NY State Senate Bill 2023-S1012A

Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Transportation Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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Actions

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	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Mar 01, 2024	print number 1012b
Mar 01, 2024	amend and recommit to transportation
Jan 03, 2024	referred to transportation
Feb 10, 2023	print number 1012a
Feb 10, 2023	amend and recommit to transportation
Jan 09, 2023	referred to transportation

Bill Amendments

Original

B (Active)

co-Sponsors

2023-S1012 - Details

Current Committee:: Senate Transportation
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Add Art 34-E §§1290 - 1298, §§383-a & 301-c, V & T L
Versions Introduced in 2021-2022 Legislative Session:: S8468

2023-S1012 - Summary

Provides that a person may operate a fully autonomous vehicle on the public roads of this state without a human driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the vehicle meets certain conditions; defines terms; requires insurance and that such vehicle is registered as a fully autonomous vehicle; makes related provisions.

2023-S1012 - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S1012

SPONSOR: COONEY
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to autonomous
vehicle driving

 
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:

Section 1 creates a new article 34-e to the vehicle and traffic law
which:

-Defines various terms;

-Authorizes the operation of a fully autonomous vehicle without a human
driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the
vehicle meets certain conditions;

-Clarifies that the automated driving system is the driver and operator
of the vehicle;

-Requires adequate proof of insurance;

-Defines the duties of the owner of the vehicle in the event of a crash;

-Authorizes the use of an on-demand autonomous vehicle network;

-Requires proper registration and title for fully autonomous vehicles;

-Clarifies that state law is the sole controlling authority over fully
autonomous vehicles, and that the department of motor vehicles is the
sole and exclusive state agency that may implement this article; and

-Delineates the operation of a motor vehicle with an automated driving
system by a human driver

Section 2 adds a new section 383-a to the vehicle and traffic law which
exempts fully autonomous vehicles from motor vehicle equipment laws or
regulations which only relate to operation by a human driver and are not
relevant for an automated driving system.

Section 3 adds a new section 301-c to the vehicle and traffic law which
brings inspection requirements for these vehicles in conformance with
the equipment standards in section 383-a.

Section 4 establishes the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Presently, New York State law does not provide a regulatory framework
for commercial deployment of autonomous vehicles in the state. Under the
law, there is only a limited autonomous vehicle testing program, which
is set to expire on April 1, 2023.

In 2021, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported
that 38,680 individuals died in vehicular crashes, which is the highest
total in more than 14 years. According to the Institute for Traffic
Safety Management and Research, there was an increase of deaths result-
ing from motor vehicle accidents in New York in 2020, up from 2019.
Nearly %40% of these fatalities resulting from motor vehicle accidents
in New York were caused by alcohol or drug-related impairments. Addi-
tionally, in 2021, there has been an 11% increase in non-fatal crashes
in New York over 2020. Autonomous Vehicle technology is one solution
that can help reduce the number of traffic fatalities and collisions due
to human factors such as distraction, exhaustion, and intoxication.

This legislation creates a regulatory framework for autonomous vehicles
to be commercially deployed in the State of New York by detailing
requirements for: the safe operation of a fully autonomous vehicle with
and without a human driver, licensing and insurance requirements for
autonomous vehicles, duties following a potential collision involving an
autonomous vehicle, and integration into an on-demand autonomous vehicle
network.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2021-22: S.8468

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

None to the state.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall have
become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or
repeal of any rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of
this act on its effective date are authorized to be made and completed
on or before such effective date.

2023-S1012 - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   1012
 
                        2023-2024 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              January 9, 2023
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sens. COONEY, SKOUFIS -- read twice and ordered printed,
   and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation  to  autonomous
   vehicle driving
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1.  The vehicle and traffic law is amended  by  adding  a  new
 article 34-E to read as follows:
                               ARTICLE 34-E
                        AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE DRIVING
 SECTION 1290. DEFINITIONS.
         1291. OPERATION  OF  FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLES WITHOUT A HUMAN
                 DRIVER.
         1292. LICENSING.
         1293. INSURANCE.
         1294. DUTIES FOLLOWING CRASHES INVOLVING FULLY AUTONOMOUS  VEHI-
                 CLES.
         1295. ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK.
         1296. REGISTRATION AND TITLE.
         1297. CONTROLLING AUTHORITY.
         1298. OPERATION  OF  A  MOTOR  VEHICLE WITH AN AUTOMATED DRIVING
                 SYSTEM BY A HUMAN DRIVER.
   § 1290. DEFINITIONS. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS ARTICLE THE FOLLOWING  TERMS
 SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1.  "AUTOMATED  DRIVING  SYSTEM"  SHALL MEAN THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
 THAT ARE COLLECTIVELY CAPABLE OF PERFORMING THE ENTIRE  DYNAMIC  DRIVING
 TASK  ON  A  SUSTAINED  BASIS,  REGARDLESS OF WHETHER IT IS LIMITED TO A
 SPECIFIC OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN;
   2. "DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK OR DDT" SHALL MEAN ALL OF THE REAL-TIME OPER-
 ATIONAL AND TACTICAL FUNCTIONS REQUIRED TO OPERATE A VEHICLE IN  ON-ROAD
 TRAFFIC,  EXCLUDING  THE STRATEGIC FUNCTIONS SUCH AS TRIP SCHEDULING AND

