEPT  AS  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  11.  Subparagraph  (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section
 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by  section  8
 of  chapter  145  and  section 11 of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
 traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  or  administrative  tribunal  of  appropriate
 jurisdiction  that the registrant or his or her representative failed to
 appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed  to
 comply  with  the  rules  and  regulations of an administrative tribunal
 following entry of a final decision in response to a total of  three  or
 more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eigh-
 teen  month  period,  charging  either  that: (i) such motor vehicle was
 parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for
 hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed  as  a
 motor  vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation
 of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance,  rule
 or  regulation  made  by  a  local authority; or (ii) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a, section elev-
 en hundred eleven-b or section eleven hundred eleven-d of  this  chapter
 for  a  violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of
 this chapter; or (iii) the registrant  was  liable  in  accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus
 lane  restriction as defined in such section, or (iv) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chap-
 ter  for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter, or (vi) the registrant was liable in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this  chapter;  or
 (vii)  the  registrant  was  liable  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven
 hundred seventy-four of this chapter, or (vii) the registrant was liable

 A. 8832--A                         57
 
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty  of
 this  chapter,  OR  (VIII)  THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the regis-
 tration  or  renewal application until the applicant provides proof from
 the court, traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or  administrative
 tribunal  wherein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer
 has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal  that  he  or
 she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal follow-
 ing  entry  of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant
 to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny  a
 registration  or  renewal  application  to any other person for the same
 vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other
 motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the  commis-
 sioner  has  determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade
 the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has  reason-
 able  grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the
 effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial  shall
 only  remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in
 the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails  to  comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  11-a. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section
 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8  of  chapter
 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of  there  is  a  certification from a court, parking violations bureau,
 traffic and parking violations  agency  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  or [adminstrative] ADMINISTRATIVE tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
 total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
 issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
 motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
 cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
 being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
 authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
 any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a,  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  or section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane  restriction as defined in such
 section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (vi) the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e
 of this chapter for a violation of subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven  of  this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter
 for  a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter,
 OR (VIII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN

 A. 8832--A                         58

 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  the
 commissioner  or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal
 application  until  the applicant provides proof from the court, traffic
 and parking violations agency or  administrative  tribunal  wherein  the
 charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the
 case  of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the
 rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final  deci-
 sion.  Where  an  application  is  denied  pursuant to this section, the
 commissioner may, in his or  her  discretion,  deny  a  registration  or
 renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may
 deny a registration or renewal application for any other  motor  vehicle
 registered  in  the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has
 determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the  purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe  that  such  registration  or  renewal  will  have the effect of
 defeating the purposes of  this  subdivision.  Such  denial  shall  only
 remain  in  effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
 case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply  with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  11-b.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-a of chapter 145  of
 the laws of 2019 and section 11-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019. is
 amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
 total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
 issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
 motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
 cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
 being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
 authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
 any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-b  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter;  or  (iii)  the  registrant  was
 liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
 ter for a violation of  a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined  in  such
 section;  or  (iv)  the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (v) the regis-
 trant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of
 this  chapter  for  a  violation  of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter ; or (vi)  the  registrant
 was  liable  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four  of  this  chapter;  or
 [(vii)]  (VIII)  the  registrant  was  liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-

 A. 8832--A                         59
 
 ter; OR (IX) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  the
 commissioner  or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal
 application until the applicant provides proof from the court or  admin-
 istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
 answer  has  been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that
 he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of  said  tribunal
 following  entry  of  a  final  decision. Where an application is denied
 pursuant  to  this  section,  the  commissioner  may,  in  his  or   her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 11-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-b of chapter 145 and
 section  11-b  of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
 or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii)
 the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter,[,]  or  the registrant was liable in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v)  the  registrant  was  liable  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter;  or  (VI)  THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
 OR (vii) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven

 A. 8832--A                         60
 
 hundred  seventy-four  of  this  chapter, the commissioner or his or her
 agent shall deny the  registration  or  renewal  application  until  the
 applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
 ein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made
 or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
 with the rules and regulations of said tribunal  following  entry  of  a
 final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
 the  commissioner  may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or
 renewal application to any other person for the  same  vehicle  and  may
 deny  a  registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle
 registered in the name of  the  applicant  where  the  commissioner  has
 determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe that such registration  or  renewal  will  have  the  effect  of
 defeating  the  purposes  of  this  subdivision.  Such denial shall only
 remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in  the
 case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-c of chapter 145 and
 section  11-c  of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
 or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter;  or  (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for  violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter,[,]  or  the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty  of  this  chapter;  or
 (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (v)  THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER; OR (VI) the registrant was liable in accordance
 with section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  section  eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the
 commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or  renewal
 application  until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin-
 istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
 answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribunal  that
 he  or  she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal

 A. 8832--A                         61
 
 following entry of a final decision.  Where  an  application  is  denied
 pursuant   to  this  section,  the  commissioner  may,  in  his  or  her
 discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
 person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  11-e.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-d of chapter 145 and
 section 11-d of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read  as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
 hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by  a  local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for  violations  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the registrant
 was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  for  a  violation  of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER,  or  the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section
 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his  or
 her  agent  shall deny the registration or renewal application until the
 applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
 ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has  been  made
 or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
 with  the  rules  and  regulations of said tribunal following entry of a
 final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
 the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a  registration  or
 renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may
 deny a registration or renewal application for any other  motor  vehicle
 registered  in  the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has
 determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the  purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe  that  such  registration  or  renewal  will  have the effect of

 A. 8832--A                         62
 
 defeating the purposes of  this  subdivision.  Such  denial  shall  only
 remain  in  effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
 case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply  with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  11-f.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-f of chapter 145 and
 section 11-f of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read  as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
 hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by  a  local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for  violations  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT
 WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  FOR  A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was  liable  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this  chapter,
 the  commissioner  or  his  or  her agent shall deny the registration or
 renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or
 administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an  appear-
 ance  or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribu-
 nal that he has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal
 following entry of a final decision.  Where  an  application  is  denied
 pursuant   to  this  section,  the  commissioner  may,  in  his  or  her
 discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
 person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  11-g.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-g of chapter 145 and
 section 11-g of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read  as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  OR  HER  represen-

 A. 8832--A                         63
 
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant  or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for
 hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority, or the registrant was  liable  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, or the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
 of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)
 of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS
 LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAP-
 TER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEV-
 EN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER agent
 shall deny the registration or renewal application until  the  applicant
 provides  proof  from  the  court or administrative tribunal wherein the
 charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the
 case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with  the
 rules  and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final deci-
 sion. Where an application is  denied  pursuant  to  this  section,  the
 commissioner  may,  in  his  OR  HER  discretion, deny a registration or
 renewal application to any other person for the  same  vehicle  and  may
 deny  a  registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle
 registered in the name of  the  applicant  where  the  commissioner  has
 determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe that such registration  or  renewal  will  have  the  effect  of
 defeating  the  purposes  of  this  subdivision.  Such denial shall only
 remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in  the
 case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-h. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as separately amended by chapters 339 and 592 of the
 laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his OR HER represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant  or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for
 hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER agent shall deny the regis-
 tration  or  renewal application until the applicant provides proof from
 the court or administrative tribunal wherein  the  charges  are  pending

