S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   2474
 
                        2023-2024 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                             January 20, 2023
                                ___________
 
 Introduced by Sens. PARKER, BRESLIN, COMRIE, HOYLMAN-SIGAL -- read twice
   and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee
   on Energy and Telecommunications
 
 AN ACT to amend the energy law, in relation to directing the state ener-
   gy  planning  board  to  conduct a study of the technical and economic
   feasibility of a one hundred percent renewable  energy  system  and  a
   reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. The energy law is amended by adding a new section 6-110  to
 read as follows:
   §  6-110. SUPPLEMENTAL STUDY ON THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
 OF A ONE HUNDRED PERCENT RENEWABLE ENERGY  SYSTEM  AND  A  REDUCTION  IN
 GREENHOUSE  GAS EMISSIONS. 1. ON OR BEFORE SEPTEMBER FIRST, TWO THOUSAND
 TWENTY-FOUR, AND EVERY FOUR YEARS THEREAFTER, THE  BOARD  SHALL  PUBLISH
 AND UPDATE A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY TO DETERMINE THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC
 FEASIBILITY OF MEETING THE FOLLOWING GOALS:
   (A)  ONE  HUNDRED  PERCENT  OF  THE  ELECTRICITY CONSUMED IN THE STATE
 GENERATED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES BY THE YEAR TWO  THOUSAND  THIR-
 TY-FOUR, AND, ALTERNATIVELY, THE YEAR TWO THOUSAND FIFTY-FOUR.
   (B)  REDUCING  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM ALL ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES
 ONE HUNDRED PERCENT BELOW THE LEVELS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN  THE
 YEAR  NINETEEN  HUNDRED NINETY BY THE YEAR TWO THOUSAND FIFTY-FOUR, WITH
 AN INCREMENTAL TARGET OF AT LEAST A FIFTY PERCENT  REDUCTION  IN  GREEN-
 HOUSE  GAS EMISSIONS BELOW THE LEVELS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE
 YEAR NINETEEN HUNDRED NINETY BY THE YEAR TWO THOUSAND THIRTY-FOUR.
   2. SUCH STUDY SHALL INCLUDE, AT A MINIMUM, AN ASSESSMENT  OF  EACH  OF
 THE FOLLOWING:
   (A)  THE  TIMING,  COSTS, ECONOMIC IMPACTS, AND FEASIBILITY ASSOCIATED
 WITH PATHWAYS TO MEET THESE GOALS. IN TERMS OF THE EVALUATION OF  COSTS,
 THE STUDY SHALL:
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD06331-01-3
              

