3. "HEARING OFFICER" SHALL MEAN A HEARING OFFICER APPOINTED PURSUANT
TO SECTION ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-TWO OF THIS ARTICLE, AND SHALL INCLUDE
JUDICIAL HEARING OFFICERS.
4. "OPEN MEETINGS LAW" SHALL MEAN THE LAWS UNDER ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS
CHAPTER.
5. "PUBLIC BODY" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS DEFINED UNDER SECTION
ONE HUNDRED TWO OF THIS CHAPTER, AND SHALL APPLY TO ALL ENTITIES SUBJECT
TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE OPEN MEETINGS LAW.
§ 121. PROCEDURE TO REVIEW FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW REQUESTS AND
OPEN MEETINGS LAW REQUIREMENTS. 1. THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR OF THE COURTS
SHALL ESTABLISH A "FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW AND OPEN MEETINGS LAW
REVIEW PROGRAM" IN THE SUPREME COURT.
2. AN INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS MADE A REQUEST UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMA-
TION LAW AND IS CLAIMING TO BE AGGRIEVED BY A FAILURE OF AN AGENCY TO
APPROPRIATELY FULFILL SUCH REQUEST MAY FILE A PETITION FOR REVIEW PURSU-
ANT TO THIS ARTICLE PROVIDED THAT SUCH INDIVIDUAL SHALL HAVE FIRST FILED
AN ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL OF THEIR FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW REQUEST
PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (A) OF SUBDIVISION FOUR OF SECTION EIGHTY-NINE OF
THIS CHAPTER.
3. AN INDIVIDUAL CLAIMING A VIOLATION OF THE OPEN MEETINGS LAW MAY
FILE A PETITION FOR REVIEW PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE PROVIDED THAT SUCH
INDIVIDUAL SHALL HAVE FIRST FILED A REQUEST FOR AN OPINION REGARDING
THEIR CLAIM WITH THE NEW YORK STATE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT.
4. UPON DETERMINING A FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW APPEAL PURSUANT TO
PARAGRAPH (A) OF SUBDIVISION FOUR OF SECTION EIGHTY-NINE OF THIS CHAP-
TER, THE APPROPRIATE AGENCY SHALL INFORM THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW
REQUESTOR IN WRITING OF THEIR RIGHT TO COURT REVIEW UNDER THIS ARTICLE
WITH THEIR APPEAL DETERMINATION AND WHERE COURT REVIEW FORMS MAY BE
OBTAINED. EACH AGENCY SHALL ALSO IN THEIR APPEAL DETERMINATIONS NOTIFY
SUCH REQUESTORS OF THEIR RIGHT TO FILE A PROCEEDING PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
SEVENTY-EIGHT OF THE CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES, WITHIN ONE HUNDRED
TWENTY DAYS OF THE APPEAL DETERMINATION. THE PETITION FORM FOR COURT
REVIEW SHALL BE PROVIDED TO SUCH REQUESTORS, UPON REQUEST, AT NO COST IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE RULES PROMULGATED PURSUANT TO SECTION ONE HUNDRED
TWENTY-SEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE.
5. THE PETITION FOR REVIEW PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE FILED FOR
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW REVIEWS WITHIN THIRTY DAYS AFTER THE AGENCY
APPEAL DETERMINATION REFERENCED IN SUBDIVISION FOUR OF THIS SECTION, OR
IF NO RESPONSE WAS RECEIVED TO THE REQUESTOR'S APPEAL, WITHIN THIRTY
DAYS OF THE AGENCY APPEAL REQUEST BEING MADE. THE PETITION FOR REVIEW
PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE FILED FOR OPEN MEETINGS LAW REVIEWS
WITHIN THIRTY DAYS AFTER THE NEW YORK COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT
ISSUES AN OPINION OR THE PUBLIC BODY'S RESPONSE REGARDING THE
PETITIONER'S CLAIM, OR IF NO RESPONSE WAS RECEIVED, WITHIN THIRTY DAYS
OF THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC BODY REQUEST BEING MADE.
