S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   1423
 
                        2023-2024 Regular Sessions
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                             January 17, 2023
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by M. of A. WALKER, RIVERA -- Multi-Sponsored by -- M. of A.
   SIMON, TAYLOR -- read once and referred to  the  Committee  on  Higher
   Education
 
 AN  ACT  to  amend  the education law, in relation to prohibiting legacy
   preference and early decision admission policies at  higher  education
   institutions in this state

   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. Short title. This act may be known and shall  be  cited  as
 the "fair college admissions act".
   §  2.  Legislative  intent. a. The legislature hereby finds that there
 are significant income gains  associated  with  postsecondary  education
 degree  attainment,  with  New  York  state  residents with a bachelor's
 degree three times less likely to live in poverty than those with a high
 school diploma.
   b. The legislature further finds that students who attend and graduate
 from a highly selective higher education institution in the state of New
 York are much more likely to earn salaries in the  top  income  quintile
 than  those  who  graduate  from less selective institutions, furthering
 economic and social inequality.
   c. The legislature further finds that  within  most  highly  selective
 higher education institutions in New York state, degree completion rates
 for  students  from  low-income and working class family backgrounds are
 comparable to students from upper-income family backgrounds.
   d. The legislature further finds that many four-year higher  education
 institutions in New York state consider whether a prospective student is
 related to alumni as part of the admissions process.
   e. The legislature further finds that providing preferential treatment
 to  students  related  to  alumni  of  a higher education institution is
 discriminatory in nature and disproportionately hurts students who  come
 from  working  class  and  low-income families, have parents who did not
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD03099-01-3
              

 A. 1423                             2
 
 earn a bachelor's degree, are  undocumented,  are  immigrants,  and  are
 members of historically underrepresented minority groups formerly denied
 entry  into specific higher education institutions either as a matter of
 institution  policy or the effect of historic underlying law and govern-
 ment practices.
   f. The legislature further finds that 30 percent  of  bachelor  degree
 granting institutions in the state of New York currently employ an early
 decision  admissions policy that allows students to apply in the fall of
 their senior year and receive an application  decision  by  December  in
 exchange  for  committing  to  attend  that institution and foregoing an
 opportunity to compare  financial  aid  packages  offered  by  competing
 institutions of higher education.
   g.  The legislature further finds that at a number of higher education
 institutions, particularly highly selective institutions with low  admit
 rates, between 40 and 50 percent of enrolled students are admitted early
 decision, and early decision applicants are more than twice as likely to
 be admitted.
   h.  The  legislature further finds that early decision admission poli-
 cies are discriminatory in nature, as they favor  students  with  strong
 college  advising  and  the ability to commit to a college or university
 without considering a financial aid package. They  put  first-generation
 students,  students  at  under-resourced high schools, and students from
 working class and low-income backgrounds at a disadvantage because  they
 lack  awareness  of the strategic benefit of applying early decision and
 do not have the luxury of committing to an institution  without  knowing
 the post-financial aid cost of attendance.
   i.  The  legislature further finds that inequitable, unfair admissions
 policies and practices such as legacy preference and early decision  are
 a  significant  factor  behind  disparities  in college enrollment among
 students from historically underserved  racial  and  economic  subgroups
 compared  to  their  more advantaged peers at selective higher education
 institutions.
   j. The legislature hereby declares that a prohibition on legacy  pref-
 erence   and  early  decision  admissions  policies  at  degree-granting
 colleges and universities in the state shall further the goals of educa-
 tional, economic, and social equity, helping to diversify highly  selec-
 tive  institutions  while  closing achievement gaps between historically
 advantaged and disadvantaged groups, and shall commit to  achieving  the
 same with the following provisions of this act.
   §  3.  The  education  law is amended by adding a new section 239-c to
 read as follows:
   § 239-C. PROHIBITION ON LEGACY PREFERENCE AND EARLY DECISION ADMISSION
 POLICIES. 1.  DEFINITIONS. AS USED IN THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING  TERMS
 SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   (A)  "CONSIDER  ALUMNI/AE  RELATION  AS  A FACTOR IN ADMISSIONS" SHALL
 REFER TO WHEN AN ADMISSIONS  APPLICATION  ASKS  APPLICANTS  TO  INDICATE
 WHERE  THEIR  RELATIVES  ATTENDED  COLLEGE  AND THAT SUCH INFORMATION IS
 INCLUDED AMONG THE DOCUMENTS THAT THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION  USES
 TO CONSIDER AN APPLICANT FOR ADMISSION.
   (B) "EARLY ACTION" SHALL MEAN AN ADMISSIONS PLAN THAT ALLOWS A STUDENT
 TO  APPLY  AT  AN EARLIER STAGE OF THE ADMISSIONS PROCESS AND RECEIVE AN
 EXPEDITED ADMISSIONS DECISION BUT  DOES  NOT  REQUIRE  SUCH  STUDENT  TO
 COMMIT  TO  ATTEND  SUCH INSTITUTION UPON RECEIVING A DECISION OF ADMIT-
 TANCE.
   (C) "EARLY DECISION" SHALL MEAN  AN  ADMISSIONS  PLAN  THAT  ALLOWS  A
 STUDENT  TO  APPLY  AT  AN  EARLIER  STAGE OF THE ADMISSIONS PROCESS AND
 A. 1423                             3
 