  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD00620-01-3

 S. 1012                             2
 
 SELECTION OF DESTINATIONS AND WAYPOINTS, AND INCLUDING  WITHOUT  LIMITA-
 TION:  LATERAL  VEHICLE MOTION CONTROL VIA STEERING, LONGITUDINAL MOTION
 CONTROL VIA ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION, MONITORING THE DRIVING  ENVI-
 RONMENT VIA OBJECT AND EVENT DETECTION, RECOGNITION, CLASSIFICATION, AND
 RESPONSE  PREPARATION,  OBJECT  AND  EVENT  RESPONSE EXECUTION, MANEUVER
 PLANNING; AND ENHANCING CONSPICUITY VIA LIGHTING, SIGNALING, AND GESTUR-
 ING;
   3. "DDT FALLBACK" SHALL MEAN THE RESPONSE BY THE PERSON OR HUMAN DRIV-
 ER TO EITHER PERFORM THE DDT OR ACHIEVE A MINIMAL RISK  CONDITION  AFTER
 OCCURRENCE  OF  A DDT PERFORMANCE-RELEVANT SYSTEM FAILURE OR FAILURES OR
 UPON OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN EXIT, OR THE  RESPONSE  BY  AN  AUTOMATED
 DRIVING SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE MINIMAL RISK CONDITION, GIVEN THE SAME CIRCUM-
 STANCES;
   4. "FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE" SHALL MEAN A MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH
 AN  AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM DESIGNED TO FUNCTION WITHOUT A HUMAN DRIVER
 AS A LEVEL 4 OR 5 SYSTEM UNDER SAE J3016;
   5. "HUMAN DRIVER" SHALL MEAN A NATURAL PERSON IN THE  VEHICLE  WITH  A
 VALID LICENSE TO OPERATE A MOTOR VEHICLE WHO CONTROLS ALL OR PART OF THE
 DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK;
   6.  "MINIMAL RISK CONDITION" SHALL MEAN A CONDITION TO WHICH A PERSON,
 HUMAN DRIVER, OR AN ADS MAY BRING A VEHICLE  AFTER  PERFORMING  THE  DDT
 FALLBACK IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE RISK OF A CRASH WHEN A GIVEN TRIP CANNOT
 OR SHOULD NOT BE COMPLETED;
   7.  "ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK" SHALL MEAN A TRANSPORTATION
 SERVICE NETWORK THAT USES A SOFTWARE APPLICATION OR OTHER DIGITAL  MEANS
 TO  DISPATCH  OR  OTHERWISE ENABLE THE PRE-ARRANGEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
 WITH FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES FOR PURPOSES OF  TRANSPORTING  PASSENGERS
 OR  GOODS,  INCLUDING  FOR-HIRE  TRANSPORTATION  AND  TRANSPORTATION  OF
 PASSENGERS OR GOODS FOR COMPENSATION;
   8. "OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN OR ODD" SHALL MEAN OPERATING  CONDITIONS
 UNDER WHICH A GIVEN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO
 FUNCTION,  INCLUDING,  BUT  NOT LIMITED TO, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOGRAPHICAL,
 AND TIME-OF-DAY RESTRICTIONS, AND/OR THE REQUISITE PRESENCE  OR  ABSENCE
 OF CERTAIN TRAFFIC OR ROADWAY CHARACTERISTICS;
   9.  "PERSON" SHALL MEAN A NATURAL PERSON, CORPORATION, BUSINESS TRUST,
 ESTATE, TRUST,  PARTNERSHIP,  LIMITED  LIABILITY  COMPANY,  ASSOCIATION,
 JOINT  VENTURE,  GOVERNMENTAL  AGENCY,  PUBLIC CORPORATION, OR ANY OTHER
 LEGAL OR COMMERCIAL ENTITY;
   10. "REQUEST TO INTERVENE" SHALL MEAN  NOTIFICATION  BY  AN  AUTOMATED
 DRIVING  SYSTEM TO A HUMAN DRIVER, THAT THE HUMAN DRIVER SHOULD PROMPTLY
 BEGIN OR RESUME PERFORMANCE OF PART OR ALL OF THE DYNAMIC DRIVING  TASK;
 AND
   11.  "SAE  J3016"  SHALL  MEAN  THE TAXONOMY AND DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS
 RELATED  TO  DRIVING  AUTOMATION  SYSTEMS  FOR  ON-ROAD  MOTOR  VEHICLES
 PUBLISHED BY SAE INTERNATIONAL IN APRIL 2021.
   § 1291. OPERATION OF FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES WITHOUT A HUMAN DRIVER.
 1.  A  PERSON MAY OPERATE A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ON THE PUBLIC ROADS
 OF THIS STATE WITHOUT A HUMAN DRIVER PROVIDED THAT THE AUTOMATED DRIVING
 SYSTEM IS ENGAGED AND THE VEHICLE MEETS THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:
   (A) IF A FAILURE OF THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM OCCURS  THAT  RENDERS
 THAT  SYSTEM  UNABLE TO PERFORM THE ENTIRE DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK RELEVANT
 TO ITS INTENDED OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN, THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLE
 SHALL ACHIEVE A MINIMAL RISK CONDITION;
   (B) THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE IS CAPABLE OF OPERATING IN COMPLIANCE
 WITH  THE  APPLICABLE  TRAFFIC  AND  MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY LAWS AND REGU-
 S. 1012                             3
 
 LATIONS OF THIS STATE WHEN REASONABLE TO DO SO, UNLESS AN EXEMPTION  HAS
 BEEN GRANTED BY THE DEPARTMENT; AND
   (C)  WHEN  REQUIRED  BY  FEDERAL  LAW,  THE VEHICLE BEARS THE REQUIRED
 MANUFACTURER'S CERTIFICATION LABEL INDICATING THAT AT THE  TIME  OF  ITS
 MANUFACTURE  IT HAS BEEN CERTIFIED TO BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH ALL APPLICA-
 BLE FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS, INCLUDING REFERENCE  TO  ANY
 EXEMPTION GRANTED BY THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION.
   2.  PRIOR  TO OPERATING A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ON THE PUBLIC ROADS
 OF THIS STATE WITHOUT A HUMAN  DRIVER,  A  PERSON  SHALL  SUBMIT  A  LAW
 ENFORCEMENT INTERACTION PLAN TO THE DEPARTMENT WHICH SHALL DESCRIBE:
   (A)  THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATING WITH A FLEET SUPPORT SPECIALIST WHO IS
 AVAILABLE DURING THE TIMES THE VEHICLE IS IN OPERATION;
   (B) THE MEANS OF SAFELY REMOVING THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE FROM THE
 ROADWAY AND STEPS TO SAFELY TOW THE VEHICLE;
   (C) THE MEANS TO RECOGNIZE WHETHER OR NOT THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE
 IS IN AUTONOMOUS MODE; AND
   (D) ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION THE MANUFACTURER OR OWNER DEEMS  NECES-
 SARY  REGARDING  THE HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS OR PUBLIC SAFETY RISKS ASSOCI-
 ATED WITH THE OPERATION OF THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE.
   § 1292. LICENSING. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE  NINETEEN
 OF  THIS  CHAPTER, WHEN AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM INSTALLED ON A MOTOR
 VEHICLE IS ENGAGED:
   1. THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED THE DRIVER OR  OPERATOR,
 FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSESSING COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE TRAFFIC OR MOTOR
 VEHICLE  LAWS AND SHALL BE DEEMED TO SATISFY ELECTRONICALLY ALL PHYSICAL
 ACTS REQUIRED BY A DRIVER OR OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE; AND
   2. THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED TO BE LICENSED TO  OPER-
 ATE THE VEHICLE.
   §  1293.  INSURANCE.  BEFORE  OPERATING  A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ON
 PUBLIC ROADS IN THIS STATE, A PERSON SHALL  SUBMIT  PROOF  OF  FINANCIAL
 RESPONSIBILITY  SATISFACTORY TO THE DEPARTMENT THAT THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS
 VEHICLE IS COVERED BY INSURANCE OR PROOF OF SELF-INSURANCE  THAT  SATIS-
 FIES THE REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLE SIX OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  1294. DUTIES FOLLOWING CRASHES INVOLVING FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES.
 IN THE EVENT OF A CRASH:
   1. THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SHALL REMAIN ON THE SCENE OF THE CRASH
 WHEN REQUIRED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-TWO OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   2. THE OWNER OF THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE, OR A PERSON ON BEHALF OF
 THE VEHICLE OWNER, SHALL  PROMPTLY  REPORT  ANY  CRASHES  OR  COLLISIONS
 CONSISTENT WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-TWO OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  1295. ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK. AN ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS
 VEHICLE NETWORK SHALL BE PERMITTED TO OPERATE  PURSUANT  TO  STATE  LAWS
 GOVERNING  THE  OPERATION OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORK COMPANIES, TAXIS, OR
 ANY OTHER GROUND TRANSPORTATION FOR-HIRE OF PASSENGERS, WITH THE  EXCEP-
 TION  THAT  ANY  PROVISION  OF ARTICLE FORTY-FOUR-B OF THIS CHAPTER THAT
 REASONABLY APPLIES ONLY TO A HUMAN DRIVER DOES NOT APPLY TO  THE  OPERA-
 TION  OF  FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLES  WITH THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM
 ENGAGED ON AN ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK.
   § 1296. REGISTRATION AND TITLE. 1. A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SHALL BE
 PROPERLY REGISTERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER  AND
 THE  VEHICLE  SHALL  BE IDENTIFIED ON THE REGISTRATION AS A FULLY AUTON-
 OMOUS VEHICLE.
   2. A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SHALL BE PROPERLY TITLED  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  ARTICLE FORTY-SIX OF THIS CHAPTER AND THE VEHICLE SHALL BE IDENTI-
 FIED ON THE TITLE AS A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE.
 S. 1012                             4
 