 S. 2474                             2
 
   (I) EVALUATE, USING THE BEST AVAILABLE ECONOMIC MODELS, EMISSION ESTI-
 MATION  TECHNIQUES  AND  OTHER  SCIENTIFIC  METHODS, THE TOTAL POTENTIAL
 COSTS AND POTENTIAL ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF MEETING  THESE
 GOALS;
   (II)  EVALUATE THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MEETING THE GOALS ON THE STATE'S
 BUSINESSES, JOBS, RATEPAYERS AND RESIDENTS ASSUMING:
   (A) THE RENEWABLE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GOALS OF  OTHER  STATES
 AND  REGIONS  IN THE UNITED STATES ARE AT LEAST FIFTY PERCENT LOWER THAN
 NEW YORK STATE'S GOALS;
   (B) THE RENEWABLE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GOALS OF  OTHER  STATES
 AND REGIONS IN THE UNITED STATES ARE AS THOSE IN PLACE AS OF THE DATE OF
 THE STUDY;
   (C) THE EXISTENCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN PLACE AS OF THE DATE OF THE STUDY.
   (B) THE TECHNICAL AND COST IMPACT ON MAINTAINING ELECTRIC SYSTEM RELI-
 ABILITY,  INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE NEED FOR AND TYPE OF BACK-UP
 POWER SUPPLIES AND OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS TO MAINTAIN ELECTRIC SYSTEM
 RELIABILITY.
   (C) THE SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM ACTIONS TO FEASIBLY  MEET  THE  GOALS
 ACROSS  ALL  ECONOMIC SECTORS, INCLUDING INDUSTRY, TRANSPORTATION, AGRI-
 CULTURE, BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND ENERGY PRODUCTION, INCLUDING:
   (I) AN ANALYSIS  OF  THE  ANTICIPATED  EMISSION  REDUCTIONS,  AND  THE
 ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS THEREOF, AS A RESULT OF EACH ACTION.
   (II) IDENTIFICATION OF THE ANTICIPATED LIFE-CYCLE IMPLICATIONS, CONSE-
 QUENCES,  BENEFITS  AND  COSTS  OF  IMPLEMENTING  EACH ACTION, INCLUDING
 IMPLICATIONS, CONSEQUENCES, BENEFITS AND COSTS TO NEW YORK STATE,  LOCAL
 GOVERNMENTS, BUSINESSES, RATEPAYERS AND RESIDENTS FROM IMPLEMENTATION OF
 EACH ACTION.
   (D) ESTIMATED TIMELINES FOR CONSIDERING AND IMPLEMENTING SUCH ACTIONS.
   (E)  EXPLORATION OF VARIOUS RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
 DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS.
   (F) A REQUIREMENT FOR ANY NEW VEHICLES SOLD IN THE STATE TO BE POWERED
 BY ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES OR  OTHERWISE  TO
 BE FREE OF EMISSIONS.
   (G)  PROPOSALS  FOR  NEW STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED IN THE STATE TO BE NET
 ZERO EMISSION STRUCTURES.
   (H) TRANSITION TO RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING PROVIDED BY HEAT PUMPS
 POWERED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES OR OTHER MEANS  RESULTING  IN  NET
 ZERO EMISSIONS.
   (I)  THE  ECONOMIC  AND  SOCIAL  BENEFITS  OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
 REDUCTIONS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FEDERAL SOCIAL COST OF  CARBON,  ANY
 OTHER TOOLS THAT THE BOARD DEEMS USEFUL AND PERTINENT FOR THIS ANALYSIS,
 AND  ANY  ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND PUBLIC HEALTH CO-BENEFITS (SUCH AS
 THE REDUCTION OF CO-POLLUTANTS AND THE DIVERSIFICATION OF ENERGY  SOURC-
 ES).
   3.  SUCH  STUDY  SHALL  BUILD  UPON  RELEVANT EXPERTISE ALREADY AT THE
 BOARD'S DISPOSAL.
   4. THE BOARD  MAY  CONTRACT  WITH  AN  INDEPENDENT  AND  COMPETITIVELY
 SELECTED CONTRACTOR TO UNDERTAKE SUCH STUDY.
   5.  THE  BOARD,  AND  ANY CONTRACTORS IT MAY RETAIN FOR SUCH PURPOSES,
 SHALL CONSULT WITH ENTITIES THAT HAVE RESOURCES AND EXPERTISE TO  ASSIST
 IN  SUCH  STUDY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ACADEMIC PARTNERS, ELEC-
 TRIC CORPORATIONS, ELECTRICITY  GENERATING  COMPANIES,  TRADE  ORGANIZA-
 TIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE GROUPS, AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS.
   6.  THE  BOARD  SHALL  PREPARE A REPORT ON SUCH STUDY'S FINDINGS.  THE
 BOARD SHALL TRANSMIT SUCH REPORT ALONG WITH THE STUDY TO  THE  GOVERNOR,
 THE  SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE, THE
 S. 2474                             3
 
 CHAIR OF THE ASSEMBLY ENERGY COMMITTEE, AND  THE  CHAIR  OF  THE  SENATE
 ENERGY  AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE NO LATER THAN THIRTY DAYS AFTER
 THE STUDY'S COMPLETION.
   7.  THE  LONG  ISLAND  POWER  AUTHORITY AND THE POWER AUTHORITY OF THE
 STATE OF NEW YORK ARE AUTHORIZED, AS DEEMED FEASIBLE  AND  ADVISABLE  BY
 THEIR  RESPECTIVE  BOARDS,  TO  MAKE A VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTION TOWARD THE
 STUDY.
   § 2. This act shall take effect immediately.

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  2474--A
     Cal. No. 233
 
                        2023-2024 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                             January 20, 2023
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sens. PARKER, BRESLIN, COMRIE, HOYLMAN-SIGAL, MANNION --
   read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to  be  committed  to
   the  Committee  on Energy and Telecommunications -- reported favorably
   from said committee, ordered to first and second report, ordered to  a
   third  reading,  amended and ordered reprinted, retaining its place in
   the order of third reading
 
