Assembly Actions -
Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE |
|
---|---|
Jul 17, 2020 |
print number 5223b |
Jul 17, 2020 |
amend and recommit to transportation |
Jul 14, 2020 |
print number 5223a |
Jul 14, 2020 |
amend and recommit to transportation |
Jan 08, 2020 |
referred to transportation |
Apr 16, 2019 |
referred to transportation |
Senate Bill S5223B
2019-2020 Legislative Session
Relates to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices
download bill text pdfSponsored By
(D, WF) Senate District
Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Transportation Committee
- Introduced
-
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
-
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
-
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
- Delivered to Governor
- Signed By Governor
Actions
Bill Amendments
co-Sponsors
(D) 36th Senate District
(D, WF) 46th Senate District
(D) 14th Senate District
(D) Senate District
(D) 26th Senate District
(D, WF) 40th Senate District
(D, WF) 31st Senate District
(D, IP, WF) Senate District
(D) 16th Senate District
(D) 20th Senate District
(D) 19th Senate District
(D, IP) Senate District
(D) 42nd Senate District
2019-S5223 - Details
- Current Committee:
- Senate Transportation
- Law Section:
- Vehicle and Traffic Law
- Laws Affected:
- Amd V & T L, generally; add §371-a, Gen Muni L; amd §87, Pub Off L
- Versions Introduced in 2021-2022 Legislative Session:
-
S4682
2019-S5223 - Sponsor Memo
BILL NUMBER: S5223 SPONSOR: KENNEDY TITLE OF BILL: An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law, in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof PURPOSE OF BILL: To create a pilot program placing speed cameras in work zones, which will establish the efficacy of using automatic speed monitoring systems for enforcement in speed zones. SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS: Section 1 relates to the adjudication of speed cameras in work zones Section 2 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2 of chapter 222 of the
laws of 2015 Section 3 amends section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding new subdivision 16 Section 4 and its subsections amends paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015 Section 5 and its subdivisions amends section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 5 and its subsections of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015 Section 6 and its subsections amends subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle 4 and traffic law, as amended by section 6 and its subsections of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015 Section 7 and its subsections amends subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7 and its subsections of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015 Section 8 and its subsections adds a new section 1180-d to the vehicle and traffic law Section 9 and its subsections amends the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of 19 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law Section 10 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle 2 and traffic law Section 11 and its subsections amends subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law in regards to vehicle registration and driv- er liability Section 12 and its subsections amends subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law regarding all renderings from the demonstration program, including photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images Section 13 establishes that purchasing or leasing of equipment for the demonstration program are pursuant to section 1180-d of the vehicle and traffic law shall be 15 subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law. Section 14 sets the effective date JUSTIFICATION: Speed is a significant contributor to highway accidents. Automatic speed enforcement technologies have already been either trialed or implemented in a number of other states as well as in other countries. In Maryland, where speed cameras were first used statewide in 2010, photographic enforcement has resulted in a 10% mean reduction in driver speeds, a 59% reduction in the likelihood of a motorist traveling more than 10 mph over the speed limit, which in turn resulted in a 39% reduction in the likelihood of an accident resulting in an incapacitating injury and a 45% reduction in the number of fatalities from work-zone related acci- dents. According to data from the New York State Department of Transportation, from 2010-2016 there were 3,450 accidents in work zones on NYS highways that resulted in 50 fatalities and over 1,100 injuries to motorists and workers. According to the World Health Organization, for every increase in speed of 6 miles per hour, the likelihood of an accident involving injury increases by 20%. Stronger enforcement of speeding in work zones has the potential to significantly reduce both the incidence of motorist and worker fatalities while training better overall motorist behavior. This bill establishes a pilot program with a narrow enough scope to record strong data regarding the efficacy of using speed cameras in work zones to influence driver behavior. Worker safety is of paramount impor- tance, especially as the State continues to invest in repaving our roads and highways. The program will determine whether automatic enforcement mechanisms work in the context of work zones, whether stronger enforce- ment produces better outcomes for injury and fatalities, and whether money can be saved be reducing the labor costs associated with manual enforcement. PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: New bill EFFECTIVE DATE: This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after it shall have become a law.
2019-S5223 - Bill Text download pdf
S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K ________________________________________________________________________ 5223 2019-2020 Regular Sessions I N S E N A T E April 16, 2019 ___________ Introduced by Sen. KENNEDY -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law, in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration there- of THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM- BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS: Section 1. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 1 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti- tuting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD09902-01-9 S. 5223 2 provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-a. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 1-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord- ance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty- five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-b. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 1-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic S. 5223 3 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi- sion (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap- ter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-c. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 1-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord- ance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty- five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. S. 5223 4 § 1-d. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 1-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord- ance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty- five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners for violations of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-e. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 1-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord- ance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty- five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-f. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 1-f of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an S. 5223 5 administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-g. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJU- DICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- en of this chapter in accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thou- sand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred S. 5223 6 fifty and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. Such tribunal, except in a city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regu- lation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- en of this chapter in accordance with such sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e; and shall adjudi- cate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate liability of owners for violations of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi- tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall adjudicate S. 5223 7 liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section; and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter; AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEV- EN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehi- cle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf- fic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commis- sioner. § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf- fic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commis- sioner. § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: S. 5223 8 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stop- ping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi- tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new subdivision 16 to read as follows: 16. TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI- SION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAP- TER. § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article, but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. S. 5223 9 § 4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. S. 5223 10 § 4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. § 5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation of S. 5223 11 liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty- five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as amended by section 5-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hear- ing. S. 5223 12 § 5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as amended by section 5-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liabil- ity, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hear- ing. § 5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as amended by section 5-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev- en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent S. 5223 13 adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hear- ing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as amended by section 5-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle- gation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, is being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as amended by section 5-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must S. 5223 14 appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, and subdivision 1-a as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing S. 5223 15 examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author- ities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A HEAR- ING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN S. 5223 16 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or of a hear- ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A HEAR- ING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or OF a hear- ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held S. 5223 17 before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 7. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or the record of liabil- ities incurred in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR IN THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll main- tained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay- ment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with S. 5223 18 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twen- ty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liabil- ity in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appear- ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time S. 5223 19 prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustain- ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability S. 5223 20 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropri- ate, or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera- tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain- ing them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustain- ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or S. 5223 21 fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR ALLEGED LIABILITY IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGA- TION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the S. 5223 22 person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penal- ties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an alle- gation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. S. 5223 23 § 7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determi- nations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records show- ing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an alle- gation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABIL- ITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of S. 5223 24 the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determi- nations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records show- ing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLE- GATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-resi- dents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. S. 5223 25 § 7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, and subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he may examine the prior parking violations record OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER of the person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi- tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 8. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section 1180-d to read as follows: § 1180-D. OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF OPERATOR TO COMPLY WITH CERTAIN POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE IS HEREBY AUTHOR- IZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE S. 5223 26 WORK AREA ON A STATE HIGHWAY (I) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE, IN COOPERATION WITH THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION, THE COMMISSIONER OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND THE CHAIRMAN OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORITY, TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON STATE HIGHWAYS AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND THE ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA. 2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, A COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOS- ING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPER- ATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA ON LOCAL ROADS WITHIN SUCH AUTHOR- IZED MUNICIPALITY (I) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY IN COOPERATION WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE, THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION, THE COMMISSIONER OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND THE CHAIRMAN OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORITY, TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAIN- TENANCE WORK AREAS ON LOCAL ROADS WITHIN SUCH MUNICIPALITY AND TO OPER- ATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTE- NANCE WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND THE ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA. 3. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE USED IN A HIGH- WAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO BE USED IT HAS SUCCESSFULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNCTIONS; AND (II) IT HAS UNDERGONE AN ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH FIVE OF THIS SUBDIVISION. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY SHALL INSTALL SIGNS GIVING NOTICE THAT A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS IN USE TO BE MOUNTED ON ADVANCE WARNING SIGNS NOTIFYING MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS OF SUCH UPCOMING HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA AND/OR ON SPEED LIMIT SIGNS APPLICABLE WITHIN SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE MUTCD. S. 5223 27 4. OPERATORS OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL HAVE COMPLETED TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND OPER- ATING SUCH SYSTEMS. EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN A DAILY SET-UP LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I) STATES THE DATE AND TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM WAS SET UP THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND THE SYSTEM PASSED, THE SELF-TESTS OF SUCH SYSTEM BEFORE PRODUCING A RECORDED IMAGE THAT DAY. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHOR- IZED MUNICIPALITY SHALL RETAIN EACH SUCH DAILY LOG UNTIL THE LATER OF THE DATE ON WHICH THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE OR THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM. 5. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU- AL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION LABORATORY WHICH SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. THE SUPERINTEN- DENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY SHALL KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED DURING SUCH YEAR WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM. 6. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO- GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV- ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH, MICROPHOTOGRAPH, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY SHOWS THAT REASONABLE EFFORTS WERE MADE TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN SUCH CASE. (II) PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNI- CIPALITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSU- ANT TO THIS SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE DESTROYED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO WHICH SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY, WHICHEVER IS LATER. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY OTHER LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT TO CIVIL OR CRIMINAL PROCESS OR DISCOVERY, NOR USED BY ANY COURT OR ADMINISTRATIVE OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING THEREIN EXCEPT THAT WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND NO PUBLIC ENTITY OR EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT THEREOF SHALL DISCLOSE SUCH INFORMATION, EXCEPT THAT SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHO- TOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS: (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR VEHICLE OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO- S. 5223 28 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND (B) (1) SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH WARRANT ISSUED BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX HUNDRED NINETY OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE SUCH SEARCH WARRANT STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION CONSTITUTES EVIDENCE OF, OR TENDS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT, A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE WAS COMMITTED IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, OR THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE COURT SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY A JUDGE OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION AND ISSUED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX HUNDRED TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF A FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO THE PROSECUTION, OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE SHALL ONLY ISSUE SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN THIS STATE; AND (3) MAY, IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND CLAUSE (A) OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH CRIMINAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING. (B) IF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITHIN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (F) OR IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAVELING AT A SPEED OF MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT IN EFFECT WITHIN SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS: 1. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD" SHALL MEAN THE MANUAL AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; 2. "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS CHAPTER; S. 5223 29 3. "PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE SENSOR INSTALLED TO WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SPEED MEASURING DEVICE WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO- PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION; AND 4. "AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY" SHALL MEAN A COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE WHICH HAS ESTABLISHED A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION. (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY THE DIVISION OF STATE POLICE, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH A VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR VEHICLE AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION REASONABLY IN ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION. (E) AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND PENALTIES TO BE PROMULGATED BY THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE MUNICIPALITY IN WHICH THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IS LOCATED. THE LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT SUCH PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU MAY PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD. (F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB- LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE USED FOR INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE. (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI- CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN FOURTEEN BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH OWNER IS A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH OWNER IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. 2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI- CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE INVOLVED IN SUCH VIOLATION, THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER, AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE S. 5223 30 MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY. 3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON. 4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE DIVI- SION OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY, OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICI- PALITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY. (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS SECTION SHALL BE BY THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE MUNICIPALITY IN WHICH THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IS LOCATED. (I) IF AN OWNER RECEIVES A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS REPORTED TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFI- CIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE OR NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE MUNICIPALITY IN WHICH THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IS LOCATED OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICI- PALITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY. (J) 1. AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, PROVIDED THAT: (I) PRIOR TO THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH SUCH PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION TWO HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND (II) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM SUCH DIVI- SION OF THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFOR- MATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS TO SUCH DIVISION THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHI- CLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY SUCH DIVISION PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE. 2. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION. 3. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS SUBDIVISION, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSU- S. 5223 31 ANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (I) OF THIS SECTION. (K) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WAS NOT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR. 2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH- OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER- ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME OF SUCH OPERATOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. (L) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. (M) IF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION SUCH SUPERINTENDENT OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE: 1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED; 2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES, INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS WITHIN THE STATE OR MUNICIPALITY, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 3. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES, INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS WHERE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 4. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS WITHIN THE STATE OR MUNICIPALITY, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS; 5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS; 6. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS WITHIN THE STATE OR MUNICIPALITY THAT WERE: (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; 7. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED THAT WERE: S. 5223 32 (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; 8. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS; 9. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE FIRST NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS; 10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU- DICATIONS INCLUDING BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS MADE FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS; 11. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY THE STATE OR MUNICIPALITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; 12. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE DIVISION OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHOR- IZED MUNICIPALITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; AND 13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS. (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI- VISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM WAS MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE ALLEGED VIOLATION. § 9. The opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows: Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju- dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED S. 5223 33 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assist- ance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in accordance with the following schedule: (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an infraction pursuant to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of fifty-five dollars. § 9-a. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip- ment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adju- dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven S. 5223 34 hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi- vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of twenty-five dollars. § 9-b. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi- vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or S. 5223 35 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-d. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju- dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of S. 5223 36 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a manda- tory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-f. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10-f of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-g. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and chapter 62 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 10. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter of a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section S. 5223 37 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 11-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, and except an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter of a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou- sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 11-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or S. 5223 38 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABIL- ITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudi- cation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regu- lations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 11-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 11-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: S. 5223 39 a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 11-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of the laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or S. 5223 40 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 11. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there- of there is a certification from a court, parking violations bureau, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi- cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a, section eleven hundred eleven-b or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap- ter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (v) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, OR (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commis- sioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal appli- cation until the applicant provides proof from the court, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commission- er may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal appli- cation to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registra- S. 5223 41 tion or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivi- sion and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an adminis- trative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi- cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap- ter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter or (v) the regis- trant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chap- ter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; OR (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appear- ance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribu- nal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the S. 5223 42 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; or (v) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registra- tion or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. S. 5223 43 § 11-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he has complied with the rules and regu- lations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to S. 5223 44 three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- trant or his agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registra- tion or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the registrant S. 5223 45 was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he has complied with the rules and regu- lations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8-f of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a regis- tration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in S. 5223 46 the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 339 and 592 of the laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his representative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an administrative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appro- priate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEV- EN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin- istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal follow- ing entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his discretion, deny a regis- tration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 12. Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law is amended by adding a new paragraph (p) to read as follows: (P) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW. § 13. The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program pursuant to section 1180-d of the vehicle and traffic law shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law. § 14. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have become a law and shall expire 5 years after such effective date when upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed; and provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of this act on its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such effective date, provided that: (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira- tion of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-a of this act shall take effect; S. 5223 47 (a-1) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect; (a-2) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect; (a-3) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect; (a-4) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect; (a-5) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect; (a-6) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect; (b) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira- tion of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-a of this act shall take effect; (b-1) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-b of this act shall take effect; (b-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-c of this act shall take effect; (b-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-d of this act shall take effect; (b-4) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-e of this act shall take effect; (b-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-f of this act shall take effect; (c) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four of this act shall not S. 5223 48 affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of this act shall take effect; (c-1) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of this act shall take effect; (c-2) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of this act shall take effect; (c-3) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of this act shall take effect; (c-4) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of this act shall take effect; (c-5) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of this act shall take effect; (d) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of this act shall take effect; (d-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of this act shall take effect; (d-2) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of this act shall take effect; (d-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of this act shall take effect; (d-4) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of this act shall take effect; (d-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire S. 5223 49 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of this act shall take effect; (e) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of this act shall take effect; (e-1) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b of this act shall take effect; (e-2) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c of this act shall take effect; (e-3) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d of this act shall take effect; (e-4) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e of this act shall take effect; (e-5) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f of this act shall take effect; (f) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi- cle and traffic law made by section seven of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire there- with, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this act shall take effect; (f-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this act shall take effect; (f-2) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this act shall take effect; (f-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this act shall take effect; (f-4) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire S. 5223 50 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this act shall take effect; (f-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this act shall take effect; (g) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine of this act shall not affect the expi- ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-a of this act shall take effect; (g-1) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-b of this act shall take effect; (g-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-c of this act shall take effect; (g-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-d of this act shall take effect; (g-4) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-e of this act shall take effect; (g-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-f of this act shall take effect; (g-6) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-g of this act shall take effect; (h) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-a of this act shall take effect; (h-1) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-b of this act shall take effect; (h-2) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to S. 5223 51 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-c of this act shall take effect; (h-3) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-d of this act shall take effect; (h-4) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-e of this act shall take effect; (h-5) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-f of this act shall take effect; (i) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-a of this act shall take effect; (i-1) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-b of this act shall take effect; (i-2) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-c of this act shall take effect; (i-3) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-d of this act shall take effect; (i-4) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-e of this act shall take effect; (i-5) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-f of this act shall take effect; and (i-6) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-g of this act shall take effect.