   § 1297. CONTROLLING AUTHORITY. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY LAW, RULE OR  REGU-
 LATION TO THE CONTRARY:
   1.  UNLESS  OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THIS CHAPTER AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANY
 OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND AUTOMATED  DRIVING
 SYSTEMS  ARE GOVERNED EXCLUSIVELY BY THIS ARTICLE. THE DEPARTMENT IS THE
 SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE STATE AGENCY THAT MAY  IMPLEMENT  THE  PROVISIONS  OF
 THIS ARTICLE;
   2.  FULLY  AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS OPERATING
 PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO SECTION TWELVE  HUNDRED
 TWENTY-SIX OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   3.  NO  STATE  AGENCY,  POLITICAL  SUBDIVISION, MUNICIPALITY, OR LOCAL
 ENTITY MAY PROHIBIT THE OPERATION OF FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLES,  AUTO-
 MATED  DRIVING  SYSTEMS,  OR  ON-DEMAND  AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORKS, OR
 OTHERWISE ENACT OR KEEP IN FORCE RULES OR ORDINANCES THAT  WOULD  IMPOSE
 TAXES,  FEES,  OR  OTHER  REQUIREMENTS  INCLUDING PERFORMANCE STANDARDS,
 SPECIFIC TO THE OPERATION OF FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES, AUTOMATED  DRIV-
 ING SYSTEMS, OR ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORKS IN ADDITION TO THE
 REQUIREMENTS OF THIS ARTICLE.
   §  1298. OPERATION OF A MOTOR VEHICLE WITH AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM
 BY A HUMAN DRIVER.  1. A PERSON MAY OPERATE  A  MOTOR  VEHICLE  EQUIPPED
 WITH AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM CAPABLE OF PERFORMING THE ENTIRE DYNAM-
 IC DRIVING TASK IF:
   (A)  SUCH  AUTOMATED  DRIVING SYSTEM WILL ISSUE A REQUEST TO INTERVENE
 WHENEVER THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS NOT CAPABLE OF  PERFORMING  THE
 ENTIRE  DYNAMIC  DRIVING  TASK WITH THE EXPECTATION THAT THE PERSON WILL
 RESPOND APPROPRIATELY TO SUCH A REQUEST; AND
   (B) THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM  IS  CAPABLE  OF  BEING  OPERATED  IN
 COMPLIANCE  WITH  TITLE  SEVEN  OF THIS CHAPTER WHEN REASONABLE TO DO SO
 UNLESS AN EXEMPTION HAS BEEN GRANTED BY THE DEPARTMENT.
   2. NOTHING IN THIS ARTICLE PROHIBITS OR RESTRICTS A HUMAN DRIVER  FROM
 OPERATING  A  FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH CONTROLS THAT ALLOW
 FOR THE HUMAN DRIVER TO CONTROL ALL OR PART OF THE DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK.
   § 2. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding  a  new  section
 383-a to read as follows:
   §  383-A.  EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR CERTAIN AUTOMATED MOTOR VEHICLES. 1.
 FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,  THE  TERMS  "FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLE,"
 "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM," AND "HUMAN DRIVER" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEAN-
 INGS AS DEFINED IN SECTION TWELVE HUNDRED NINETY OF THIS CHAPTER.
   2.  A  FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLE  WHICH  IS DESIGNATED TO BE OPERATED
 EXCLUSIVELY BY THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM FOR ALL TRIPS IS NOT SUBJECT
 TO MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT LAWS OR REGULATIONS OF THIS STATE  WHICH  (A)
 RELATE  TO OR SUPPORT MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATION BY A HUMAN DRIVER; AND (B)
 ARE NOT RELEVANT FOR AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM.
   § 3. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding  a  new  section
 301-c to read as follows:
   §  301-C.  INSPECTION  CRITERIA FOR FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES. SECTION
 THREE HUNDRED ONE OF THIS ARTICLE AND ANY REGULATIONS PROMULGATED BY THE
 COMMISSIONER THEREWITH SHALL ONLY APPLY TO A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE IN
 A MANNER CONSISTENT WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-THREE-A OF THIS TITLE.
   §  4.  This  act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall
 have become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or
 repeal of any rule or regulation necessary  for  the  implementation  of
 this  act  on its effective date are authorized to be made and completed
 on or before such effective date.

co-Sponsors

2023-S1012A - Details

Current Committee:: Senate Transportation
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Add Art 34-E §§1290 - 1298, §§383-a & 301-c, V & T L
Versions Introduced in 2021-2022 Legislative Session:: S8468

2023-S1012A - Summary

2023-S1012A - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S1012A

SPONSOR: COONEY
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to autonomous
vehicle driving

 
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:

Section 1 creates a new article 34-e to the vehicle and traffic law
which:

-Defines various terms;

-Authorizes the operation of a fully autonomous vehicle without a human
driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the
vehicle meets certain conditions;

-Clarifies that the automated driving system is the driver and operator
of the vehicle;

-Requires adequate proof of insurance;

-Defines the duties of the owner of the vehicle in the event of a crash;

-Authorizes the use of an on-demand autonomous vehicle network;

-Requires proper registration and title for fully autonomous vehicles;

-Clarifies that state law is the sole controlling authority over fully
autonomous vehicles, and that the department of motor vehicles is the
sole and exclusive state agency that may implement this article; and

-Delineates the operation of a motor vehicle with an automated driving
system by a human driver

Section 2 adds a new section 383-a to the vehicle and traffic law which
exempts fully autonomous vehicles from motor vehicle equipment laws or
regulations which only relate to operation by a human driver and are not
relevant for an automated driving system.

Section 3 adds a new section 301-c to the vehicle and traffic law which
brings inspection requirements for these vehicles in conformance with
the equipment standards in section 383-a.

Section 4 establishes the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Presently, New York State law does not provide a regulatory framework
for commercial deployment of autonomous vehicles in the state. Under the
law, there is only a limited autonomous vehicle testing program, which
is set to expire on April 1, 2023.

In 2021, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported
that 38,680 individuals died in vehicular crashes, which is the highest
total in more than 14 years. According to the Institute for Traffic
Safety Management and Research, there was an increase of deaths result-
ing from motor vehicle accidents in New York in 2020, up from 2019.
Nearly %40% of these fatalities resulting from motor vehicle accidents
in New York were caused by alcohol or drug-related impairments. Addi-
tionally, in 2021, there has been an 11% increase in non-fatal crashes
in New York over 2020. Autonomous Vehicle technology is one solution
that can help reduce the number of traffic fatalities and collisions due
to human factors such as distraction, exhaustion, and intoxication.

This legislation creates a regulatory framework for autonomous vehicles
to be commercially deployed in the State of New York by detailing
requirements for: the safe operation of a fully autonomous vehicle with
and without a human driver, licensing and insurance requirements for
autonomous vehicles, duties following a potential collision involving an
autonomous vehicle, and integration into an on-demand autonomous vehicle
network.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2021-22: S.8468

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

None to the state.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall have
become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or
repeal of any rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of
this act on its effective date are authorized to be made and completed
on or before such effective date.