 AN ACT to amend the public authorities law, in relation to directing the
   New York state energy research and development authority to conduct  a
   study  of  the technical and economic feasibility and ratepayer impact
   of a zero-emission electrical system and a reduction in greenhouse gas
   emissions
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  The  public  authorities  law  is amended by adding a new
 section 1885 to read as follows:
   § 1885. SUPPLEMENTAL STUDY ON THE TECHNICAL AND  ECONOMIC  FEASIBILITY
 OF  A  ONE  HUNDRED  PERCENT  RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM AND A REDUCTION IN
 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. 1. ON OR BEFORE JANUARY  FIRST,  TWO  THOUSAND
 TWENTY-FOUR,  AND EVERY FOUR YEARS THEREAFTER, THE AUTHORITY, IN CONSUL-
 TATION AND COORDINATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC  SERVICE  AND  THE
 DEPARTMENT  OF  ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, AND THE FEDERALLY DESIGNATED
 ELECTRIC BULK SYSTEM OPERATOR, SHALL PUBLISH AND UPDATE A  COMPREHENSIVE
 STUDY  TO DETERMINE THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY AND RATEPAYER
 IMPACT OF MEETING THE FOLLOWING GOALS:
   (A) HAVING THE STATEWIDE ELECTRICAL DEMAND SYSTEM BE ZERO-EMISSIONS BY
 THE YEAR TWO THOUSAND FORTY  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  SIXTY-SIX-P  OF  THE
 PUBLIC  SERVICE  LAW AND ONE HUNDRED PERCENT OF THE ELECTRICITY CONSUMED
 IN THE STATE GENERATED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES  BY  THE  YEAR  TWO
 THOUSAND  THIRTY-FOUR,  AND, ALTERNATIVELY, THE YEAR TWO THOUSAND FIFTY-
 FOUR.
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD06331-03-3
              

 S. 2474--A                          2
 
   (B) REDUCING STATEWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS  BY  A  PERCENTAGE  OF
 NINETEEN  HUNDRED NINETY EMISSIONS FROM GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION SOURCES,
 PURSUANT TO CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED SIX OF THE LAWS OF  TWO  THOUSAND  NINE-
 TEEN, AS FOLLOWS:
   (I)  BY  TWO THOUSAND THIRTY: SIXTY PERCENT OF NINETEEN HUNDRED NINETY
 EMISSIONS; AND
   (II) BY TWO THOUSAND FIFTY: FIFTEEN PERCENT OF NINETEEN HUNDRED NINETY
 EMISSIONS.
   2. SUCH STUDY SHALL INCLUDE, AT A MINIMUM, AN ASSESSMENT  OF  EACH  OF
 THE FOLLOWING:
   (A)  THE TIMING, COSTS, ECONOMIC IMPACTS, RATEPAYER IMPACTS AND FEASI-
 BILITY ASSOCIATED WITH PATHWAYS TO MEET  THESE  GOALS  PURSUANT  TO  THE
 FINAL  SCOPING PLAN ADOPTED BY THE NEW YORK STATE CLIMATE ACTION COUNCIL
 PURSUANT TO CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED SIX OF THE LAWS OF  TWO  THOUSAND  NINE-
 TEEN.  IN TERMS OF THE EVALUATION OF COSTS, THE STUDY SHALL:
   (I) EVALUATE, USING THE BEST AVAILABLE ECONOMIC MODELS, EMISSION ESTI-
 MATION  TECHNIQUES  AND  OTHER  SCIENTIFIC  METHODS, THE TOTAL POTENTIAL
 COSTS AND POTENTIAL ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF MEETING  THESE
 GOALS;
   (II)  EVALUATE THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MEETING THE GOALS ON THE STATE'S
 BUSINESSES, JOBS, RATEPAYERS AND RESIDENTS ASSUMING:
   (A) THE RENEWABLE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GOALS OF  OTHER  STATES
 AND  REGIONS  IN THE UNITED STATES ARE AT LEAST FIFTY PERCENT LOWER THAN
 NEW YORK STATE'S GOALS;
   (B) THE RENEWABLE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GOALS OF  OTHER  STATES
 AND REGIONS IN THE UNITED STATES ARE AS THOSE IN PLACE AS OF THE DATE OF
 THE STUDY;
   (C) THE EXISTENCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN PLACE AS OF THE DATE OF THE STUDY.
   (B) THE TECHNICAL AND COST IMPACT ON MAINTAINING ELECTRIC SYSTEM RELI-
 ABILITY,  INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE NEED FOR AND TYPE OF BACK-UP
 POWER SUPPLIES AND  OF  ENERGY  STORAGE  SYSTEMS  AND  OF  ZERO-EMISSION
 DISPATCHABLE RESOURCES TO MAINTAIN ELECTRIC SYSTEM RELIABILITY.
   (C)  THE  SHORT-TERM  AND LONG-TERM ACTIONS TO FEASIBLY MEET THE GOALS
 ACROSS ALL ECONOMIC SECTORS, INCLUDING INDUSTRY,  TRANSPORTATION,  AGRI-
 CULTURE, BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND ENERGY PRODUCTION, INCLUDING:
   (I)  AN  ANALYSIS  OF  THE  ANTICIPATED  EMISSION  REDUCTIONS, AND THE
 ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS AND RATEPAYER IMPACT THEREOF, AS A RESULT OF  EACH
 ACTION.
   (II) IDENTIFICATION OF THE ANTICIPATED LIFE-CYCLE IMPLICATIONS, CONSE-
 QUENCES,  BENEFITS  AND  COSTS  OF  IMPLEMENTING  EACH ACTION, INCLUDING
 IMPLICATIONS, CONSEQUENCES, BENEFITS AND COSTS TO NEW YORK STATE,  LOCAL
 GOVERNMENTS, BUSINESSES, RATEPAYERS AND RESIDENTS FROM IMPLEMENTATION OF
 EACH ACTION.
   (III)  DETAILED  ANALYSIS TO ESTIMATE THE ANNUAL AND TOTAL COST IMPACT
 ON ELECTRIC AND NATURAL GAS BILLS FOR ALL CUSTOMER  SECTORS  ACROSS  THE
 STATE, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, RESIDENTIAL, SMALL AND LARGE BUSI-
 NESS  CUSTOMERS, ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ADOPTED SCOP-
 ING PLAN, ALONG WITH A RANGE OF COSTS, BASED UPON THE SELECTION OF VARI-
 OUS  POTENTIAL  DECARBONIZATION  PATHWAYS,  TO  MINIMIZE  COSTS  AND  TO
 MAXIMIZE THE TOTAL BENEFITS TO NEW YORK STATE.
   (IV)  SPECIFIC COST STUDY SCENARIOS THAT SHOW RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL,
 INDUSTRIAL,  AND  INSTITUTIONAL  ENERGY  CONSUMERS',  ALONG  WITH  LOCAL
 GOVERNMENTS,  INCREASED COSTS, NOT ONLY ON THE ELECTRIC SYSTEM, BUT ALSO
 ON THE GAS SYSTEM.
   (A)  THE  ANALYSIS  SHALL  SPECIFY  CONSUMERS'  COSTS OF INSTALLING OR
 ACCESSING RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY STORAGE, REPLACING  THEIR  HEATING
 S. 2474--A                          3
 