co-Sponsors
(D) 36th Senate District
(D, WF) 46th Senate District
(D) 14th Senate District
(D) Senate District
(D) 26th Senate District
(D, WF) 40th Senate District
(D, WF) 31st Senate District
(D, IP, WF) Senate District
(D) 16th Senate District
(D) 20th Senate District
(D) 19th Senate District
(D, IP) Senate District
(D) 42nd Senate District
2019-S5223A - Details
- Current Committee:
- Senate Transportation
- Law Section:
- Vehicle and Traffic Law
- Laws Affected:
- Amd V & T L, generally; add §371-a, Gen Muni L; amd §87, Pub Off L
- Versions Introduced in 2021-2022 Legislative Session:
-
S4682
2019-S5223A - Sponsor Memo
BILL NUMBER: S5223A SPONSOR: KENNEDY TITLE OF BILL: An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law, in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof PURPOSE OF BILL: To create a pilot program placing speed cameras in work zones, which will establish the efficacy of using automatic speed monitoring systems for enforcement in speed zones. SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS: Section 1 relates to the adjudication of speed cameras in work zones. Section 2 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 236 of the
vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019. Section 3 amends section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law by adding a new subdivision 17. Section 4 and its subsections amends paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019. Section 5 and its subdivisions amends subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019. Section 6 and its subsections amends subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019. Section 7 and its subsections amends subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019.. Section 8 adds a new section 1180-e to the vehicle and traffic law. Section 9 and its subsections amends the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law. Section 10 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law. Section 11 and its subsections amends subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law in regards to vehicle registration and driv- er liability. Section 12 adds a new section 37I-a to the general municipal law. Section 13 adds two new subdivisions 11 and 12 to section 1803 of the vehicle and traffic law. Section 14 amends subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law regarding all renderings from the demonstration program, including photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images. Section 15 establishes that purchasing or leasing of equipment for the demonstration program pursuant to section 1180-e of the vehicle and traffic law shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law. Section 16 sets the effective date. JUSTIFICATION: Speed is a significant contributor to highway accidents. Automatic speed enforcement technologies have already been either trialed or implemented in a number of other states as well as in other countries. In Maryland, where speed cameras were first used statewide in 2010, photographic enforcement has resulted in a 10% mean reduction in driver speeds, a 59% reduction in the likelihood of a motorist traveling more than 10 mph over the speed limit, which in turn resulted in a 39% reduction in the likelihood of an accident resulting in an incapacitating injury and a 45% reduction in the number of fatalities from work-zone related acci- dents. Using cameras also decrease the police-driver interaction, as tickets are mailed based solely on photographic evidence of the license plate, and do not involve physically pulling an individual over. According to data from the New York State Department of Transportation, from 2010-2016 there were 3,450 accidents in work zones on NYS highways that resulted in 50 fatalities and over 1,100 injuries to motorists and workers. According to the World Health Organization, for every increase in speed of 6 miles per hour, the likelihood of an accident involving injury increases by 20%. Stronger enforcement of speeding in work zones has the potential to significantly reduce both the incidence of motorist and worker fatalities while training better overall motorist behavior. This bill establishes a pilot program with a narrow enough scope to record strong data regarding the efficacy of using speed cameras in work zones to influence driver behavior. Worker safety is of paramount impor- tance, especially as the State continues to invest in repaving our roads and highways. The program will determine whether automatic enforcement mechanisms work in the context of work zones, whether stronger enforce- ment produces better outcomes for injury and fatalities, and whether money can be saved be reducing the labor costs associated with manual enforcement. PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: New bill EFFECTIVE DATE: This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after it shall have become a law.
2019-S5223A - Bill Text download pdf
S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K ________________________________________________________________________ 5223--A 2019-2020 Regular Sessions I N S E N A T E April 16, 2019 ___________ Introduced by Sens. KENNEDY, BAILEY, BRESLIN, COMRIE, GAUGHRAN, GOUNARDES, HARCKHAM, JACKSON, KAPLAN, LIU, MYRIE, PERSAUD, SAVINO, SKOUFIS -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation -- recommitted to the Committee on Transportation in accordance with Senate Rule 6, sec. 8 -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law, in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration there- of THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM- BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS: Section 1. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti- tuting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine,] or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD09902-05-0 S. 5223--A 2 this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-a. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 1 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti- tuting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR S. 5223--A 3 TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-b. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap- ter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-c. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with S. 5223--A 4 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi- vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudi- cate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regu- lations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform- ance with the following sections. § 1-d. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability S. 5223--A 5 of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regu- lations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform- ance with the following sections. § 1-e. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners for violations of subdivi- sions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-f. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, S. 5223--A 6 or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi- vision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-g. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi- vision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-h. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-g of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four S. 5223--A 7 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regu- lations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform- ance with the following sections. § 1-i. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJU- DICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chap- ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter S. 5223--A 8 and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi- sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap- ter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER. Such tribunal, except in a city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned vehi- cle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chap- ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi- sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap- ter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. Such tribunal, except in a city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the S. 5223--A 9 parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with such sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section elev- en hundred eleven-e; and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy- four-a of this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seven- ty-four of this chapter and shall adjudicate liability of owners for violations of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter, SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi- tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section; and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred S. 5223--A 10 eighty-b of this chapter; and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi- tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris- diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi- sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chap- ter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris- diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI- SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this S. 5223--A 11 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf- fic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commis- sioner. § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traf- fic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudi- cate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf- fic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commis- sioner. § 2-g. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris- diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI- SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf- fic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commis- sioner. § 2-h. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation AND, WHERE AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing S. 5223--A 12 of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new subdivision 17 to read as follows: 17. TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI- SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article, but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article, but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: S. 5223--A 13 f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section elev- en hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev- en hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev- en hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- S. 5223--A 14 ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev- en hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-g. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-h. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article, BUT SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 5 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a person S. 5223--A 15 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seven- ty-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author- ities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as amended by section 5 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities S. 5223--A 16 law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section elev- en hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy- four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- S. 5223--A 17 ter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hear- ing. § 5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev- en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to S. 5223--A 18 answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or an allegation of liability S. 5223--A 19 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle- gation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail- ure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, is being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, is being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A S. 5223--A 20 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail- ure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, is being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-g. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chap- ter, is being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter is being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been S. 5223--A 21 held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-h. Subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. § 5-i. Subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, is amended to read as follows: 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter is S. 5223--A 22 contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chap- ter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a hearing at which liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter is contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chap- ter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred S. 5223--A 23 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accord- ance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hear- ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a hear- ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a hear- ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. S. 5223--A 24 § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accord- ance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a hear- ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 6-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 6-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of S. 5223--A 25 this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-g. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGA- TION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter IS CONTESTED OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-h. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 7. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty- five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and S. 5223--A 26 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or in the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR IN THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter alleged or liability in accord- ance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chap- ter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN S. 5223--A 27 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty- five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this S. 5223--A 28 chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penal- ties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regu- lation of the bureau, such failure to plead [or], contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven S. 5223--A 29 hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chap- ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appear- ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABIL- ITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penal- ties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by S. 5223--A 30 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty- two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged, OR ALLEGED LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or S. 5223--A 31 owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penal- ties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an allega- tion of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation S. 5223--A 32 charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seven- ty-four-a of this chapter, or liability in accordance with section elev- en hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGA- TION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. S. 5223--A 33 Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subse- quent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the deter- mination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a S. 5223--A 34 person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll main- tained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay- ment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subse- quent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the deter- mination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be S. 5223--A 35 avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi- tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain- ing them, he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR THE RECORD OF LIABIL- ITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER of the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a desig- nated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be S. 5223--A 36 rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABIL- ITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi- tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain- ing them, he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-g. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER of the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determi- nation. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination S. 5223--A 37 of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regu- lation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penal- ty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera- tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain- ing them, he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-h. Subdivision 1 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he OR SHE may examine EITHER the prior parking violations record OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER of the person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. § 7-i. Subdivision 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, is amended to read as follows: 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds S. 5223--A 38 for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commis- sion may direct; (1) of the violation charged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hear- ing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determi- nation on the charges, sustaining them, he OR SHE shall impose no great- er penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 8. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section 1180-e to read as follows: § 1180-E. OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF OPERATOR TO COMPLY WITH CERTAIN POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION IS HEREBY AUTHOR- IZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER THE COMMISSION- ER'S JURISDICTION (I) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE COMMISSIONER TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE COMMISSIONER'S JURISDICTION AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH WORK AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDI- VISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. THE COMMISSIONER, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE DIVISION OF STATE POLICE, SHALL DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE S. 5223--A 39 PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS. IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE COMMISSIONER SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTE- NANCE WORK AREA. 2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, THE CHAIR OF THE THRU- WAY AUTHORITY IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY (I) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE CHAIR TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH WORK AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. THE CHAIR, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE DIVISION OF STATE POLICE, SHALL DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS. IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONI- TORING SYSTEM, THE CHAIR SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICA- BLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA. 3. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE USED IN A HIGH- WAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO BE USED IT HAS SUCCESSFULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNCTIONS; AND (II) IT HAS UNDERGONE AN ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH FIVE OF THIS SUBDIVISION. THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS APPLI- CABLE, SHALL INSTALL SIGNS GIVING NOTICE THAT A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS IN USE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE MUTCD. 4. OPERATORS OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL HAVE COMPLETED TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND OPER- ATING SUCH SYSTEMS. EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN A DAILY SET-UP LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I) STATES THE DATE AND TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM WAS SET UP THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND THE SYSTEM PASSED, THE SELF-TESTS OF SUCH SYSTEM BEFORE PRODUCING A RECORDED IMAGE THAT DAY. THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHALL RETAIN EACH SUCH DAILY LOG UNTIL THE LATER OF THE DATE ON WHICH THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE OR THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO- GRAPHS, VIDEO OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM. 5. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU- AL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION LABORATORY WHICH SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. THE COMMISSIONER S. 5223--A 40 OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHALL KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED DURING SUCH YEAR WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTO- GRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM. 6. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO- GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV- ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH, MICROPHOTOGRAPH, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHOWS THAT THEY MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN SUCH CASE. (II) PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE DESTROYED BY THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO WHICH SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY, WHICHEVER IS LATER. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY OTHER LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO- GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT TO CIVIL OR CRIMINAL PROCESS OR DISCOVERY, NOR USED BY ANY COURT OR ADMINISTRATIVE OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING THEREIN EXCEPT THAT WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND NO PUBLIC ENTITY OR EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT THEREOF SHALL DISCLOSE SUCH INFORMATION, EXCEPT THAT SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS: (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR VEHICLE OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO- GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND (B) (1) SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH WARRANT ISSUED BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX HUNDRED NINETY OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE SUCH SEARCH WARRANT STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION CONSTITUTES EVIDENCE OF, OR TENDS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT, A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE WAS COMMITTED IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, OR THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE COURT SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY A JUDGE OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION AND ISSUED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX HUNDRED TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF A S. 5223--A 41 FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO THE PROSECUTION, OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE SHALL ONLY ISSUE SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN THIS STATE; AND (3) MAY, IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND CLAUSE (A) OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH CRIMINAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING. (B) IF THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITHIN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY IN VIOLATION OF PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVI- SION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F), OR WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D), OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAV- ELING AT A SPEED OF MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT IN EFFECT WITHIN SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS: 1. "CHAIR" SHALL MEAN THE CHAIR OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORI- TY; 2. "COMMISSIONER" SHALL MEAN THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION; 3. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD" SHALL MEAN THE MANUAL AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; 4. "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS CHAPTER; 5. "PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE SENSOR INSTALLED TO WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SPEED MEASURING DEVICE WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO- PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION; 6. "THRUWAY AUTHORITY" SHALL MEAN THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORI- TY, A BODY CORPORATE AND POLITIC CONSTITUTING A PUBLIC CORPORATION CREATED AND CONSTITUTED PURSUANT TO TITLE NINE OF ARTICLE TWO OF THE PUBLIC AUTHORITIES LAW; AND S. 5223--A 42 7. "THRUWAY" SHALL MEAN GENERALLY A DIVIDED HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURIS- DICTION OF THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY FOR MIXED TRAFFIC WITH ACCESS LIMITED AS THE AUTHORITY MAY DETERMINE AND GENERALLY WITH GRADE SEPARATIONS AT INTERSECTIONS. (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR AS APPLICABLE, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTO- GRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH A VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR VEHICLE AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION REASONABLY IN ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION. (E) AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES NOT TO EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION MAY BE IMPOSED FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD. (F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB- LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE USED FOR INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE. (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN FOURTEEN BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH OWNER IS A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH OWNER IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDI- NARY COURSE OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. 2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE INVOLVED IN SUCH VIOLATION, THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER, AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY. 3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON. 4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE COMMIS- SIONER OR CHAIR AS APPLICABLE, OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY. S. 5223--A 43 (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS SECTION SHALL BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW WHERE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED OR, IF THERE BE NONE, BY THE COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS WHERE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED, EXCEPT THAT IF A CITY HAS ESTABLISHED AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL TO HEAR AND DETERMINE COMPLAINTS OF TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS CONSTITUTING PARKING, STANDING OR STOPPING VIOLATIONS SUCH CITY MAY, BY LOCAL LAW, AUTHORIZE SUCH ADJUDI- CATION BY SUCH TRIBUNAL. (I) IF AN OWNER RECEIVES A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS REPORTED TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE OR NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU, COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OR PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU. (J) 1. WHERE THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS PURSU- ANT TO THIS SECTION IS BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR A COURT HAVING JURISDICTION, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, PROVIDED THAT HE OR SHE SENDS TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR COURT HAVING JURISDICTION A COPY OF THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF THE VIOLATION, WITH THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY LEGIBLE, WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OR COURT OF THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY. FAILURE TO SEND SUCH INFORMATION WITHIN SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN DAY TIME PERIOD SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED BY THIS SECTION. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION. 2. (I) IN A CITY WHICH, BY LOCAL LAW, HAS AUTHORIZED THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION BY A PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT: (A) PRIOR TO THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH THE BUREAU IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION TWO HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND (B) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OF THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS TO THE S. 5223--A 44 BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE IDENTI- FIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY THE BUREAU PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE. (II) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH CLAUSE (B) OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION. (III) WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION. (K) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WAS NOT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR. 2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH- OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER- ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERA- TOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. (L) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. (M) IF THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSU- ANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY ON OR BEFORE DECEMBER THIRTY- FIRST, TWO THOUSAND TWENTY-FOUR. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE: 1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED; 2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES, INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURISDIC- TION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMA- TION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 3. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES, INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS WHERE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMIS- SIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 4. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURIS- DICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAIN- S. 5223--A 45 TAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS; 6. TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE, THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY THAT WERE: (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; 7. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED THAT WERE: (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; 8. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS; 9. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE FIRST NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU- DICATIONS INCLUDING BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS MADE FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 11. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY THE STATE OR THRUWAY AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; 12. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE STATE OR THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; AND 13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE. (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI- VISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONI- TORING SYSTEM WAS MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE ALLEGED VIOLATION. § 9. The opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10 of chapter 145 and section 9 of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule S. 5223--A 46 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju- dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assistance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in accordance with the following schedule: (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an infraction pursuant to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for S. 5223--A 47 a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of fifty-five dollars. § 9-a. The opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju- dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a crime victim assistance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in accordance with the following schedule: (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this S. 5223--A 48 chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an infraction pursuant to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seven- ty-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seven- ty-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a crime victim assist- ance fee in the amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of fifty-five dollars. § 9-b. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-a of chapter 145 and section 9-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip- ment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adju- dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi- vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than S. 5223--A 49 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seven- ty-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seven- ty-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of twenty-five dollars. § 9-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-b of chapter 145 and section 9-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi- vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-d. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-c of chapter 145 and section 9-c of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than S. 5223--A 50 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-d of chapter 145 and section 9-d of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-f. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-f of chapter 145 and section 9-f of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or S. 5223--A 51 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-g. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-g of chapter 145 and section 9-g of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJU- DICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-h. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and chapter 62 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 10. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11 of chapter 145 and section 10 of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- S. 5223--A 52 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap- ter, and except an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter of a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, and [expect] EXCEPT an adjudi- cation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or other than an adjudication of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDI- CATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap- ter, and except an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter of a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, and [expect] EXCEPT an adjudi- cation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou- sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four S. 5223--A 53 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-a of chapter 145 and section 10-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter of a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou- sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-b of chapter 145 and section 10-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this S. 5223--A 54 chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudi- cation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regu- lations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-c of chapter 145 and section 10-c of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-e of chapter 145 and section 10-e of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- S. 5223--A 55 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-f of chapter 145 and section 10-f of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of the laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- S. 5223--A 56 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter, AND EXCEPT AS AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 11. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8 of chapter 145 and section 11 of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there- of there is a certification from a court, parking violations bureau, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her representative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an administrative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eigh- teen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a, section elev- en hundred eleven-b or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap- ter for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (vi) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR (VIII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the regis- S. 5223--A 57 tration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal follow- ing entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commis- sioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reason- able grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-a. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there- of there is a certification from a court, parking violations bureau, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction or [adminstrative] ADMINISTRATIVE tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi- cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a, section eleven hundred eleven-b or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap- ter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (vi) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, OR (VIII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the S. 5223--A 58 case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final deci- sion. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-a of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019 and section 11-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019. is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi- cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap- ter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (v) the regis- trant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter ; or (vi) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter; or [(vii)] (VIII) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter; OR (IX) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin- istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or S. 5223--A 59 answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-b of chapter 145 and section 11-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter,[,] or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (VI) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; OR (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher- ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a S. 5223--A 60 final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-c of chapter 145 and section 11-c of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter,[,] or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (v) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; OR (VI) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin- istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's S. 5223--A 61 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-d of chapter 145 and section 11-d of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- trant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher- ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-f of chapter 145 and S. 5223--A 62 section 11-f of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appear- ance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribu- nal that he has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-g of chapter 145 and section 11-g of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his OR HER represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- S. 5223--A 63 trant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAP- TER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEV- EN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final deci- sion. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his OR HER discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-h. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 339 and 592 of the laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his OR HER represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- trant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER agent shall deny the regis- tration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an adminis- trative tribunal that he OR SHE has complied with the rules and regu- lations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his OR HER discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal S. 5223--A 64 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 12. The general municipal law is amended by adding a new section 371-a to read as follows: § 371-A. ADDITIONAL JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE RELATED TO THE ADJUDI- CATION OF CERTAIN NOTICES OF LIABILITY. A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION ONE AND A TRAFFIC AND PARKING VIOLATIONS AGENCY ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS ARTICLE MAY BE AUTHORIZED TO ADJUDI- CATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE. § 13. Section 1803 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding two new subdivisions 11 and 12 to read as follows: 11. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION, WHERE THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION HAS ESTABLISHED A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, ANY FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGISTRATE OR OTHER OFFICER FOR AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS PURSUANT TO SUCH PROGRAM SHALL BE PAID TO THE STATE COMPTROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF THE MONTH FOLLOWING COLLECTION. EVERY SUCH PAYMENT SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PROVIDE. THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY EIGHTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY IMPOSED FOR SUCH LIABILITY TO THE GENERAL FUND, AND TWENTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE IN WHICH THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED. ALL FINES, PENALTIES AND FORFEI- TURES PAID TO A CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND OF SUCH CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE, UNLESS A DIFFERENT DISPOSITION IS PRESCRIBED BY CHARTER, SPECIAL LAW, LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE. 12. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION, WHERE THE CHAIR OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORITY HAS ESTABLISHED A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, ANY FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGISTRATE OR OTHER OFFICER FOR AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS PURSUANT TO SUCH PROGRAM SHALL BE PAID TO THE STATE COMPTROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF THE MONTH FOLLOWING COLLECTION. EVERY SUCH PAYMENT SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PROVIDE. THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY EIGHTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY IMPOSED FOR SUCH LIABILITY TO THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY, AND TWENTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE S. 5223--A 65 IN WHICH THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION, THE TERM "THRUWAY AUTHORITY" SHALL MEAN THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORITY, A BODY CORPORATE AND POLITIC CONSTITUTING A PUBLIC CORPORATION CREATED AND CONSTITUTED PURSUANT TO TITLE NINE OF ARTICLE TWO OF THE PUBLIC AUTHORITIES LAW. ALL FINES, PENALTIES AND FORFEITURES PAID TO A CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND OF SUCH CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE, UNLESS A DIFFERENT DISPOSITION IS PRESCRIBED BY CHARTER, SPECIAL LAW, LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE. § 14. Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law is amended by adding a new paragraph (r) to read as follows: (R) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW. § 15. The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program pursuant to section 1180-e of the vehicle and traffic law shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law. § 16. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have become a law and shall expire 5 years after such effective date when upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed; and provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of this act on its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such effective date, provided that: (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira- tion of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-a of this act shall take effect; (a-1) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect; (a-2) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect; (a-3) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect; (a-4) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect; (a-5) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect; (a-6) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect; (a-7) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-h of this act shall take effect; S. 5223--A 66 (a-8) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-h of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-i of this act shall take effect; (b) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira- tion of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-a of this act shall take effect; (b-1) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-b of this act shall take effect; (b-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-c of this act shall take effect; (b-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-d of this act shall take effect; (b-4) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-e of this act shall take effect; (b-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-f of this act shall take effect; (b-6) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-g of this act shall take effect; (b-7) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-h of this act shall take effect; (c) the amendments to subdivision 10 of section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section three of this act shall not affect the expi- ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section three-a of this act shall take effect; (c-1) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of this act shall take effect; (c-2) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not S. 5223--A 67 affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of this act shall take effect; (c-3) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of this act shall take effect; (c-4) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of this act shall take effect; (c-5) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of this act shall take effect; (c-6) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of this act shall take effect; (c-7) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-g of this act shall take effect; (c-8) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-h of this act shall take effect; (d) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of this act shall take effect; (d-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of this act shall take effect; (d-2) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of this act shall take effect; (d-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of this act shall take effect; (d-4) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire S. 5223--A 68 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of this act shall take effect; (d-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of this act shall take effect; (d-6) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-g of this act shall take effect; (d-7) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-h of this act shall take effect; (d-8) the amendments to subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-h of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-i of this act shall take effect; (e) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of this act shall take effect; (e-1) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b of this act shall take effect; (e-2) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c of this act shall take effect; (e-3) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d of this act shall take effect; (e-4) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e of this act shall take effect; (e-5) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f of this act shall take effect; (e-6) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed S. 5223--A 69 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-g of this act shall take effect; (e-7) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-h of this act shall take effect; (f) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi- cle and traffic law made by section seven of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire there- with, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this act shall take effect; (f-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this act shall take effect; (f-2) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this act shall take effect; (f-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this act shall take effect; (f-4) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this act shall take effect; (f-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this act shall take effect; (f-6) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-g of this act shall take effect; (f-7) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of sections seven-h and seven-i of this act shall take effect; (g) the amendments to the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-a of this act shall take effect; (g-1) the amendments to the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such S. 5223--A 70 section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-b of this act shall take effect; (g-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-c of this act shall take effect; (g-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-d of this act shall take effect; (g-4) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-e of this act shall take effect; (g-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-f of this act shall take effect; (g-6) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-g of this act shall take effect; (g-7) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-h of this act shall take effect; (h) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-a of this act shall take effect; (h-1) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-b of this act shall take effect; (h-2) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-c of this act shall take effect; (h-3) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-d of this act shall take effect; (h-4) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-e of this act shall take effect; (h-5) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of S. 5223--A 71 such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-f of this act shall take effect; (h-6) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-g of this act shall take effect; (i) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-a of this act shall take effect; (i-1) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-b of this act shall take effect; (i-2) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-c of this act shall take effect; (i-3) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-d of this act shall take effect; (i-4) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-e of this act shall take effect; (i-5) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-f of this act shall take effect; (i-6) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-g of this act shall take effect; and (i-7) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-h of this act shall take effect.