FAILURE TO FILE THE PETITION WITHIN SUCH TIME SHALL CONSTITUTE A
COMPLETE DEFENSE TO THE PETITION AND THE PETITION SHALL BE DISMISSED. A
FEE OF FIFTY DOLLARS SHALL BE PAID UPON FILING OF EACH PETITION, WHICH
SHALL BE THE SOLE FEE REQUIRED FOR PETITIONS FILED PURSUANT TO THIS
ARTICLE. THE COUNTY CLERK OF EACH COUNTY OUTSIDE THE CITY OF NEW YORK
SHALL RETAIN TEN DOLLARS OF EACH FILING FEE AND SHALL PAY THE BALANCE OF
EACH FEE TO THE OFFICE OF COURT ADMINISTRATION AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH
(E) OF SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION THIRTY-NINE OF THE JUDICIARY LAW.
6. THE PETITION FORM FOR FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW AND OPEN MEETINGS
LAW REVIEW SHALL BE PRESCRIBED BY THE OFFICE OF COURT ADMINISTRATION
AFTER CONSULTATION WITH THE NEW YORK COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT. SUCH
A. 7933 3
FORM SHALL REQUIRE THE PETITIONER TO SET FORTH THEIR NAME, MAILING
ADDRESS, TELEPHONE NUMBER, AND EMAIL ADDRESS, THE NAME OF THE AGENCY THE
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW REQUEST WAS MADE TO, OR THE NAME OF THE
PUBLIC BODY ALLEGED TO HAVE VIOLATED THE OPEN MEETINGS LAW, A CONCISE
STATEMENT OF THE GROUND OR GROUNDS UPON WHICH REVIEW IS SOUGHT AND ANY
SUCH OTHER INFORMATION AS MAY BE REQUIRED BY THE OFFICE OF COURT ADMIN-
ISTRATION.
7. NO PETITION FOR FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW OR OPEN MEETINGS LAW
REVIEW SHALL RELATE TO MORE THAN ONE REQUEST.
8. THE PETITION MAY BE MADE BY A PERSON WHO HAS KNOWLEDGE OF THE FACTS
STATED THEREIN AND WHO IS AUTHORIZED IN WRITING BY THE REQUESTOR TO FILE
SUCH PETITION. SUCH WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION SHALL BE MADE A PART OF SUCH
PETITION.
9. COMMENCEMENT OF A PROCEEDING UNDER THIS ARTICLE SHALL NOT STAY THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR FILING A PROCEEDING UNDER ARTICLE SEVENTY-EIGHT OF THE
CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES.
10. THE PETITIONER SHALL MAIL A COPY OF THE PETITION WITHIN FIVE DAYS
FROM THE DATE OF FILING WITH THE CLERK OF THE SUPREME COURT TO THE
RECORDS ACCESS OFFICER OF THE AGENCY OR PUBLIC BODY NAMED IN THE PETI-
TION, OR IF THERE IS NO SUCH OFFICER, THEN TO THE HEAD, CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OR GOVERNING BODY OF SUCH ENTITY. IN THE EVENT THAT SERVICE IS MADE BY
PERSONAL DELIVERY, THE RECORDS ACCESS OFFICER OR OTHER APPROPRIATE
PERSON SHALL PROVIDE A RECEIPT FOR SUCH SERVICE TO THE PETITIONER STAT-
ING THE DATE AND TIME OF SERVICE.
§ 122. APPOINTMENT OF HEARING OFFICERS. 1. THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR OF
THE COURTS SHALL APPOINT A PANEL OF HEARING OFFICERS SELECTED FROM
PERSONS REQUESTING TO SERVE AS SUCH HEARING OFFICERS WHO SHALL HAVE
SUBMITTED RESUMES OF QUALIFICATIONS. HEARING OFFICERS TO BE APPOINTED TO
THE PANEL SHALL BE QUALIFIED BY TRAINING, INTEREST, EXPERIENCE, TEMPER-
AMENT AND KNOWLEDGE OF NEW YORK'S FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW AND OPEN
MEETINGS LAW BUT NEED NOT BE ATTORNEYS. THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR OF THE
COURT SHALL RANDOMLY ASSIGN A HEARING OFFICER OR HEARING OFFICERS, OR
MAY ASSIGN A JUDICIAL HEARING OFFICER DESIGNATED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
TWENTY-TWO OF THE JUDICIARY LAW, TO CONDUCT AN INFORMAL HEARING ON THE
PETITION FOR REVIEW WITH THE APPLICANTS AND A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
AGENCY WHICH MADE THE DETERMINATION SOUGHT TO BE REVIEWED OR THE PUBLIC
BODY FOR WHICH AN OPEN MEETINGS LAW VIOLATION HAS BEEN ALLEGED. HEARING
OFFICERS ASSIGNED SHALL NOT POSSESS ANY CONFLICT OF INTEREST WITH REGARD
TO THE PETITIONS TO BE HEARD. HEARING OFFICERS SHALL BE COMPENSATED AT
LEAST ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS PER HEARING FOR THEIR SERVICES IN ACCORDANCE
WITH A FEE SCHEDULE TO BE ESTABLISHED BY THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR OF THE
COURTS.
