S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   9950
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                              April 26, 2024
                                ___________
 
 Introduced by M. of A. CRUZ, ARDILA, COLTON -- read once and referred to
   the Committee on Codes
 
 AN ACT to amend the criminal procedure law, in relation to requiring the
   court,  prior to accepting a plea, to advise the defendant of the risk
   of deportation if such defendant is not a citizen
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  Subdivision 7 of section 220.50 of the criminal procedure
 law, as amended by chapter 738 of the laws of 2004, is amended  to  read
 as follows:
   7.  (A) Prior to [accepting a defendant's plea of guilty to a count or
 counts of an indictment or a superior court information charging a felo-
 ny offense, the court must advise the defendant on the record,  that  if
 the  defendant  is  not  a citizen of the United States, the defendant's
 plea of guilty and the court's acceptance  thereof  may  result  in  the
 defendant's  deportation,  exclusion from admission to the United States
 or denial of naturalization pursuant to the laws of the  United  States.
 Where the plea of guilty is to a count or counts of an indictment charg-
 ing  a  felony offense other than a violent felony offense as defined in
 section 70.02 of the penal law or an A-I felony offense  other  than  an
 A-I  felony  as  defined in article two hundred twenty of the penal law,
 the court must also, prior to accepting such plea, advise the  defendant
 that,  if  the defendant is not a citizen of the United States and is or
 becomes the subject of a final order of deportation issued by the United
 States Immigration and Naturalization  Service,  the  defendant  may  be
 paroled to the custody of the Immigration and Naturalization Service for
 deportation  purposes  at any time subsequent to the commencement of any
 indeterminate or determinate prison sentence imposed as a result of  the
 defendant's  plea.  The failure to advise the defendant pursuant to this
 subdivision shall not be deemed to affect the voluntariness of a plea of
 guilty or the validity of a conviction, nor shall it afford a  defendant
 any  rights  in  a  subsequent  proceeding  relating to such defendant's
 deportation, exclusion or denial  of  naturalization.]  THE  DEFENDANT'S
 ENTRY  OF  A PLEA OF GUILTY TO ANY ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT IN ANY CRIMINAL
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
              