 RECEIVE AN EXPEDITED ADMISSIONS DECISION  THAT  REQUIRES  SUCH  STUDENT,
 ABSENT UNIQUE CIRCUMSTANCES STIPULATED IN THE EARLY DECISION APPLICATION
 OR  OTHERWISE AGREED TO BY THE INSTITUTION, TO COMMIT TO ATTEND A HIGHER
 EDUCATION  INSTITUTION  SHOULD  SUCH STUDENT BE ADMITTED AND TO WITHDRAW
 ALL OTHER APPLICATIONS TO OTHER HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS.
   (D) "HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION" SHALL MEAN THE STATE UNIVERSITY  OF
 NEW  YORK, AS DEFINED IN SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED FIFTY-
 TWO OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, AS ESTABLISHED  IN
 SECTION  SIXTY-TWO  HUNDRED  THREE  OF  THIS CHAPTER, OR ANY INSTITUTION
 GIVEN THE POWER TO CONFER DEGREES IN THIS STATE BY THE BOARD OF  REGENTS
 AS PROVIDED IN SECTION TWO HUNDRED EIGHTEEN OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (E) "LEGACY PREFERENCE" SHALL MEAN A PREFERENCE IN ADMISSIONS GIVEN BY
 A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION TO APPLICANTS RELATED BY CONSANGUINITY OR
 AFFINITY TO ALUMNI OF SUCH INSTITUTION.
   2. PROHIBITION. NO HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THIS STATE SHALL:
   (A) CONSIDER ALUMNI/AE RELATION AS A FACTOR IN ADMISSIONS; OR
   (B)  EXECUTE  AN  EARLY  DECISION POLICY FOR UNDERGRADUATE ADMISSIONS.
 SUCH PROHIBITION SHALL NOT APPLY, HOWEVER, TO A HIGHER EDUCATION  INSTI-
 TUTION  THAT  ASKS APPLICANTS ABOUT RELATIONS TO ALUMNI OF SUCH INSTITU-
 TION AFTER AN OFFER OF ADMISSION AND FINANCIAL AID HAS BEEN ACCEPTED FOR
 THE PURPOSES OF DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTING.  FURTHERMORE, THE  PROHI-
 BITION  HEREIN  DESCRIBED  SHALL  NOT  BE CONSTRUED TO APPLY TO AN EARLY
 ACTION POLICY AS DEFINED IN PARAGRAPH (B) OF  SUBDIVISION  ONE  OF  THIS
 SECTION.
   3.  PENALTY.  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  TWO OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 RESULT IN A CIVIL PENALTY OF A SUM EQUIVALENT  TO  TEN  PERCENT  OF  THE
 NUMBER OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT FIRST YEAR STUDENTS ENROLLED AT THE HIGH-
 ER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION THE YEAR PREVIOUS TO THE VIOLATION MULTIPLIED
 BY SUCH INSTITUTION'S PUBLISHED TUITION AND FEES.
   4.  DEDICATION OF PENALTY FUNDS. ALL PENALTIES PAID PURSUANT TO SUBDI-
 VISION THREE OF THIS SECTION SHALL BE ASSESSED BY THE  COMMISSIONER  AND
 DEPOSITED INTO THE GENERAL FUND OF THE STATE.  SUCH MONIES SHALL THEN BE
 USED  FOR  THE  DISBURSEMENT  OF TUITION ASSISTANCE AWARDS BY THE HIGHER
 EDUCATION SERVICES CORPORATION TO ELIGIBLE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS PURSU-
 ANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF SECTIONS SIX  HUNDRED  SIXTY-SIX,  SIX  HUNDRED
 SIXTY-SEVEN, SIX HUNDRED SIXTY-SEVEN-A, AND SIX HUNDRED SIXTY SEVEN-C OF
 THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4.  This act shall take effect on the first of July next succeeding
 the date on which it shall have become a law.  Effective immediately the
 addition, amendment, and/or repeal of any rule or  regulation  necessary
 for  the implementation of this act on its effective date are authorized
 to be made and completed on or before such effective date.