2023-S1012A - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  1012--A
 
                        2023-2024 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              January 9, 2023
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sens. COONEY, SKOUFIS -- read twice and ordered printed,
   and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation --
   committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as  amended  and
   recommitted to said committee
 
 AN  ACT  to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to autonomous
   vehicle driving

   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.    The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new
 article 34-E to read as follows:
                               ARTICLE 34-E
                        AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE DRIVING
 SECTION 1290. DEFINITIONS.
         1291. OPERATION OF FULLY AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLES  WITHOUT  A  HUMAN
                 DRIVER.
         1292. LICENSING.
         1293. INSURANCE.
         1294. DUTIES  FOLLOWING CRASHES INVOLVING FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHI-
                 CLES.
         1295. ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK.
         1296. REGISTRATION AND TITLE.
         1297. CONTROLLING AUTHORITY.
         1298. OPERATION OF A MOTOR VEHICLE  WITH  AN  AUTOMATED  DRIVING
                 SYSTEM BY A HUMAN DRIVER.
   §  1290. DEFINITIONS. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS ARTICLE THE FOLLOWING TERMS
 SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN  THE  HARDWARE  AND  SOFTWARE
 THAT  ARE  COLLECTIVELY CAPABLE OF PERFORMING THE ENTIRE DYNAMIC DRIVING
 TASK ON A SUSTAINED BASIS, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER  IT  IS  LIMITED  TO  A
 SPECIFIC OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN;
   2. "DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK OR DDT" SHALL MEAN ALL OF THE REAL-TIME OPER-
 ATIONAL  AND TACTICAL FUNCTIONS REQUIRED TO OPERATE A VEHICLE IN ON-ROAD
 TRAFFIC, EXCLUDING THE STRATEGIC FUNCTIONS SUCH AS TRIP  SCHEDULING  AND
 SELECTION  OF  DESTINATIONS AND WAYPOINTS, AND INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITA-

  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD00620-02-3
 S. 1012--A                          2
 
 TION: LATERAL VEHICLE MOTION CONTROL VIA STEERING,  LONGITUDINAL  MOTION
 CONTROL  VIA ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION, MONITORING THE DRIVING ENVI-
 RONMENT VIA OBJECT AND EVENT DETECTION, RECOGNITION, CLASSIFICATION, AND
 RESPONSE  PREPARATION,  OBJECT  AND  EVENT  RESPONSE EXECUTION, MANEUVER
 PLANNING; AND ENHANCING CONSPICUITY VIA LIGHTING, SIGNALING, AND GESTUR-
 ING;
   3. "DDT FALLBACK" SHALL MEAN THE RESPONSE BY THE PERSON OR HUMAN DRIV-
 ER TO EITHER PERFORM THE DDT OR ACHIEVE A MINIMAL RISK  CONDITION  AFTER
 OCCURRENCE  OF  A DDT PERFORMANCE-RELEVANT SYSTEM FAILURE OR FAILURES OR
 UPON OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN EXIT, OR THE  RESPONSE  BY  AN  AUTOMATED
 DRIVING SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE MINIMAL RISK CONDITION, GIVEN THE SAME CIRCUM-
 STANCES;
   4. "FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE" SHALL MEAN A MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH
 AN  AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM DESIGNED TO FUNCTION WITHOUT A HUMAN DRIVER
 AS A LEVEL 4 OR 5 SYSTEM UNDER SAE J3016;
   5. "HUMAN DRIVER" SHALL MEAN A NATURAL PERSON IN THE  VEHICLE  WITH  A
 VALID LICENSE TO OPERATE A MOTOR VEHICLE WHO CONTROLS ALL OR PART OF THE
 DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK;
   6.  "MINIMAL RISK CONDITION" SHALL MEAN A CONDITION TO WHICH A PERSON,
 HUMAN DRIVER, OR AN ADS MAY BRING A VEHICLE  AFTER  PERFORMING  THE  DDT
 FALLBACK IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE RISK OF A CRASH WHEN A GIVEN TRIP CANNOT
 OR SHOULD NOT BE COMPLETED;
   7.  "ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK" SHALL MEAN A TRANSPORTATION
 SERVICE NETWORK THAT USES A SOFTWARE APPLICATION OR OTHER DIGITAL  MEANS
 TO  DISPATCH  OR  OTHERWISE ENABLE THE PRE-ARRANGEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
 WITH FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES FOR PURPOSES OF  TRANSPORTING  PASSENGERS
 OR  GOODS,  INCLUDING  FOR-HIRE  TRANSPORTATION  AND  TRANSPORTATION  OF
 PASSENGERS OR GOODS FOR COMPENSATION;
   8. "OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN OR ODD" SHALL MEAN OPERATING  CONDITIONS
 UNDER WHICH A GIVEN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO
 FUNCTION,  INCLUDING,  BUT  NOT LIMITED TO, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOGRAPHICAL,
 AND TIME-OF-DAY RESTRICTIONS, AND/OR THE REQUISITE PRESENCE  OR  ABSENCE
 OF CERTAIN TRAFFIC OR ROADWAY CHARACTERISTICS;
   9.  "PERSON" SHALL MEAN A NATURAL PERSON, CORPORATION, BUSINESS TRUST,
 ESTATE, TRUST,  PARTNERSHIP,  LIMITED  LIABILITY  COMPANY,  ASSOCIATION,
 JOINT  VENTURE,  GOVERNMENTAL  AGENCY,  PUBLIC CORPORATION, OR ANY OTHER
 LEGAL OR COMMERCIAL ENTITY;
   10. "REQUEST TO INTERVENE" SHALL MEAN  NOTIFICATION  BY  AN  AUTOMATED
 DRIVING  SYSTEM TO A HUMAN DRIVER, THAT THE HUMAN DRIVER SHOULD PROMPTLY
 BEGIN OR RESUME PERFORMANCE OF PART OR ALL OF THE DYNAMIC DRIVING  TASK;
 AND
   11.  "SAE  J3016"  SHALL  MEAN  THE TAXONOMY AND DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS
 RELATED  TO  DRIVING  AUTOMATION  SYSTEMS  FOR  ON-ROAD  MOTOR  VEHICLES
 PUBLISHED BY SAE INTERNATIONAL IN APRIL 2021.
   § 1291. OPERATION OF FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES WITHOUT A HUMAN DRIVER.
 1.  A  PERSON MAY OPERATE A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ON THE PUBLIC ROADS
 OF THIS STATE WITHOUT A HUMAN DRIVER PROVIDED THAT THE AUTOMATED DRIVING
 SYSTEM IS ENGAGED AND THE VEHICLE MEETS THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:
   (A) IF A FAILURE OF THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM OCCURS  THAT  RENDERS
 THAT  SYSTEM  UNABLE TO PERFORM THE ENTIRE DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK RELEVANT
 TO ITS INTENDED OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN, THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLE
 SHALL ACHIEVE A MINIMAL RISK CONDITION;
   (B) THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE IS CAPABLE OF OPERATING IN COMPLIANCE
 WITH  THE  APPLICABLE  TRAFFIC  AND  MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY LAWS AND REGU-
 LATIONS OF THIS STATE WHEN REASONABLE TO DO SO, UNLESS AN EXEMPTION  HAS
 BEEN GRANTED BY THE DEPARTMENT; AND
 S. 1012--A                          3
 