                                                            LBD07452-03-4
 A. 9950                             2
 
 ACTION, THE COURT SHALL ORALLY GIVE EVERY DEFENDANT ON  THE  RECORD  THE
 FOLLOWING  NOTIFICATION: "IF YOU ARE NOT A CITIZEN OF THE UNITED STATES,
 YOU MAY BECOME DEPORTABLE, INELIGIBLE FOR NATURALIZATION OR INADMISSIBLE
 TO THE UNITED STATES BASED ON A CONVICTION BY PLEA OR VERDICT."
   (I)  THE  COURT  SHALL  NOTIFY  EVERY DEFENDANT IN A LANGUAGE THAT THE
 DEFENDANT UNDERSTANDS WITHOUT INQUIRING ABOUT THE  DEFENDANT'S  CITIZEN-
 SHIP OR IMMIGRATION STATUS ON THE RECORD.
   (II)  ONLY  THE COURT SHALL NOTIFY DEFENDANTS ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF
 DEPORTABILITY, INELIGIBILITY FOR NATURALIZATION, OR  INADMISSIBILITY  TO
 THE  UNITED STATES PURSUANT TO THIS PARAGRAPH.  THE COURT AND THE PEOPLE
 SHALL NOT MAKE ANY  OTHER  STATEMENTS  ABOUT  IMMIGRATION  CONSEQUENCES,
 INCLUDING  BUT  NOT  LIMITED  TO STATEMENTS REGARDING LIKELY IMMIGRATION
 CONSEQUENCES, CONDITION DEFENDANT'S  GUILTY  PLEA  REGARDLESS  OF  IMMI-
 GRATION CONSEQUENCES, OR REQUIRE WAIVER OF ANY ISSUE OR CLAIM RELATED TO
 IMMIGRATION CONSEQUENCES.  THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH SHALL NOT
 PRECLUDE  THE  PEOPLE  FROM CITING TO THIS SUBDIVISION TO ENSURE COMPLI-
 ANCE.
   (III) UPON REQUEST OF THE DEFENDANT, THE COURT SHALL ALLOW THE DEFEND-
 ANT ADDITIONAL TIME TO SECURE COUNSEL OR CONSIDER THE APPROPRIATENESS OF
 THE PLEA FOLLOWING THE NOTIFICATION DESCRIBED IN THIS SUBDIVISION,  WITH
 SUCH PLEA OFFER REMAINING OPEN.
   (IV)  ADVICE REGARDING IMMIGRATION CONSEQUENCES GIVEN BY DEFENSE COUN-
 SEL DOES NOT ABSOLVE THE COURT OF ITS INDEPENDENT OBLIGATION TO GIVE THE
 NOTICE MANDATED IN THIS SUBDIVISION.
   (V) THE NOTIFICATION DOES NOT ABSOLVE DEFENSE COUNSEL OF  THEIR  INDE-
 PENDENT  OBLIGATION  TO  EXPLAIN  THE  IMMIGRATION  CONSEQUENCES  TO THE
 DEFENDANT.
   (VI) NOTHING IN THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL PROHIBIT A COURT OR THE  PEOPLE
 FROM  CONSIDERING  THE  IMMIGRATION  STATUS  OF A DEFENDANT IN ACCEPTING
 ENTRY OF A PLEA, IMPOSING A LOWER SENTENCE ACCORDING TO LAW,  CONSENTING
 TO A LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE, OR FILING AN ADDITIONAL ACCUSATORY INSTRU-
 MENT.
   (B)  AT  THE  TIME  OF A DEFENDANT'S ARRAIGNMENT, THE COURT SHALL ALSO
 COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION, THOUGH FAILURE TO  DO  SO
 DOES NOT REQUIRE VACATUR PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (C) OF THIS SUBDIVISION.
   (C)  WHEN  A  CONVICTION  OR  PLEA HAS POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL IMMIGRATION
 CONSEQUENCES FOR A DEFENDANT, (1) THE COURT'S FAILURE TO STRICTLY COMPLY
 WITH PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION, ON OR AFTER THE  EFFECTIVE  DATE
 OF  THIS  SUBDIVISION, SHALL RENDER THE PLEA UNKNOWING, INVOLUNTARY, AND
 UNINTELLIGENT, REQUIRING  VACATUR.  (2)  THE  COURT'S  FAILURE  TO  HAVE
 SUBSTANTIALLY  COMPLIED  WITH  PARAGRAPH  (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION IN ANY
 FELONY PROCEEDING THAT WAS PENDING OR  ON  DIRECT  APPEAL  ON  OR  AFTER
 NOVEMBER NINETEENTH, TWO THOUSAND THIRTEEN TO THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS
 SUBDIVISION SHALL RENDER THE PLEA UNKNOWING, INVOLUNTARY, AND UNINTELLI-
 GENT,  REQUIRING VACATUR. AN APPLICATION TO VACATE THE JUDGMENT OR WITH-
 DRAW THE DEFENDANT'S PLEA OF GUILTY ON THIS BASIS CAN BE  RAISED  EITHER
 ON DIRECT APPEAL OR AT ANY TIME PURSUANT TO A MOTION UNDER PARAGRAPH (H)
 OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION 440.10 OF THIS CHAPTER.
   (I)  THE  TERM "POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL IMMIGRATION CONSEQUENCES" INCLUDES
 BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO THE USE OF THE RELEVANT PENAL LAW SECTION  IN  ANY
 REMOVAL PROCEEDING OR ADJUDICATION UNDER FEDERAL IMMIGRATION LAW.
   (II)  ALL RECORDS, PAPERS, AND AFFIRMATIONS SUBMITTED BY THE DEFENDANT
 TO ESTABLISH THAT SUCH DEFENDANT IS NOT A UNITED STATES CITIZEN AND THAT
 THE CONVICTION HAS POTENTIAL  OR  ACTUAL  IMMIGRATION  CONSEQUENCES  ARE
 CONFIDENTIAL  AND  MAY  NOT BE MADE AVAILABLE TO ANY PERSON OR PUBLIC OR
 A. 9950                             3
 
 PRIVATE AGENCY, EXCEPT WHERE SPECIFICALLY REQUIRED BY STATUTE OR WHEN SO
 REQUESTED BY THE DEFENDANT.
   (III)  UNLESS THE REQUIRED NOTIFICATION APPEARS ON THE RECORD OR IF NO
 RECORD EXISTS, THE DEFENDANT SHALL BE PRESUMED TO HAVE NOT RECEIVED  THE
 NOTIFICATION FROM THE COURT.
   (IV)  THIS  REMEDY FOR THE COURT'S FAILURE TO PROVIDE THE NOTIFICATION
 IS REQUIRED NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PRESERVATION REQUIREMENT OR  FAILURE  TO
 OBJECT BY THE DEFENDANT TO THE COURT'S FAILURE TO GIVE THE NOTIFICATION.
   (V) THIS REMEDY FOR THE COURT'S FAILURE TO PROVIDE THE NOTIFICATION IS
 REQUIRED NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PREJUDICE REQUIREMENT.
   (D)  NO  COURT MAY RELY ON THE EXISTENCE OF A NOTIFICATION GIVEN UNDER
 THIS SUBDIVISION IN CONSIDERING WHETHER A DEFENDANT  SUFFERED  PREJUDICE
 OR  RECEIVED  MEANINGFUL  REPRESENTATION  UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF THIS
 STATE.   MEANINGFUL REPRESENTATION REQUIRES,  AT  MINIMUM,  FOR  DEFENSE
 COUNSEL  TO  DETERMINE,  ADVISE, AND NEGOTIATE EFFECTIVELY REGARDING THE
 IMMIGRATION CONSEQUENCES OF A DEFENDANT'S CHARGES, PLEA, OR CONVICTION.
   § 2. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day  after  it  shall
 have become a law; provided, however, that the amendments to subdivision
 7 of section 220.50 of the criminal procedure law made by section one of
 this  act  shall  not affect the repeal of such subdivision and shall be
 deemed repealed therewith.