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  1423--A
 
                        2023-2024 Regular Sessions
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                             January 17, 2023
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by M. of A. WALKER, RIVERA -- Multi-Sponsored by -- M. of A.
   SIMON, TAYLOR -- read once and referred to  the  Committee  on  Higher
   Education  -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as
   amended and recommitted to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the education law, in  relation  to  prohibiting  legacy
   admission policies at higher education institutions in this state
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. Short title. This act may be known and shall  be  cited  as
 the "fair college admissions act".
   §  2.  Legislative  intent. a. The legislature hereby finds that there
 are significant income gains  associated  with  postsecondary  education
 degree  attainment,  with  New  York  state  residents with a bachelor's
 degree three times less likely to live in poverty than those with a high
 school diploma.
   b. The legislature further finds that students who attend and graduate
 from a highly selective higher education institution in the state of New
 York are much more likely to earn salaries in the  top  income  quintile
 than  those  who  graduate  from less selective institutions, furthering
 economic and social inequality.
   c. The legislature further finds that  within  most  highly  selective
 higher education institutions in New York state, degree completion rates
 for  students  from  low-income and working class family backgrounds are
 comparable to students from upper-income family backgrounds.
   d. The legislature further finds that many four-year higher  education
 institutions in New York state consider whether a prospective student is
 related to alumni as part of the admissions process.
   e. The legislature further finds that providing preferential treatment
 to  students  related  to  alumni  of  a higher education institution is
 discriminatory in nature and disproportionately hurts students who  come
 from  working  class  and  low-income families, have parents who did not
 earn a bachelor's degree, are  undocumented,  are  immigrants,  and  are
 members of historically underrepresented minority groups formerly denied
 entry  into specific higher education institutions either as a matter of
 
              