   (C)  WHEN  REQUIRED  BY  FEDERAL  LAW,  THE VEHICLE BEARS THE REQUIRED
 MANUFACTURER'S CERTIFICATION LABEL INDICATING THAT AT THE  TIME  OF  ITS
 MANUFACTURE  IT HAS BEEN CERTIFIED TO BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH ALL APPLICA-
 BLE FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS, INCLUDING REFERENCE  TO  ANY
 EXEMPTION GRANTED BY THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION.
   2.  PRIOR  TO OPERATING A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ON THE PUBLIC ROADS
 OF THIS STATE WITHOUT A HUMAN  DRIVER,  A  PERSON  SHALL  SUBMIT  A  LAW
 ENFORCEMENT INTERACTION PLAN TO THE DEPARTMENT WHICH SHALL DESCRIBE:
   (A)  THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATING WITH A FLEET SUPPORT SPECIALIST WHO IS
 AVAILABLE DURING THE TIMES THE VEHICLE IS IN OPERATION;
   (B) THE MEANS OF SAFELY REMOVING THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE FROM THE
 ROADWAY AND STEPS TO SAFELY TOW THE VEHICLE;
   (C) THE MEANS TO RECOGNIZE WHETHER OR NOT THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE
 IS IN AUTONOMOUS MODE; AND
   (D) ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION THE MANUFACTURER OR OWNER DEEMS  NECES-
 SARY  REGARDING  THE HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS OR PUBLIC SAFETY RISKS ASSOCI-
 ATED WITH THE OPERATION OF THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE.
   § 1292. LICENSING. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE  NINETEEN
 OF  THIS  CHAPTER, WHEN AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM INSTALLED ON A MOTOR
 VEHICLE IS ENGAGED:
   1. THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED THE DRIVER OR  OPERATOR,
 FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSESSING COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE TRAFFIC OR MOTOR
 VEHICLE  LAWS AND SHALL BE DEEMED TO SATISFY ELECTRONICALLY ALL PHYSICAL
 ACTS REQUIRED BY A DRIVER OR OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE; AND
   2. THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED TO BE LICENSED TO  OPER-
 ATE THE VEHICLE.
   §  1293.  INSURANCE.  BEFORE  OPERATING  A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ON
 PUBLIC ROADS IN THIS STATE, A PERSON SHALL  SUBMIT  PROOF  OF  FINANCIAL
 RESPONSIBILITY  SATISFACTORY TO THE DEPARTMENT THAT THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS
 VEHICLE IS COVERED BY INSURANCE OR PROOF OF SELF-INSURANCE  THAT  SATIS-
 FIES THE REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLE SIX OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  1294. DUTIES FOLLOWING CRASHES INVOLVING FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES.
 IN THE EVENT OF A CRASH:
   1. THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SHALL REMAIN ON THE SCENE OF THE CRASH
 WHEN REQUIRED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-TWO OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   2. THE OWNER OF THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE, OR A PERSON ON BEHALF OF
 THE VEHICLE OWNER, SHALL  PROMPTLY  REPORT  ANY  CRASHES  OR  COLLISIONS
 CONSISTENT WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-TWO OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  1295. ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK. AN ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS
 VEHICLE NETWORK SHALL BE PERMITTED TO OPERATE  PURSUANT  TO  STATE  LAWS
 GOVERNING  THE  OPERATION OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORK COMPANIES, TAXIS, OR
 ANY OTHER GROUND TRANSPORTATION FOR-HIRE OF PASSENGERS, WITH THE  EXCEP-
 TION  THAT  ANY  PROVISION  OF ARTICLE FORTY-FOUR-B OF THIS CHAPTER THAT
 REASONABLY APPLIES ONLY TO A HUMAN DRIVER DOES NOT APPLY TO  THE  OPERA-
 TION  OF  FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLES  WITH THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM
 ENGAGED ON AN ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK.
   § 1296. REGISTRATION AND TITLE. 1. A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SHALL BE
 PROPERLY REGISTERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER  AND
 THE  VEHICLE  SHALL  BE IDENTIFIED ON THE REGISTRATION AS A FULLY AUTON-
 OMOUS VEHICLE.
   2. A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SHALL BE PROPERLY TITLED  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  ARTICLE FORTY-SIX OF THIS CHAPTER AND THE VEHICLE SHALL BE IDENTI-
 FIED ON THE TITLE AS A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE.
   § 1297. CONTROLLING AUTHORITY. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY LAW, RULE OR  REGU-
 LATION TO THE CONTRARY:
 S. 1012--A                          4
 
   1.  UNLESS  OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THIS CHAPTER AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANY
 OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND AUTOMATED  DRIVING
 SYSTEMS  ARE GOVERNED EXCLUSIVELY BY THIS ARTICLE. THE DEPARTMENT IS THE
 SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE STATE AGENCY THAT MAY  IMPLEMENT  THE  PROVISIONS  OF
 THIS ARTICLE;
   2.  FULLY  AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS OPERATING
 PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO SECTION TWELVE  HUNDRED
 TWENTY-SIX OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   3.  NO  STATE  AGENCY,  POLITICAL  SUBDIVISION, MUNICIPALITY, OR LOCAL
 ENTITY MAY PROHIBIT THE OPERATION OF FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLES,  AUTO-
 MATED  DRIVING  SYSTEMS,  OR  ON-DEMAND  AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORKS, OR
 OTHERWISE ENACT OR KEEP IN FORCE RULES OR ORDINANCES THAT  WOULD  IMPOSE
 TAXES,  FEES,  OR  OTHER  REQUIREMENTS  INCLUDING PERFORMANCE STANDARDS,
 SPECIFIC TO THE OPERATION OF FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES, AUTOMATED  DRIV-
 ING SYSTEMS, OR ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORKS IN ADDITION TO THE
 REQUIREMENTS OF THIS ARTICLE.
   §  1298. OPERATION OF A MOTOR VEHICLE WITH AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM
 BY A HUMAN DRIVER.  1. A PERSON MAY OPERATE  A  MOTOR  VEHICLE  EQUIPPED
 WITH AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM CAPABLE OF PERFORMING THE ENTIRE DYNAM-
 IC DRIVING TASK IF:
   (A)  SUCH  AUTOMATED  DRIVING SYSTEM WILL ISSUE A REQUEST TO INTERVENE
 WHENEVER THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS NOT CAPABLE OF  PERFORMING  THE
 ENTIRE  DYNAMIC  DRIVING  TASK WITH THE EXPECTATION THAT THE PERSON WILL
 RESPOND APPROPRIATELY TO SUCH A REQUEST; AND
   (B) THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM  IS  CAPABLE  OF  BEING  OPERATED  IN
 COMPLIANCE  WITH  TITLE  SEVEN  OF THIS CHAPTER WHEN REASONABLE TO DO SO
 UNLESS AN EXEMPTION HAS BEEN GRANTED BY THE DEPARTMENT.
   2. NOTHING IN THIS ARTICLE PROHIBITS OR RESTRICTS A HUMAN DRIVER  FROM
 OPERATING  A  FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH CONTROLS THAT ALLOW
 FOR THE HUMAN DRIVER TO CONTROL ALL OR PART OF THE DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK.
   § 2. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding  a  new  section
 383-a to read as follows:
   §  383-A.  EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR CERTAIN AUTOMATED MOTOR VEHICLES. 1.
 FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,  THE  TERMS  "FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLE,"
 "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM," AND "HUMAN DRIVER" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEAN-
 INGS AS DEFINED IN SECTION TWELVE HUNDRED NINETY OF THIS CHAPTER.
   2.  A  FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE THAT IS DESIGNED TO BE OPERATED EXCLU-
 SIVELY BY THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM FOR ALL TRIPS IS NOT  SUBJECT  TO
 MOTOR  VEHICLE  EQUIPMENT  LAWS  OR  REGULATIONS OF THIS STATE WHICH (A)
 RELATE TO OR SUPPORT MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATION BY A HUMAN DRIVER; AND  (B)
 ARE NOT RELEVANT FOR AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM.
   §  3.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 301-c to read as follows:
   § 301-C. INSPECTION CRITERIA FOR FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLES.  SECTION
 THREE HUNDRED ONE OF THIS ARTICLE AND ANY REGULATIONS PROMULGATED BY THE
 COMMISSIONER THEREWITH SHALL ONLY APPLY TO A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE IN
 A  MANNER CONSISTENT WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-THREE-A OF THIS TITLE.
   § 4. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day  after  it  shall
 have become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or
 repeal  of  any  rule  or regulation necessary for the implementation of
 this act on its effective date are authorized to be made  and  completed
 on or before such effective date.