2. A HEARING OFFICER SHALL DISQUALIFY HIMSELF OR HERSELF FROM A HEAR-
ING WHERE SUCH OFFICER POSSESSES A CONFLICT OF INTEREST. SUCH HEARING
OFFICER SHALL ALSO DISQUALIFY HIMSELF OR HERSELF FROM A HEARING WHERE
SUCH HEARING OFFICER HAS A DIRECT OR INDIRECT INTEREST IN ANY AGENCY OR
PUBLIC BODY FOR WHICH A PETITION HAS BEEN FILED OR A DIRECT OR INDIRECT
INTEREST WITH A PETITIONER. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS ARTICLE, A HEARING
OFFICER SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE A DIRECT OR INDIRECT INTEREST IN ANY
AGENCY OR PUBLIC BODY FOR WHICH A PETITION HAS BEEN FILED OR WITH A
PETITIONER, WHEN THE HEARING OFFICER, SPOUSE, REGISTERED DOMESTIC PART-
NER, ANY OF HIS OR HER CHILDREN, MOTHER, FATHER, BROTHER, OR SISTER:
(A) HAS AN INTEREST IN ANY CONTRACT WITH THE AGENCY, PUBLIC BODY, OR
PETITIONER;
(B) IS EMPLOYED BY THE AGENCY, PUBLIC BODY, OR PETITIONER; OR
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(C) SERVES ON THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE AGENCY OR IS AN ELECTED
OFFICIAL OF THE PUBLIC BODY.
3. WHERE A HEARING OFFICER DISQUALIFIES HIMSELF OR HERSELF, SUCH HEAR-
ING OFFICER SHALL NOTIFY THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR OF THE COURT WHO SHALL
REASSIGN THE CASE TO ANOTHER HEARING OFFICER.
§ 123. HEARING PROCEDURES. 1. HEARINGS UNDER THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE
HELD WITHIN FORTY-FIVE DAYS OF THE FILING OF A PETITION. IN THE EVENT
ALL SUCH HEARINGS CANNOT BE HELD WITHIN FORTY-FIVE DAYS, HEARINGS MAY BE
HELD AT A LATER DATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RULES PROMULGATED PURSUANT
TO SECTION ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-SEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH HEARING, WHERE
PRACTICABLE, SHALL BE HELD VIRTUALLY/REMOTELY VIA VIDEO CONFERENCING OR
TELEPHONE CONFERENCING. IF FOR ANY REASON IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO CONDUCT
A HEARING VIRTUALLY/REMOTELY THEN THE HEARING SHALL OCCUR AT A LOCATION
WITHIN THE COUNTY IN WHICH THE PETITIONER RESIDES. A HYBRID HEARING MAY
BE HELD WHERE SOME PARTIES INCLUDING THE HEARING OFFICER APPEAR IN
PERSON AND OTHERS APPEAR REMOTELY/VIRTUALLY. THE PETITIONER AND AGENCY
OR PUBLIC BODY SHALL BE ADVISED BY MAIL AND/OR EMAIL OF THE TIME AND
PLACE OF SUCH HEARING AND HOW TO APPEAR ELECTRONICALLY VIA VIDEO OR
TELEPHONE AT LEAST TEN BUSINESS DAYS PRIOR TO THE DATE OF THE HEARING;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT FAILURE TO RECEIVE SUCH NOTICE IN SUCH TIME
PERIOD SHALL NOT BAR THE HOLDING OF A HEARING.