  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD03099-03-3
 A. 1423--A                          2
 
 institution policy or the effect of historic underlying law and  govern-
 ment practices.
   f.  The  legislature further finds that inequitable, unfair admissions
 policies and practices such as legacy consideration  are  a  significant
 factor  behind  disparities  in  college  enrollment among students from
 historically underserved racial and economic subgroups compared to their
 more advantaged peers at selective higher education institutions.
   g. The legislature hereby declares that a prohibition on legacy admis-
 sion policies at degree-granting colleges and universities in the  state
 shall  further  the  goals  of educational, economic, and social equity,
 helping  to  diversify  highly  selective  institutions  while   closing
 achievement  gaps  between  historically  advantaged  and  disadvantaged
 groups, and shall commit  to  achieving  the  same  with  the  following
 provisions of this act.
   §  3.  The  education  law is amended by adding a new section 239-c to
 read as follows:
   § 239-C. PROHIBITION ON LEGACY ADMISSION POLICIES. 1.  DEFINITIONS. AS
 USED IN THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEAN-
 INGS:
   (A) "CONSIDER ALUMNI/AE RELATION AS  A  FACTOR  IN  ADMISSIONS"  SHALL
 REFER  TO  WHEN  AN  ADMISSIONS  APPLICATION ASKS APPLICANTS TO INDICATE
 WHERE THEIR RELATIVES ATTENDED COLLEGE  AND  THAT  SUCH  INFORMATION  IS
 INCLUDED  AMONG THE DOCUMENTS THAT THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION USES
 TO CONSIDER AN APPLICANT FOR ADMISSION.
   (B) "HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION" SHALL MEAN THE STATE UNIVERSITY  OF
 NEW  YORK, AS DEFINED IN SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED FIFTY-
 TWO OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, AS ESTABLISHED  IN
 SECTION  SIXTY-TWO  HUNDRED  THREE  OF  THIS CHAPTER, OR ANY INSTITUTION
 GIVEN THE POWER TO CONFER DEGREES IN THIS STATE BY THE BOARD OF  REGENTS
 AS PROVIDED IN SECTION TWO HUNDRED EIGHTEEN OF THIS ARTICLE.
   2.  PROHIBITION.  NO  HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THIS STATE SHALL
 CONSIDER ALUMNI/AE RELATION AS A FACTOR IN ADMISSIONS.  SUCH PROHIBITION
 SHALL NOT APPLY, HOWEVER, TO A HIGHER EDUCATION  INSTITUTION  THAT  ASKS
 APPLICANTS  ABOUT  RELATIONS  TO  ALUMNI/AE OF SUCH INSTITUTION AFTER AN
 OFFER OF ADMISSION AND FINANCIAL AID HAS BEEN ACCEPTED FOR THE  PURPOSES
 OF DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTING.
   3.  PENALTY.  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  TWO OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 RESULT IN A CIVIL PENALTY OF A SUM EQUIVALENT  TO  TEN  PERCENT  OF  THE
 NUMBER OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT FIRST YEAR STUDENTS ENROLLED AT THE HIGH-
 ER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION THE YEAR PREVIOUS TO THE VIOLATION MULTIPLIED
 BY SUCH INSTITUTION'S PUBLISHED TUITION AND FEES.
   4.  DEDICATION OF PENALTY FUNDS. ALL PENALTIES PAID PURSUANT TO SUBDI-
 VISION THREE OF THIS SECTION SHALL BE ASSESSED BY THE  COMMISSIONER  AND
 DEPOSITED INTO THE GENERAL FUND OF THE STATE.  SUCH MONIES SHALL THEN BE
 USED  FOR  THE  DISBURSEMENT  OF TUITION ASSISTANCE AWARDS BY THE HIGHER
 EDUCATION SERVICES CORPORATION TO ELIGIBLE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS PURSU-
 ANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF SECTIONS SIX  HUNDRED  SIXTY-SIX,  SIX  HUNDRED
 SIXTY-SEVEN, SIX HUNDRED SIXTY-SEVEN-A, AND SIX HUNDRED SIXTY SEVEN-C OF
 THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4.  This act shall take effect on the first of July next succeeding
 the date on which it shall have become a law.  Effective immediately the
 addition, amendment, and/or repeal of any rule or  regulation  necessary
 for  the implementation of this act on its effective date are authorized
 to be made and completed on or before such effective date.