co-Sponsors

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Details

Current Committee:: Senate Transportation
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Add Art 34-E §§1290 - 1298, §§383-a & 301-c, V & T L
Versions Introduced in 2021-2022 Legislative Session:: S8468

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Summary

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S1012B

SPONSOR: COONEY
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to autonomous
vehicle driving

 
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:

Section 1 creates a new article 34-e to the vehicle and traffic law
which:

-defines various terms;

-authorizes the operation of a fully autonomous vehicle without a human
driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged, and the
vehicle meets certain conditions;

-clarifies that the automated driving system is the driver and operator
of the vehicle;

-requires adequate proof of insurance;

-defines the duties of the owner of the vehicle in the event of a crash;

-authorizes the use of an on-demand autonomous vehicle network;

-requires proper registration and title for fully autonomous vehicles;

-clarifies that state law is the sole controlling authority over fully
autonomous vehicles, and that the department of motor vehicles is the
sole and exclusive state agency that may implement this article; and

-delineates the operation of a motor vehicle with an automated driving
system by a human driver.

-allows any city with a population of five million or more to establish
local rules and regulations governing for-hire vehicle services using
fully autonomous vehicles.

Section 2 adds a new section 383-a to the vehicle and traffic law which
exempts fully autonomous vehicles from motor vehicle equipment laws or
regulations which only relate to operation by a human driver and are not
relevant for an automated driving system.

Section 3 adds a new section 301-c to the vehicle and traffic law which
brings inspection requirements for these vehicles in conformance with
the equipment standards in section 383-a.

Section 4 establishes the effective date.

 
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORIGNAL AND AMENDED VERSION:

The "b" print of the bill adds paragraph 4 to new section 1297 to allow
any city with a population of five million or more to establish local
rules and regulations governing for-hire vehicle services using fully
autonomous vehicles.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Presently, New York State law does not provide a regulatory framework
for commercial deployment of autonomous vehicles in the state. Under the
law, there is only a limited autonomous vehicle testing program, which
expired on April 1, 2023.

In 2021, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported
that 38,680 individuals died in vehicular crashes, which is the highest
total in more than 14 years. According to the Institute for Traffic
Safety Management and Research, there was an increase of deaths result-
ing from motor vehicle accidents in New York in 2020, up from 2019.
Nearly 40% of these fatalities resulting from motor vehicle accidents in
New York were caused by alcohol or drug-related impairments. Addi-
tionally, from 2020 to 2021, there was an 11% increase in non-fatal
crashes in New York. Autonomous Vehicle technology is one solution that
can help reduce the number of traffic fatalities and collisions due to
human factors such as distraction, exhaustion, and intoxication.

This legislation creates a regulatory framework for autonomous vehicles
to be commercially deployed in the State of New York by detailing
requirements for: the safe operation of a fully autonomous vehicle with
and without a human driver, licensing and insurance requirements for
autonomous vehicles, duties following a potential collision involving an
autonomous vehicle, and integration into an on-demand autonomous vehicle
network.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2021-2022: A9705 - Referred to transportation; S8468 - Referred to
transportation

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

None to the state.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall have
become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or
repeal of any rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of
this act on its effective date are authorized to be made and completed
on or before such effective date.

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  1012--B
 
                        2023-2024 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              January 9, 2023
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sens. COONEY, SKOUFIS -- read twice and ordered printed,
   and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation --
   committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as  amended  and
   recommitted  to  said  committee  --  recommitted  to the Committee on
   Transportation in accordance with Senate Rule 6, sec. 8  --  committee
   discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted
   to said committee
 
 AN  ACT  to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to autonomous
   vehicle driving
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.    The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new
 article 34-E to read as follows:
                               ARTICLE 34-E
                        AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE DRIVING
 SECTION 1290. DEFINITIONS.
         1291. OPERATION OF FULLY AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLES  WITHOUT  A  HUMAN
                 DRIVER.
         1292. LICENSING.
         1293. INSURANCE.
         1294. DUTIES  FOLLOWING CRASHES INVOLVING FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHI-
                 CLES.
         1295. ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK.
         1296. REGISTRATION AND TITLE.
         1297. CONTROLLING AUTHORITY.
         1298. OPERATION OF A MOTOR VEHICLE  WITH  AN  AUTOMATED  DRIVING
                 SYSTEM BY A HUMAN DRIVER.
   §  1290. DEFINITIONS. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS ARTICLE THE FOLLOWING TERMS
 SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN  THE  HARDWARE  AND  SOFTWARE
 THAT  ARE  COLLECTIVELY CAPABLE OF PERFORMING THE ENTIRE DYNAMIC DRIVING
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD00620-05-4