2. THE PETITIONER SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED TO PRESENT EXPERT WITNESSES
NOR BE REPRESENTED BY AN ATTORNEY AT SUCH HEARING. SUCH PROCEEDINGS
SHALL BE CONDUCTED ON AN INFORMAL BASIS IN SUCH MANNER AS TO DO SUBSTAN-
TIAL JUSTICE BETWEEN THE PARTIES. THE PETITIONER SHALL NOT BE BOUND BY
STATUTORY PROVISIONS OR RULES OF PRACTICE, PROCEDURE, PLEADING OR
EVIDENCE. ALL STATEMENTS AND PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE MADE AT THE HEAR-
ING BY EITHER PARTY SHALL BE MADE OR PRESENTED TO THE HEARING OFFICER
WHO SHALL ASSURE THAT DECORUM IS MAINTAINED AT THE HEARING. THE HEARING
OFFICER SHALL CONSIDER THE BEST EVIDENCE PRESENTED IN EACH PARTICULAR
CASE. SUCH EVIDENCE MAY INCLUDE, BUT SHALL NOT BE LIMITED TO, THE
REQUEST MADE AND RESPONSE PROVIDED THERETO. THE AGENCY OR PUBLIC BODY
SHALL HAVE THE BURDEN OF PROVING WHY THE INFORMATION SOUGHT IS EXEMPT
FROM DISCLOSURE UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW OR MADE AVAILABLE
AS REQUIRED BY THE OPEN MEETINGS LAW, AND IF FEES ARE BEING CHARGED THE
BURDEN OF PROVING WHY SUCH FEES ARE PROPER.
3. ALL PARTIES SHALL BE REQUIRED TO APPEAR AT THE HEARING IN PERSON OR
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUBDIVISION TWO OF THIS SECTION. FAILURE TO APPEAR
SHALL RESULT IN THE PETITION BEING DETERMINED UPON INQUEST BY THE HEAR-
ING OFFICER BASED UPON THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE SUBMITTED.
4. THE HEARING OFFICER SHALL DETERMINE ALL QUESTIONS OF FACT AND LAW
DE NOVO.
§ 124. DECISION OF PETITION FOR FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW AND OPEN
MEETINGS LAW REVIEW. 1. THE HEARING OFFICER SHALL MAKE A DECISION IN
WRITING WITH RESPECT TO THE PETITION WITHIN THIRTY DAYS AFTER CONCLUSION
OF THE HEARING CONDUCTED WITH RESPECT THERETO. THE HEARING OFFICER'S
DECISION MAY GRANT THE PETITION IN FULL OR IN PART OR MAY DENY THE PETI-
TION. THE HEARING OFFICER MAY AWARD THE PETITIONER COSTS AGAINST THE
RESPONDENT AGENCY OR PUBLIC BODY IN AN AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED THE FEE PAID
BY THE PETITIONER TO FILE THE PETITION FOR REVIEW. IN UNUSUAL CIRCUM-
STANCES, THE HEARING OFFICER MAY EXTEND THE THIRTY-DAY TIME LIMIT BY
SENDING WRITTEN NOTICE TO THE PETITIONING PARTY AND A COPY TO THE DENY-
ING AGENCY OR PUBLIC BODY, SETTING FORTH THE REASONS FOR THE EXTENSION,
AND THE DAY ON WHICH A DECISION IS EXPECTED TO BE ISSUED, WHICH SHALL
NOT EXCEED AN ADDITIONAL THIRTY DAYS. AS USED IN THIS SECTION, THE TERM
"UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES" SHALL MEAN, BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT REASONABLY
A. 7933 5
NECESSARY TO THE PROPER RESOLUTION OF A PETITION: (A) THE NEED TO OBTAIN
ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION FROM THE AGENCY AND A COPY OF THE RECORDS
INVOLVED; OR (B) THE NEED TO CONDUCT EXTENSIVE RESEARCH ON ISSUES OF
FIRST IMPRESSION.
2. IF THE HEARING OFFICER DETERMINES FROM THE PETITION AND UPON THE
EVIDENCE PRESENTED AT THE HEARING THAT THE DETERMINATION BY THE AGENCY
OR PUBLIC BODY BEING REVIEWED TO WITHHOLD INFORMATION IS IMPROPER OR THE
FEES BEING SOUGHT ARE EXCESSIVE, HE OR SHE SHALL ORDER A CORRECTION OF
THE DECISION MADE IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN SUCH MANNER AS SHALL BE IN
ACCORDANCE WITH LAW.