 A. 8832--A                         64
 
 that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an adminis-
 trative  tribunal  that  he OR SHE has complied with the rules and regu-
 lations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision.  Where  an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his OR HER discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 12. The general municipal law is amended by  adding  a  new  section
 371-a to read as follows:
   §  371-A. ADDITIONAL JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE RELATED TO THE ADJUDI-
 CATION OF CERTAIN NOTICES OF  LIABILITY.  A  TRAFFIC  VIOLATIONS  BUREAU
 ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO  SUBDIVISION  ONE  AND  A  TRAFFIC AND PARKING
 VIOLATIONS AGENCY ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO  SUBDIVISION  TWO  OF  SECTION
 THREE  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS ARTICLE MAY BE AUTHORIZED TO ADJUDI-
 CATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THE VEHICLE AND  TRAFFIC  LAW
 PURSUANT  TO  A  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC  LAW,  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE.
   § 13. Section 1803 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding
 two new subdivisions 11 and 12 to read as follows:
   11.  EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF
 THIS SECTION, WHERE THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION HAS ESTABLISHED A
 DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER  OF  A
 VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE  OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  ANY
 FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGISTRATE OR OTHER OFFICER
 FOR  AN  IMPOSITION  OF  LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS PURSUANT TO SUCH PROGRAM
 SHALL BE PAID TO THE STATE COMPTROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF  THE
 MONTH FOLLOWING COLLECTION. EVERY SUCH PAYMENT SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A
 STATEMENT  IN SUCH FORM AND DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PROVIDE. THE
 COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY EIGHTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY IMPOSED
 FOR SUCH LIABILITY TO THE GENERAL FUND, AND TWENTY PERCENT OF  ANY  SUCH
 FINE  OR  PENALTY  TO  THE  CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE IN WHICH THE VIOLATION
 GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED.  ALL FINES, PENALTIES AND FORFEI-
 TURES PAID TO A CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
 SUBDIVISION SHALL BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND OF SUCH CITY, TOWN  OR
 VILLAGE,  UNLESS  A  DIFFERENT  DISPOSITION  IS  PRESCRIBED  BY CHARTER,
 SPECIAL LAW, LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE.
   12. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE  OF
 THIS  SECTION,  WHERE  THE CHAIR OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORITY
 HAS ESTABLISHED A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY  LIABILITY  ON
 THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  ANY FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGISTRATE OR
 OTHER OFFICER FOR AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH  OCCURS  PURSUANT  TO

 A. 8832--A                         65
 
 SUCH PROGRAM SHALL BE PAID TO THE STATE COMPTROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN
 DAYS  OF  THE  MONTH  FOLLOWING  COLLECTION. EVERY SUCH PAYMENT SHALL BE
 ACCOMPANIED BY A STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND DETAIL  AS  THE  COMPTROLLER
 SHALL PROVIDE. THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY EIGHTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE
 OR  PENALTY  IMPOSED  FOR  SUCH  LIABILITY TO THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY, AND
 TWENTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR  VILLAGE
 IN  WHICH  THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED.  FOR THE
 PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION, THE TERM "THRUWAY  AUTHORITY"  SHALL  MEAN
 THE  NEW  YORK  STATE  THRUWAY  AUTHORITY,  A BODY CORPORATE AND POLITIC
 CONSTITUTING A PUBLIC CORPORATION CREATED AND  CONSTITUTED  PURSUANT  TO
 TITLE  NINE  OF  ARTICLE  TWO  OF THE PUBLIC AUTHORITIES LAW. ALL FINES,
 PENALTIES AND FORFEITURES PAID TO A CITY, TOWN OR  VILLAGE  PURSUANT  TO
 THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND
 OF  SUCH  CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE,  UNLESS  A  DIFFERENT DISPOSITION IS
 PRESCRIBED BY  CHARTER, SPECIAL LAW, LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE.
   § 14. Subdivision 2 of section  87  of  the  public  officers  law  is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (r) to read as follows:
   (R)  ARE  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E
 OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   §  15.  The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program
 pursuant to section 1180-e of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law  shall  be
 subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law.
   §  16.  This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
 have become a law and shall expire 5 years  after  such  effective  date
 when upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed;
 and  provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of
 this act on its effective date shall be promulgated on  or  before  such
 effective date, provided that:
   (a)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when  upon
 such date the provisions of section one-a of this act shall take effect;
   (a-1)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-a of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect;
   (a-2) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-b  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect;
   (a-3)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-c of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect;
   (a-4) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-d  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect;
   (a-5)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-e of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect;
   (a-6) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-f  of this act shall not affect the expiration of