co-Sponsors
(D) 36th Senate District
(D, WF) 46th Senate District
(D) 14th Senate District
(D) Senate District
(D) 26th Senate District
(D, WF) 40th Senate District
(D, WF) 31st Senate District
(D) Senate District
(D, IP, WF) Senate District
(D) 27th Senate District
(D) 16th Senate District
(D) 20th Senate District
(D) 19th Senate District
(D, WF) 18th Senate District
(D, IP) Senate District
(D) 42nd Senate District
2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Details
- Current Committee:
- Senate Transportation
- Law Section:
- Vehicle and Traffic Law
- Laws Affected:
- Amd V & T L, generally; add §371-a, Gen Muni L; amd §87, Pub Off L
- Versions Introduced in 2021-2022 Legislative Session:
-
S4682
2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo
BILL NUMBER: S5223B SPONSOR: KENNEDY TITLE OF BILL: An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law, in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof PURPOSE OF BILL: To create a pilot program placing speed cameras in work zones, which will establish the efficacy of using automatic speed monitoring systems for enforcement in speed zones. SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS: Section 1 relates to the adjudication of speed cameras in work zones. Section 2 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 236 of the
vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019. Section 3 amends section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law by adding a new subdivision 17. Section 4 and its subsections amends paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019. Section 5 and its subdivisions amends subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019. Section 6 and its subsections amends subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019. Section 7 and its subsections amends subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019. Section 8 adds a new section 1180-e to the vehicle and traffic law. Section 9 and its subsections amends the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law. Section 10 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law. Section 11 and its subsections amends subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law in regards to vehicle registration and driv- er liability. Section 12 adds a new section 371-a to the general municipal law. Section 13 adds two new subdivisions 11 and 12 to section 1803 of the vehicle and traffic law. Section 14 amends subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law regarding all renderings from the demonstration program, including photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images. Section 15 establishes that purchasing or leasing of equipment for the demonstration program pursuant to section 1180-e of the vehicle and traffic law shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law. Section 16 sets the effective date. JUSTIFICATION: Speed is a significant contributor to highway crashes. Automatic speed enforcement technologies have already been either trialed or implemented in a number of other states as well as in other countries. In Maryland, where speed cameras were first used statewide in 2010, photographic enforcement has resulted in a 10% mean reduction in driver speeds, a 59% reduction in the likelihood of a motorist traveling more than 10 mph over the speed limit, which in turn resulted in a 39% reduction in the likelihood of an accident resulting in an incapacitating injury and a 45% reduction in the number of fatalities from work-zone related acci- dents. Using cameras also decrease the police-driver interaction, as tickets are mailed based solely on photographic evidence of the license plate, and do not involve physically pulling an individual over. According to data from the New York State Department of Transportation, from 2010-2016 there were 3,450 accidents in work zones on NYS highways that resulted in 50 fatalities and over 1,100 injuries to motorists and workers. According to the World Health Organization, for every increase in speed of 6 miles per hour, the likelihood of an accident involving injury increases by 20%. Stronger enforcement of speeding in work zones has the potential to significantly reduce both the incidence of motorist and worker fatalities while training better overall motorist behavior. This bill establishes a pilot program with a narrow enough scope to record strong data regarding the efficacy of using speed cameras in work zones to influence driver behavior. Worker safety is of paramount impor- tance, especially as the State continues to invest in repaving our roads and highways. The program will determine whether automatic enforcement mechanisms work in the context of work zones, whether stronger enforce- ment produces better outcomes for injury and fatalities, and whether money can be saved be reducing the labor costs associated with manual enforcement. PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: New bill EFFECTIVE DATE: This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have become a law.
2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf
S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K ________________________________________________________________________ 5223--B 2019-2020 Regular Sessions I N S E N A T E April 16, 2019 ___________ Introduced by Sens. KENNEDY, BAILEY, BRESLIN, COMRIE, GAUGHRAN, GOUNARDES, HARCKHAM, JACKSON, KAPLAN, LIU, MYRIE, PERSAUD, SAVINO, SKOUFIS -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation -- recommitted to the Committee on Transportation in accordance with Senate Rule 6, sec. 8 -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said commit- tee AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law, in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration there- of THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM- BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS: Section 1. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti- tuting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine,] or to adjudicate the liability of EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD09902-08-0 S. 5223--B 2 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-a. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 1 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti- tuting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such section, or to adjudicate the liability of S. 5223--B 3 owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-b. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap- ter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-c. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to S. 5223--B 4 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi- vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudi- cate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regu- lations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform- ance with the following sections. § 1-d. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of S. 5223--B 5 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regu- lations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform- ance with the following sections. § 1-e. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners for violations of subdivi- sions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-f. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for S. 5223--B 6 violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi- vision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-g. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi- vision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 1-h. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 1-g of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine S. 5223--B 7 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regu- lations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform- ance with the following sections. § 1-i. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, is amended to read as follows: § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJU- DICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chap- ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate liability of owners in S. 5223--B 8 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi- sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap- ter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER. Such tribunal, except in a city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned vehi- cle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chap- ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi- sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap- ter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. Such tribunal, except in a city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle S. 5223--B 9 violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with such sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section elev- en hundred eleven-e; and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy- four-a of this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seven- ty-four of this chapter and shall adjudicate liability of owners for violations of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter, SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi- tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section; and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for S. 5223--B 10 violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter; and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi- tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris- diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi- sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chap- ter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris- diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI- SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation S. 5223--B 11 of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf- fic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commis- sioner. § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traf- fic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudi- cate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf- fic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commis- sioner. § 2-g. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 2-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris- diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI- SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf- fic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commis- sioner. § 2-h. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation AND, WHERE AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of S. 5223--B 12 this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new subdivision 17 to read as follows: 17. TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI- SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP- TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article, but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article, but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. S. 5223--B 13 § 4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section elev- en hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev- en hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev- en hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: S. 5223--B 14 f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev- en hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter or to a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-g. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 4-h. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article, BUT SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER. § 5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 5 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation, S. 5223--B 15 or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seven- ty-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author- ities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as amended by section 5 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or section eleven hundred S. 5223--B 16 seventy-four-a of this chapter, for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section elev- en hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy- four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane S. 5223--B 17 restriction as defined in such section contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hear- ing. § 5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev- en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER S. 5223--B 18 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or the bureau S. 5223--B 19 has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle- gation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail- ure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, is being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, is being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter S. 5223--B 20 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail- ure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, is being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-g. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf- fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chap- ter, is being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of S. 5223--B 21 this chapter is being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 5-h. Subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- eon. § 5-i. Subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, is amended to read as follows: 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred S. 5223--B 22 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter is contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chap- ter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a hearing at which liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter is contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chap- ter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. S. 5223--B 23 § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accord- ance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hear- ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a hear- ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a hear- ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance S. 5223--B 24 with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accord- ance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a hear- ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 6-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 6-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: S. 5223--B 25 a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-g. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGA- TION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested or a hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter IS CONTESTED OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 6-h. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi- cle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 7. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven S. 5223--B 26 hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty- five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or in the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR IN THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter alleged or liability in accord- ance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chap- S. 5223--B 27 ter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen- ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or the record of liabilities S. 5223--B 28 incurred in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty- five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penal- ties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regu- lation of the bureau, such failure to plead [or], contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such S. 5223--B 29 judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chap- ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appear- ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABIL- ITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the S. 5223--B 30 bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penal- ties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty- two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or liability in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged, OR ALLEGED LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an S. 5223--B 31 appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penal- ties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an allega- tion of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the S. 5223--B 32 rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seven- ty-four-a of this chapter, or liability in accordance with section elev- en hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGA- TION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section S. 5223--B 33 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subse- quent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the deter- mination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allega- tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to S. 5223--B 34 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll main- tained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay- ment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subse- quent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the deter- mination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN S. 5223--B 35 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil- ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi- tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain- ing them, he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR THE RECORD OF LIABIL- ITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER of the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a desig- nated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to S. 5223--B 36 plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABIL- ITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi- tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain- ing them, he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-g. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 7-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER of the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determi- nation. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest S. 5223--B 37 an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regu- lation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penal- ty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera- tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain- ing them, he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 7-h. Subdivision 1 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows: 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained he OR SHE may examine EITHER the prior parking violations record OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER of the person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties. § 7-i. Subdivision 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, is amended to read as follows: 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails S. 5223--B 38 to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commis- sion may direct; (1) of the violation charged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hear- ing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determi- nation on the charges, sustaining them, he OR SHE shall impose no great- er penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 8. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section 1180-e to read as follows: § 1180-E. OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF OPERATOR TO COMPLY WITH CERTAIN POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION IS HEREBY AUTHOR- IZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHEN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK IS OCCURRING AND LOCATED ON AN INTERSTATE OR AUXILIARY INTERSTATE HIGHWAY UNDER THE COMMISSIONER'S JURISDICTION (I) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE COMMISSIONER TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN NO MORE THAN FIFTEEN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON INTER- STATE OR AUXILIARY INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS UNDER THE COMMISSIONER'S JURIS- DICTION AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WHEN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTE- NANCE WORK IS OCCURRING AND WITHIN SUCH WORK AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVI- S. 5223--B 39 SION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. THE COMMISSIONER, IN CONSULTA- TION WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE DIVISION OF STATE POLICE, SHALL DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON AN INTERSTATE OR AUXILIARY INTERSTATE HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS. IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE COMMISSIONER SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND ROAD- WAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA. A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE INSTALLED OR OPERATED ON AN INTERSTATE OR AUXILIARY INTERSTATE HIGHWAY EXIT RAMP. 2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, AFTER HOLDING A PUBLIC HEARING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PUBLIC OFFICERS LAW AND SUBSEQUENT APPROVAL BY A MAJORITY OF THE MEMBERS OF THE ENTIRE BOARD THE CHAIR OF THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAIL- URE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHEN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK IS OCCURRING AND LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY (I) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE CHAIR TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONI- TORING SYSTEMS WITHIN NO MORE THAN FIVE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTE- NANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WHEN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK IS OCCURRING AND WITHIN SUCH WORK AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDI- VISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. THE CHAIR, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE DIVISION OF STATE POLICE, SHALL DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS. IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE CHAIR SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUD- ING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA. A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE INSTALLED OR OPERATED ON A THRUWAY EXIT RAMP. 3. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE USED IN A HIGH- WAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO BE USED IT HAS SUCCESSFULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNCTIONS; AND (II) IT HAS UNDERGONE AN ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH FIVE OF THIS SUBDIVISION. THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS APPLI- CABLE, SHALL INSTALL SIGNS GIVING NOTICE THAT A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS IN USE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE MUTCD. S. 5223--B 40 4. OPERATORS OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL HAVE COMPLETED TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND OPER- ATING SUCH SYSTEMS. EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN A DAILY SET-UP LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I) STATES THE DATE AND TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM WAS SET UP THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND THE SYSTEM PASSED, THE SELF-TESTS OF SUCH SYSTEM BEFORE PRODUCING A RECORDED IMAGE THAT DAY. THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHALL RETAIN EACH SUCH DAILY LOG UNTIL THE LATER OF THE DATE ON WHICH THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE OR THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO- GRAPHS, VIDEO OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM. 5. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU- AL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION LABORATORY WHICH SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHALL KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED DURING SUCH YEAR WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTO- GRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM. 6. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO- GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV- ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH, MICROPHOTOGRAPH, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHOWS THAT THEY MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN SUCH CASE. (II) PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE DESTROYED BY THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO WHICH SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY, WHICHEVER IS LATER. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY OTHER LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO- GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT TO CIVIL OR CRIMINAL PROCESS OR DISCOVERY, NOR USED BY ANY COURT OR ADMINISTRATIVE OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING THEREIN EXCEPT THAT WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND NO PUBLIC ENTITY OR EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT THEREOF SHALL DISCLOSE SUCH INFORMATION, EXCEPT THAT SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS: (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR VEHICLE OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO- GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND S. 5223--B 41 (B) (1) SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH WARRANT ISSUED BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX HUNDRED NINETY OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE SUCH SEARCH WARRANT STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION CONSTITUTES EVIDENCE OF, OR TENDS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT, A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE WAS COMMITTED IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, OR THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE COURT SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY A JUDGE OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION AND ISSUED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX HUNDRED TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF A FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO THE PROSECUTION, OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE SHALL ONLY ISSUE SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN THIS STATE; AND (3) MAY, IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND CLAUSE (A) OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH CRIMINAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING. (B) IF THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITHIN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY IN VIOLATION OF PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVI- SION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F), OR WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D), OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAV- ELING AT A SPEED OF MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT IN EFFECT WITHIN SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS: 1. "CHAIR" SHALL MEAN THE CHAIR OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORI- TY; 2. "COMMISSIONER" SHALL MEAN THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION; 3. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD" SHALL MEAN THE MANUAL AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; S. 5223--B 42 4. "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS CHAPTER; 5. "PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE SENSOR INSTALLED TO WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SPEED MEASURING DEVICE WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO- PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION; 6. "THRUWAY AUTHORITY" SHALL MEAN THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORI- TY, A BODY CORPORATE AND POLITIC CONSTITUTING A PUBLIC CORPORATION CREATED AND CONSTITUTED PURSUANT TO TITLE NINE OF ARTICLE TWO OF THE PUBLIC AUTHORITIES LAW; AND 7. "THRUWAY" SHALL MEAN GENERALLY A DIVIDED HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURIS- DICTION OF THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY FOR MIXED TRAFFIC WITH ACCESS LIMITED AS THE AUTHORITY MAY DETERMINE AND GENERALLY WITH GRADE SEPARATIONS AT INTERSECTIONS. (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR AS APPLICABLE, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTO- GRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH A VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR VEHICLE AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION REASONABLY IN ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION. (E) AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES NOT TO EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR A FIRST VIOLATION, SEVENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR A SECOND VIOLATION COMMITTED WITHIN A PERIOD OF EIGHTEEN MONTHS, AND ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS FOR A THIRD OR SUBSEQUENT VIOLATION COMMITTED WITHIN EIGHTEEN MONTHS OF THE PREVIOUS VIOLATIONS; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION MAY BE IMPOSED FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD. (F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB- LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE USED FOR INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE. (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN FOURTEEN BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH OWNER IS A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH OWNER IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDI- NARY COURSE OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. 2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION S. 5223--B 43 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE INVOLVED IN SUCH VIOLATION, THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER, AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY. 3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON. 4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE COMMIS- SIONER OR CHAIR AS APPLICABLE, OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY. (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS SECTION SHALL BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW WHERE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED OR, IF THERE BE NONE, BY THE COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS WHERE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED, EXCEPT THAT IF A CITY HAS ESTABLISHED AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL TO HEAR AND DETERMINE COMPLAINTS OF TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS CONSTITUTING PARKING, STANDING OR STOPPING VIOLATIONS SUCH CITY MAY, BY LOCAL LAW, AUTHORIZE SUCH ADJUDI- CATION BY SUCH TRIBUNAL. (I) IF AN OWNER RECEIVES A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS REPORTED TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE OR NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU, COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OR PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU. (J) 1. WHERE THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS PURSU- ANT TO THIS SECTION IS BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR A COURT HAVING JURISDICTION, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, PROVIDED THAT HE OR SHE SENDS TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR COURT HAVING JURISDICTION A COPY OF THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF THE VIOLATION, WITH THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY LEGIBLE, WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OR COURT OF THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY. FAILURE TO SEND SUCH INFORMATION WITHIN SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN DAY TIME PERIOD SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED BY THIS SECTION. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF S. 5223--B 44 SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION. 2. (I) IN A CITY WHICH, BY LOCAL LAW, HAS AUTHORIZED THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION BY A PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT: (A) PRIOR TO THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH THE BUREAU IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION TWO HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND (B) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OF THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS TO THE BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE IDENTI- FIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY THE BUREAU PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE. (II) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH CLAUSE (B) OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION. (III) WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION. (K) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WAS NOT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR. 2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH- OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER- ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERA- TOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. (L) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. (M) IF THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSU- ANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY ON OR BEFORE JUNE FIRST, TWO THOUSAND TWENTY-ONE AND ON THE SAME DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN WHICH THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE: S. 5223--B 45 1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED; 2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES, INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURISDIC- TION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMA- TION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 3. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES, INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS WHERE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMIS- SIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 4. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURIS- DICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAIN- TAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS; 6. TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE, THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY THAT WERE: (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; 7. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED THAT WERE: (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT; 8. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS; 9. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE FIRST NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU- DICATIONS INCLUDING BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS MADE FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; S. 5223--B 46 11. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY THE STATE OR THRUWAY AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; 12. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE STATE OR THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; AND 13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE. (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI- VISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONI- TORING SYSTEM WAS MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE ALLEGED VIOLATION. § 9. The opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10 of chapter 145 and section 9 of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju- dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assistance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in accordance with the following schedule: (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or S. 5223--B 47 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an infraction pursuant to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of fifty-five dollars. § 9-a. The opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows: Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju- S. 5223--B 48 dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a crime victim assistance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in accordance with the following schedule: (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an infraction pursuant to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seven- ty-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seven- ty-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a crime victim assist- ance fee in the amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of fifty-five dollars. S. 5223--B 49 § 9-b. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-a of chapter 145 and section 9-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip- ment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adju- dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi- vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seven- ty-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seven- ty-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of twenty-five dollars. § 9-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-b of chapter 145 and section 9-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi- vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF S. 5223--B 50 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-d. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-c of chapter 145 and section 9-c of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-d of chapter 145 and section 9-d of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in S. 5223--B 51 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-f. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-f of chapter 145 and section 9-f of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-g. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 10-g of chapter 145 and section 9-g of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJU- DICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 9-h. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and chapter 62 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows: 1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this state result in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a traffic infraction under this chapter other than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equipment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR S. 5223--B 52 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars. § 10. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11 of chapter 145 and section 10 of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap- ter, and except an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter of a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, and [expect] EXCEPT an adjudi- cation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or other than an adjudication of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDI- CATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD- ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this S. 5223--B 53 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap- ter, and except an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter of a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, and [expect] EXCEPT an adjudi- cation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou- sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-a of chapter 145 and section 10-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter of a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou- sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four S. 5223--B 54 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-b of chapter 145 and section 10-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudi- cation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regu- lations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-c of chapter 145 and section 10-c of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven S. 5223--B 55 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-e of chapter 145 and section 10-e of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap- ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight- y-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-f of chapter 145 and section 10-f of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- S. 5223--B 56 ter AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 10-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of the laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap- ter, AND EXCEPT AS AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT- Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. § 11. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8 of chapter 145 and section 11 of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there- of there is a certification from a court, parking violations bureau, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her representative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an administrative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eigh- teen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was S. 5223--B 57 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a, section elev- en hundred eleven-b or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap- ter for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (vi) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR (VIII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the regis- tration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal follow- ing entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commis- sioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reason- able grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-a. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there- of there is a certification from a court, parking violations bureau, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction or [adminstrative] ADMINISTRATIVE tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi- cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred S. 5223--B 58 eleven-a, section eleven hundred eleven-b or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap- ter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (vi) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, OR (VIII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final deci- sion. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-a of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019 and section 11-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019. is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi- cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap- ter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such S. 5223--B 59 section; or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (v) the regis- trant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter ; or (vi) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter; or [(vii)] (VIII) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter; OR (IX) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin- istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-b of chapter 145 and section 11-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section S. 5223--B 60 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter,[,] or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (VI) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; OR (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher- ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-c of chapter 145 and section 11-c of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord- ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter,[,] or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), S. 5223--B 61 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (v) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; OR (VI) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin- istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-d of chapter 145 and section 11-d of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- trant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section S. 5223--B 62 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher- ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-f of chapter 145 and section 11-f of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appear- ance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribu- nal that he has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's S. 5223--B 63 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-g of chapter 145 and section 11-g of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his OR HER represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- trant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAP- TER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEV- EN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final deci- sion. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his OR HER discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 11-h. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 339 and 592 of the laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows: a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his OR HER represen- tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned S. 5223--B 64 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis- trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to three or more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period, charging that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis- trant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER agent shall deny the regis- tration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an adminis- trative tribunal that he OR SHE has complied with the rules and regu- lations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his OR HER discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 12. The general municipal law is amended by adding a new section 371-a to read as follows: § 371-A. ADDITIONAL JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE RELATED TO THE ADJUDI- CATION OF CERTAIN NOTICES OF LIABILITY. A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION ONE AND A TRAFFIC AND PARKING VIOLATIONS AGENCY ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS ARTICLE MAY BE AUTHORIZED TO ADJUDI- CATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE. § 13. Section 1803 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding two new subdivisions 11 and 12 to read as follows: 11. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION, WHERE THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION HAS ESTABLISHED A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, ANY FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGISTRATE OR OTHER OFFICER FOR AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS PURSUANT TO SUCH PROGRAM SHALL BE PAID TO THE STATE COMPTROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF THE MONTH FOLLOWING COLLECTION. EVERY SUCH PAYMENT SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PROVIDE. THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY EIGHTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY IMPOSED FOR SUCH LIABILITY TO THE GENERAL FUND, AND TWENTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH S. 5223--B 65 FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE IN WHICH THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED. ALL FINES, PENALTIES AND FORFEI- TURES PAID TO A CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND OF SUCH CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE, UNLESS A DIFFERENT DISPOSITION IS PRESCRIBED BY CHARTER, SPECIAL LAW, LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE. 12. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION, WHERE THE CHAIR OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORITY HAS ESTABLISHED A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, ANY FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGISTRATE OR OTHER OFFICER FOR AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS PURSUANT TO SUCH PROGRAM SHALL BE PAID TO THE STATE COMPTROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF THE MONTH FOLLOWING COLLECTION. EVERY SUCH PAYMENT SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PROVIDE. THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY EIGHTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY IMPOSED FOR SUCH LIABILITY TO THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY, AND TWENTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE IN WHICH THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION, THE TERM "THRUWAY AUTHORITY" SHALL MEAN THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORITY, A BODY CORPORATE AND POLITIC CONSTITUTING A PUBLIC CORPORATION CREATED AND CONSTITUTED PURSUANT TO TITLE NINE OF ARTICLE TWO OF THE PUBLIC AUTHORITIES LAW. ALL FINES, PENALTIES AND FORFEITURES PAID TO A CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND OF SUCH CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE, UNLESS A DIFFERENT DISPOSITION IS PRESCRIBED BY CHARTER, SPECIAL LAW, LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE. § 14. Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law is amended by adding a new paragraph (r) to read as follows: (R) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW. § 15. The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program pursuant to section 1180-e of the vehicle and traffic law shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law. § 16. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have become a law and shall expire 5 years after such effective date when upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed; and provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of this act on its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such effective date, provided that: (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira- tion of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-a of this act shall take effect; (a-1) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect; (a-2) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect; S. 5223--B 66 (a-3) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect; (a-4) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect; (a-5) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect; (a-6) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect; (a-7) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-h of this act shall take effect; (a-8) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section one-h of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section one-i of this act shall take effect; (b) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira- tion of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-a of this act shall take effect; (b-1) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-b of this act shall take effect; (b-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-c of this act shall take effect; (b-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-d of this act shall take effect; (b-4) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-e of this act shall take effect; (b-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-f of this act shall take effect; (b-6) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-f of this act shall not affect the S. 5223--B 67 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-g of this act shall take effect; (b-7) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section two-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section two-h of this act shall take effect; (c) the amendments to subdivision 10 of section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section three of this act shall not affect the expi- ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section three-a of this act shall take effect; (c-1) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of this act shall take effect; (c-2) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of this act shall take effect; (c-3) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of this act shall take effect; (c-4) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of this act shall take effect; (c-5) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of this act shall take effect; (c-6) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of this act shall take effect; (c-7) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-g of this act shall take effect; (c-8) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-h of this act shall take effect; (d) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire S. 5223--B 68 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of this act shall take effect; (d-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of this act shall take effect; (d-2) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of this act shall take effect; (d-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of this act shall take effect; (d-4) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of this act shall take effect; (d-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of this act shall take effect; (d-6) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-g of this act shall take effect; (d-7) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-h of this act shall take effect; (d-8) the amendments to subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section five-h of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-i of this act shall take effect; (e) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of this act shall take effect; (e-1) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b of this act shall take effect; (e-2) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed S. 5223--B 69 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c of this act shall take effect; (e-3) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d of this act shall take effect; (e-4) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e of this act shall take effect; (e-5) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f of this act shall take effect; (e-6) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-g of this act shall take effect; (e-7) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-h of this act shall take effect; (f) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi- cle and traffic law made by section seven of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire there- with, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this act shall take effect; (f-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this act shall take effect; (f-2) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this act shall take effect; (f-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this act shall take effect; (f-4) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this act shall take effect; (f-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire S. 5223--B 70 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this act shall take effect; (f-6) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-g of this act shall take effect; (f-7) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of sections seven-h and seven-i of this act shall take effect; (g) the amendments to the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-a of this act shall take effect; (g-1) the amendments to the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-b of this act shall take effect; (g-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-c of this act shall take effect; (g-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-d of this act shall take effect; (g-4) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-e of this act shall take effect; (g-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-f of this act shall take effect; (g-6) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-g of this act shall take effect; (g-7) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section nine-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section nine-h of this act shall take effect; (h) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire S. 5223--B 71 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-a of this act shall take effect; (h-1) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-b of this act shall take effect; (h-2) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-c of this act shall take effect; (h-3) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-d of this act shall take effect; (h-4) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-e of this act shall take effect; (h-5) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-f of this act shall take effect; (h-6) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-g of this act shall take effect; (i) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-a of this act shall take effect; (i-1) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-b of this act shall take effect; (i-2) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-c of this act shall take effect; (i-3) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-d of this act shall take effect; (i-4) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-e of this act shall take effect; (i-5) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-f of this act shall take effect; (i-6) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such S. 5223--B 72 date the provisions of section eleven-g of this act shall take effect; and (i-7) the amendments to section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-h of this act shall take effect.
Comments
Open Legislation is a forum for New York State legislation. All comments are subject to review and community moderation is encouraged.
Comments deemed off-topic, commercial, campaign-related, self-promotional; or that contain profanity, hate or toxic speech; or that link to sites outside of the nysenate.gov domain are not permitted, and will not be published. Attempts to intimidate and silence contributors or deliberately deceive the public, including excessive or extraneous posting/posts, or coordinated activity, are prohibited and may result in the temporary or permanent banning of the user. Comment moderation is generally performed Monday through Friday. By contributing or voting you agree to the Terms of Participation and verify you are over 13.
Create an account. An account allows you to sign petitions with a single click, officially support or oppose key legislation, and follow issues, committees, and bills that matter to you. When you create an account, you agree to this platform's terms of participation.