3. IF THE HEARING OFFICER DETERMINES THAT THE PETITIONER DID NOT QUAL-
IFY FOR REVIEW PURSUANT TO SECTION ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-ONE OF THIS ARTI-
CLE, THE PETITION SHALL BE DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE AND THE PETITIONER,
NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, SHALL BE PERMITTED TO
COMMENCE A PROCEEDING PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SEVENTY-EIGHT OF THE CIVIL
PRACTICE LAW AND RULES WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE STATUTE OF LIMI-
TATIONS FOR SUCH A PROCEEDING SHALL NOT BE TOLLED BY PETITIONS FILED
UNDER THIS ARTICLE.
4. THE DECISION OF THE HEARING OFFICER SHALL STATE THE FINDINGS OF
FACT AND THE EVIDENCE UPON WHICH IT IS BASED. SUCH DECISIONS SHALL BE
ATTACHED TO AND MADE PART OF THE PETITION FOR REVIEW AND SHALL BE DATED
AND SIGNED. WHERE THE DECISION OF THE HEARING OFFICER DETERMINES THAT
THE PETITIONER DID NOT QUALIFY FOR REVIEW PURSUANT TO SECTION ONE
HUNDRED TWENTY-ONE OF THIS ARTICLE, A NOTICE SHALL BE ATTACHED TO SUCH
DECISION STATING THAT THE PETITIONER MAY SEEK JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THEIR
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW REQUEST PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SEVENTY-EIGHT OF
THE CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES, AND THAT THE LAST DAY TO FILE FOR
JUDICIAL REVIEW IS ONE HUNDRED TWENTY DAYS AFTER HAVING BEEN SERVED WITH
A COPY OF SUCH DECISION. WHERE THE DECISION OF THE HEARING OFFICER
DETERMINES THAT THE PETITION IS GRANTED IN FULL OR IN PART, A NOTICE
SHALL BE ATTACHED TO SUCH DECISION STATING THAT THE DETERMINATION OF THE
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW REQUEST SHALL BE CHANGED IN COMPLIANCE WITH
SUCH DECISION AND THAT SUCH CHANGE SHALL BE FOLLOWED BY NAME, TELEPHONE
NUMBER AND/OR ADDRESS OF THE AGENCY.
5. THE HEARING OFFICER SHALL PROMPTLY TRANSMIT THE DECISION TO THE
CLERK OF THE COURT, WHO SHALL FILE AND ENTER IT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
RULES PROMULGATED PURSUANT TO SECTION ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-SEVEN OF THIS
ARTICLE.
6. THE HEARING OFFICER SHALL PROMPTLY MAIL A COPY OF THE DECISION TO
THE PETITIONER, THE AGENCY OR PUBLIC BODY NAMED IN THE PETITION.
§ 125. DETERMINATION NOT PRECEDENT. NO TRANSCRIPT OF TESTIMONY SHALL
BE MADE OF A HEARING HELD UNDER THIS ARTICLE. THE HEARING OFFICER'S
DECISION OF A PETITION UNDER THIS ARTICLE SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE PRECEDENT
FOR ANY PURPOSE OR PROCEEDING INVOLVING THE PARTIES OR ANY OTHER PERSON
OR PERSONS.
§ 126. WAIVER OF OTHER REMEDIES AND RIGHT TO JUDICIAL REVIEW. A PETI-
TIONER TO AN ACTION PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE MAY SEEK JUDICIAL REVIEW
PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SEVENTY-EIGHT OF THE CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES,
PROVIDED THAT SUCH REVIEW SHALL BE MAINTAINED AGAINST THE SAME PARTIES
NAMED IN THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW OR OPEN MEETINGS LAW PETITION.
§ 127. RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE. THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR OF THE
COURTS SHALL ADOPT SUCH RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE, CONSISTENT WITH
THIS ARTICLE, AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THE FREEDOM OF INFORMA-
TION LAW AND OPEN MEETINGS LAW REVIEW PROCEDURE ESTABLISHED UNDER THIS
ARTICLE. SUCH RULES SHALL PROVIDE FOR THE SCHEDULING OF EVENING HEARINGS
WHERE PRACTICABLE, THE AVAILABILITY OF PETITION FORMS, AND THE PROCE-
A. 7933 6
DURES FOR THE FILING OF DECISION RENDERED BY HEARING OFFICERS PURSUANT
TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE.
§ 2. This act shall take effect one year after it shall have become a
law. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any
rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of this act on its
effective date are authorized to be made and completed on or before such
effective date.