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 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect;
   (a-7)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-g of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-h of this act shall take effect;
   (a-8) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-h  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-i of this act shall take effect;
   (b)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when
 upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-a of this act shall take
 effect;
   (b-1) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-a of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-b of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-b of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-c of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-c of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-d of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-4) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-d of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-e of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-e of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-f of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-6) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-f of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-g of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-7) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-g of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-h of this act shall
 take effect;
   (c) the amendments to subdivision 10 of section 237 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section three of this act shall not affect the expi-
 ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section three-a of this act shall  take
 effect;

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   (c-1) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section four of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-2) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-3) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-4) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-5) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-6) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-7) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-f of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-g of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-8) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-g of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-h of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section  five  of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-a of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-2)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-b of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of this
 act shall take effect;

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   (d-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-c of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-4)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-d of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-e of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-6)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-f of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-g of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-7) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 240  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section five-g of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such date the provisions of section five-h of this act shall
 take effect;
   (d-8) the amendments to subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section five-h of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such date the provisions of section five-i of this act shall
 take effect;
   (e) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2  of  section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such paragraphs and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of
 this act shall take effect;
   (e-1) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-a  of  this  act
 shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-2) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-b  of  this  act
 shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-3) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-c  of  this  act
 shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-4) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-d  of  this  act
 shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e
 of this act shall take effect;

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   (e-5) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-e  of  this  act
 shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-6) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-f of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-g
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-7) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-g of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-h
 of this act shall take effect;
   (f) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law made by section seven of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this  act
 shall take effect;
   (f-1)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-a of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-2)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-b of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-3)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-c of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-4)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-d of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-5)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-6)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-f of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-g of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-7)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-g of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon  such date the provisions of sections seven-h and
 seven-i of this act shall take effect;

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   (g) the amendments to the  opening  paragraph  and  paragraph  (c)  of
 subdivision  1  of  section  1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by
 section nine of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section
 and shall be deemed  to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the
 provisions of section nine-a of this act shall take effect;
   (g-1)  the  amendments  to  the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of
 subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law  made  by
 section  nine-a  of  this  act  shall  not affect the expiration of such
 section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
 provisions of section nine-b of this act shall take effect;
   (g-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section nine-b of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-c of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (g-3)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-c of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon  such  date the provisions of section nine-d of this act shall take
 effect;
   (g-4) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section nine-d of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-e of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (g-5)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-e of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon  such  date the provisions of section nine-f of this act shall take
 effect;
   (g-6) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section nine-f of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-g of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (g-7)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-g of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon  such  date the provisions of section nine-h of this act shall take
 effect;
   (h) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of  section  1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of  such  section and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-a  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (h-1)  the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section ten-a of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section ten-b of this act shall take effect;
   (h-2) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic  law
 made  by  section  ten-b  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section ten-c of this act shall take effect;
   (h-3)  the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section ten-c of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of

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 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section ten-d of this act shall take effect;
   (h-4)  the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section ten-d of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section ten-e of this act shall take effect;
   (h-5) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic  law
 made  by  section  ten-e  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section ten-f of this act shall take effect;
   (h-6)  the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section ten-f of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section ten-g of this act shall take effect;
   (i) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a  of  subdivision
 5-a  of  of  section  401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section
 eleven of this act shall not affect the expiration of such  section  and
 shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions
 of section eleven-a of this act shall take effect;
   (i-1) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision
 5-a of section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law  made  by  section
 eleven-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and
 shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions
 of section eleven-b of this act shall take effect;
   (i-2) the amendments to section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section eleven-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section eleven-c of this act shall take effect;
   (i-3)  the  amendments  to  section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section eleven-c of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section eleven-d of this act shall take effect;
   (i-4) the amendments to section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section eleven-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section eleven-e of this act shall take effect;
   (i-5)  the  amendments  to  section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section eleven-e of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section eleven-f of this act shall take effect;
   (i-6) the amendments to section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section eleven-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date  the  provisions of section eleven-g of this act shall take effect;
 and
   (i-7) the amendments to section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section eleven-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section eleven-h of this act shall take effect.