 S. 1012--B                          2
 
 TASK ON A SUSTAINED BASIS, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER  IT  IS  LIMITED  TO  A
 SPECIFIC OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN;
   2. "DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK OR DDT" SHALL MEAN ALL OF THE REAL-TIME OPER-
 ATIONAL  AND TACTICAL FUNCTIONS REQUIRED TO OPERATE A VEHICLE IN ON-ROAD
 TRAFFIC, EXCLUDING THE STRATEGIC FUNCTIONS SUCH AS TRIP  SCHEDULING  AND
 SELECTION  OF  DESTINATIONS AND WAYPOINTS, AND INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITA-
 TION: LATERAL VEHICLE MOTION CONTROL VIA STEERING,  LONGITUDINAL  MOTION
 CONTROL  VIA ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION, MONITORING THE DRIVING ENVI-
 RONMENT VIA OBJECT AND EVENT DETECTION, RECOGNITION, CLASSIFICATION, AND
 RESPONSE PREPARATION, OBJECT  AND  EVENT  RESPONSE  EXECUTION,  MANEUVER
 PLANNING; AND ENHANCING CONSPICUITY VIA LIGHTING, SIGNALING, AND GESTUR-
 ING;
   3. "DDT FALLBACK" SHALL MEAN THE RESPONSE BY THE PERSON OR HUMAN DRIV-
 ER  TO  EITHER PERFORM THE DDT OR ACHIEVE A MINIMAL RISK CONDITION AFTER
 OCCURRENCE OF A DDT PERFORMANCE-RELEVANT SYSTEM FAILURE OR  FAILURES  OR
 UPON  OPERATIONAL  DESIGN  DOMAIN  EXIT, OR THE RESPONSE BY AN AUTOMATED
 DRIVING SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE MINIMAL RISK CONDITION, GIVEN THE SAME CIRCUM-
 STANCES;
   4. "FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE" SHALL MEAN A MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH
 AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM DESIGNED TO FUNCTION WITHOUT A HUMAN  DRIVER
 AS A LEVEL 4 OR 5 SYSTEM UNDER SAE J3016;
   5.  "HUMAN  DRIVER"  SHALL MEAN A NATURAL PERSON IN THE VEHICLE WITH A
 VALID LICENSE TO OPERATE A MOTOR VEHICLE WHO CONTROLS ALL OR PART OF THE
 DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK;
   6. "MINIMAL RISK CONDITION" SHALL MEAN A CONDITION TO WHICH A  PERSON,
 HUMAN  DRIVER,  OR  AN  ADS MAY BRING A VEHICLE AFTER PERFORMING THE DDT
 FALLBACK IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE RISK OF A CRASH WHEN A GIVEN TRIP CANNOT
 OR SHOULD NOT BE COMPLETED;
   7. "ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK" SHALL MEAN A  TRANSPORTATION
 SERVICE  NETWORK THAT USES A SOFTWARE APPLICATION OR OTHER DIGITAL MEANS
 TO DISPATCH OR OTHERWISE ENABLE THE  PRE-ARRANGEMENT  OF  TRANSPORTATION
 WITH  FULLY  AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES FOR PURPOSES OF TRANSPORTING PASSENGERS
 OR  GOODS,  INCLUDING  FOR-HIRE  TRANSPORTATION  AND  TRANSPORTATION  OF
 PASSENGERS OR GOODS FOR COMPENSATION;
   8.  "OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN OR ODD" SHALL MEAN OPERATING CONDITIONS
 UNDER WHICH A GIVEN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO
 FUNCTION, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED  TO,  ENVIRONMENTAL,  GEOGRAPHICAL,
 AND  TIME-OF-DAY  RESTRICTIONS, AND/OR THE REQUISITE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE
 OF CERTAIN TRAFFIC OR ROADWAY CHARACTERISTICS;
   9. "PERSON" SHALL MEAN A NATURAL PERSON, CORPORATION, BUSINESS  TRUST,
 ESTATE,  TRUST,  PARTNERSHIP,  LIMITED  LIABILITY  COMPANY, ASSOCIATION,
 JOINT VENTURE, GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY, PUBLIC  CORPORATION,  OR  ANY  OTHER
 LEGAL OR COMMERCIAL ENTITY;
   10.  "REQUEST  TO  INTERVENE"  SHALL MEAN NOTIFICATION BY AN AUTOMATED
 DRIVING SYSTEM TO A HUMAN DRIVER, THAT THE HUMAN DRIVER SHOULD  PROMPTLY
 BEGIN  OR RESUME PERFORMANCE OF PART OR ALL OF THE DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK;
 AND
   11. "SAE J3016" SHALL MEAN THE  TAXONOMY  AND  DEFINITIONS  FOR  TERMS
 RELATED  TO  DRIVING  AUTOMATION  SYSTEMS  FOR  ON-ROAD  MOTOR  VEHICLES
 PUBLISHED BY SAE INTERNATIONAL IN APRIL 2021.
   § 1291. OPERATION OF FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES WITHOUT A HUMAN DRIVER.
 1. A PERSON MAY OPERATE A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ON THE  PUBLIC  ROADS
 OF THIS STATE WITHOUT A HUMAN DRIVER PROVIDED THAT THE AUTOMATED DRIVING
 SYSTEM IS ENGAGED AND THE VEHICLE MEETS THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:
   (A)  IF  A FAILURE OF THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM OCCURS THAT RENDERS
 THAT SYSTEM UNABLE TO PERFORM THE ENTIRE DYNAMIC DRIVING  TASK  RELEVANT
 S. 1012--B                          3
 
 TO  ITS INTENDED OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN, THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE
 SHALL ACHIEVE A MINIMAL RISK CONDITION;
   (B) THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE IS CAPABLE OF OPERATING IN COMPLIANCE
 WITH  THE  APPLICABLE  TRAFFIC  AND  MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY LAWS AND REGU-
 LATIONS OF THIS STATE WHEN REASONABLE TO DO SO, UNLESS AN EXEMPTION  HAS
 BEEN GRANTED BY THE DEPARTMENT; AND
   (C)  WHEN  REQUIRED  BY  FEDERAL  LAW,  THE VEHICLE BEARS THE REQUIRED
 MANUFACTURER'S CERTIFICATION LABEL INDICATING THAT AT THE  TIME  OF  ITS
 MANUFACTURE  IT HAS BEEN CERTIFIED TO BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH ALL APPLICA-
 BLE FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS, INCLUDING REFERENCE  TO  ANY
 EXEMPTION GRANTED BY THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION.
   2.  PRIOR  TO OPERATING A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ON THE PUBLIC ROADS
 OF THIS STATE WITHOUT A HUMAN  DRIVER,  A  PERSON  SHALL  SUBMIT  A  LAW
 ENFORCEMENT INTERACTION PLAN TO THE DEPARTMENT WHICH SHALL DESCRIBE:
   (A)  THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATING WITH A FLEET SUPPORT SPECIALIST WHO IS
 AVAILABLE DURING THE TIMES THE VEHICLE IS IN OPERATION;
   (B) THE MEANS OF SAFELY REMOVING THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE FROM THE
 ROADWAY AND STEPS TO SAFELY TOW THE VEHICLE;
   (C) THE MEANS TO RECOGNIZE WHETHER OR NOT THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE
 IS IN AUTONOMOUS MODE; AND
   (D) ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION THE MANUFACTURER OR OWNER DEEMS  NECES-
 SARY  REGARDING  THE HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS OR PUBLIC SAFETY RISKS ASSOCI-
 ATED WITH THE OPERATION OF THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE.
   § 1292. LICENSING. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE  NINETEEN
 OF  THIS  CHAPTER, WHEN AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM INSTALLED ON A MOTOR
 VEHICLE IS ENGAGED:
   1. THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED THE DRIVER OR  OPERATOR,
 FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSESSING COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE TRAFFIC OR MOTOR
 VEHICLE  LAWS AND SHALL BE DEEMED TO SATISFY ELECTRONICALLY ALL PHYSICAL
 ACTS REQUIRED BY A DRIVER OR OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE; AND
   2. THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED TO BE LICENSED TO  OPER-
 ATE THE VEHICLE.
   §  1293.  INSURANCE.  BEFORE  OPERATING  A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ON
 PUBLIC ROADS IN THIS STATE, A PERSON SHALL  SUBMIT  PROOF  OF  FINANCIAL
 RESPONSIBILITY  SATISFACTORY TO THE DEPARTMENT THAT THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS
 VEHICLE IS COVERED BY INSURANCE OR PROOF OF SELF-INSURANCE  THAT  SATIS-
 FIES THE REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLE SIX OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  1294. DUTIES FOLLOWING CRASHES INVOLVING FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES.
 IN THE EVENT OF A CRASH:
   1. THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SHALL REMAIN ON THE SCENE OF THE CRASH
 WHEN REQUIRED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-TWO OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   2. THE OWNER OF THE FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE, OR A PERSON ON BEHALF OF
 THE VEHICLE OWNER, SHALL  PROMPTLY  REPORT  ANY  CRASHES  OR  COLLISIONS
 CONSISTENT WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-TWO OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  1295. ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK. AN ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS
 VEHICLE NETWORK SHALL BE PERMITTED TO OPERATE  PURSUANT  TO  STATE  LAWS
 GOVERNING  THE  OPERATION OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORK COMPANIES, TAXIS, OR
 ANY OTHER GROUND TRANSPORTATION FOR-HIRE OF PASSENGERS, WITH THE  EXCEP-
 TION  THAT  ANY  PROVISION  OF ARTICLE FORTY-FOUR-B OF THIS CHAPTER THAT
 REASONABLY APPLIES ONLY TO A HUMAN DRIVER DOES NOT APPLY TO  THE  OPERA-
 TION  OF  FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLES  WITH THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM
 ENGAGED ON AN ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORK.
   § 1296. REGISTRATION AND TITLE. 1. A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SHALL BE
 PROPERLY REGISTERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH TITLE FOUR OF  THIS  CHAPTER  AND
 THE  VEHICLE  SHALL  BE IDENTIFIED ON THE REGISTRATION AS A FULLY AUTON-
 OMOUS VEHICLE.
 S. 1012--B                          4
 
   2. A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SHALL BE PROPERLY TITLED  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  ARTICLE FORTY-SIX OF THIS CHAPTER AND THE VEHICLE SHALL BE IDENTI-
 FIED ON THE TITLE AS A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE.
   §  1297. CONTROLLING AUTHORITY. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY LAW, RULE OR REGU-
 LATION TO THE CONTRARY:
   1. UNLESS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THIS CHAPTER AND  NOTWITHSTANDING  ANY
 OTHER  PROVISION OF LAW, FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND AUTOMATED DRIVING
 SYSTEMS ARE GOVERNED EXCLUSIVELY BY THIS ARTICLE. THE DEPARTMENT IS  THE
 SOLE  AND  EXCLUSIVE  STATE  AGENCY THAT MAY IMPLEMENT THE PROVISIONS OF
 THIS ARTICLE;
   2. FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND AUTOMATED DRIVING  SYSTEMS  OPERATING
 PURSUANT  TO THIS ARTICLE SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO SECTION TWELVE HUNDRED
 TWENTY-SIX OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   3. NO STATE AGENCY,  POLITICAL  SUBDIVISION,  MUNICIPALITY,  OR  LOCAL
 ENTITY  MAY  PROHIBIT  THE OPERATION OF FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES, AUTO-
 MATED DRIVING SYSTEMS, OR  ON-DEMAND  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLE  NETWORKS,  OR
 OTHERWISE  ENACT  OR KEEP IN FORCE RULES OR ORDINANCES THAT WOULD IMPOSE
 TAXES, FEES, OR  OTHER  REQUIREMENTS  INCLUDING  PERFORMANCE  STANDARDS,
 SPECIFIC  TO THE OPERATION OF FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES, AUTOMATED DRIV-
 ING SYSTEMS, OR ON-DEMAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NETWORKS IN ADDITION TO THE
 REQUIREMENTS OF THIS ARTICLE.
   4. NOTWITHSTANDING SUBDIVISION ONE, TWO, OR THREE OF THIS SECTION, ANY
 CITY WITH A POPULATION OF FIVE MILLION OR MORE MAY ESTABLISH LOCAL RULES
 AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING FOR-HIRE VEHICLE SERVICES FOR TRIPS  ORIGINAT-
 ING IN SUCH CITY, WHEN SUCH SERVICES ARE PROVIDED USING FULLY AUTONOMOUS
 VEHICLES,   INCLUDING,   AS  APPLICABLE,  ON-DEMAND  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLE
 NETWORKS,  TAX,  LIMOUSINE,  PARATRANSIT  VEHICLE,  AND   COMMUTER   VAN
 SERVICES.
   §  1298. OPERATION OF A MOTOR VEHICLE WITH AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM
 BY A HUMAN DRIVER.  1. A PERSON MAY OPERATE  A  MOTOR  VEHICLE  EQUIPPED
 WITH AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM CAPABLE OF PERFORMING THE ENTIRE DYNAM-
 IC DRIVING TASK IF:
   (A)  SUCH  AUTOMATED  DRIVING SYSTEM WILL ISSUE A REQUEST TO INTERVENE
 WHENEVER THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM IS NOT CAPABLE OF  PERFORMING  THE
 ENTIRE  DYNAMIC  DRIVING  TASK WITH THE EXPECTATION THAT THE PERSON WILL
 RESPOND APPROPRIATELY TO SUCH A REQUEST; AND
   (B) THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM  IS  CAPABLE  OF  BEING  OPERATED  IN
 COMPLIANCE  WITH  TITLE  SEVEN  OF THIS CHAPTER WHEN REASONABLE TO DO SO
 UNLESS AN EXEMPTION HAS BEEN GRANTED BY THE DEPARTMENT.
   2. NOTHING IN THIS ARTICLE PROHIBITS OR RESTRICTS A HUMAN DRIVER  FROM
 OPERATING  A  FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH CONTROLS THAT ALLOW
 FOR THE HUMAN DRIVER TO CONTROL ALL OR PART OF THE DYNAMIC DRIVING TASK.
   § 2. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding  a  new  section
 383-a to read as follows:
   §  383-A.  EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR CERTAIN AUTOMATED MOTOR VEHICLES. 1.
 FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,  THE  TERMS  "FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLE,"
 "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM," AND "HUMAN DRIVER" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEAN-
 INGS AS DEFINED IN SECTION TWELVE HUNDRED NINETY OF THIS CHAPTER.
   2.  A  FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE THAT IS DESIGNED TO BE OPERATED EXCLU-
 SIVELY BY THE AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM FOR ALL TRIPS IS NOT  SUBJECT  TO
 MOTOR  VEHICLE  EQUIPMENT  LAWS  OR  REGULATIONS OF THIS STATE WHICH (A)
 RELATE TO OR SUPPORT MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATION BY A HUMAN DRIVER; AND  (B)
 ARE NOT RELEVANT FOR AN AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM.
   §  3.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 301-c to read as follows:
 S. 1012--B                          5
 
   § 301-C. INSPECTION CRITERIA FOR FULLY  AUTONOMOUS  VEHICLES.  SECTION
 THREE HUNDRED ONE OF THIS ARTICLE AND ANY REGULATIONS PROMULGATED BY THE
 COMMISSIONER THEREWITH SHALL ONLY APPLY TO A FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE IN
 A  MANNER CONSISTENT WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-THREE-A OF THIS TITLE.
   §  4.  This  act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall
 have become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or
 repeal of any rule or regulation necessary  for  the  implementation  of
 this  act  on its effective date are authorized to be made and completed
 on or before such effective date.

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Senate Bill S1012A

Sponsored By

Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Transportation Committee

Bill Amendments

co-Sponsors

2023-S1012 - Details

2023-S1012 - Summary

2023-S1012 - Sponsor Memo

2023-S1012 - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

2023-S1012A - Details

2023-S1012A - Summary

2023-S1012A - Sponsor Memo

2023-S1012A - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Details

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Summary

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

Comments

Senate Bill S1012A

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Sponsored By

Jeremy A. Cooney

Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Transportation Committee

Bill Amendments

co-Sponsors

James Skoufis

2023-S1012 - Details

2023-S1012 - Summary

2023-S1012 - Sponsor Memo

2023-S1012 - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

James Skoufis

2023-S1012A - Details

2023-S1012A - Summary

2023-S1012A - Sponsor Memo

2023-S1012A - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

James Skoufis

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Details

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Summary

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

2023-S1012B (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

Comments