 SYSTEMS, UPGRADING THEIR ELECTRIC SERVICE, PURCHASING ELECTRIC CARS, AND
 CHARGING THEM.
   (B)  THE  ANALYSIS SHALL DETAIL HOW CONSUMERS WILL PAY FOR THESE MEAS-
 URES, ASSESS WHETHER THE ADOPTED SCOPING PLAN INCLUDES SUFFICIENT  MEAS-
 URES  TO AVOID OR REDUCE UPFRONT COSTS ON CONSUMERS, AND RECOMMEND ADDI-
 TIONAL AFFORDABILITY MEASURES.
   (D) ESTIMATED TIMELINES FOR CONSIDERING AND IMPLEMENTING SUCH ACTIONS.
   (E) EXPLORATION OF VARIOUS RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGY, ENERGY STORAGE, ZERO-
 EMISSION DISPATCHABLE RESOURCES AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY DEPLOYMENT SCENAR-
 IOS.
   (F) A REQUIREMENT FOR ANY NEW VEHICLES SOLD IN THE STATE TO BE POWERED
 BY ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES OR  OTHERWISE  TO
 BE FREE OF EMISSIONS.
   (G)  PROPOSALS  FOR  NEW STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED IN THE STATE TO BE NET
 ZERO-EMISSION STRUCTURES.
   (H) TRANSITION TO RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING PROVIDED BY HEAT PUMPS
 POWERED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES OR OTHER MEANS  RESULTING  IN  NET
 ZERO EMISSIONS.
   (I)  THE  ECONOMIC  AND  SOCIAL  BENEFITS  OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
 REDUCTIONS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FEDERAL SOCIAL COST OF  CARBON,  ANY
 OTHER TOOLS THAT THE AUTHORITY DEEMS USEFUL AND PERTINENT FOR THIS ANAL-
 YSIS,  AND  ANY  ENVIRONMENTAL,  ECONOMIC  AND PUBLIC HEALTH CO-BENEFITS
 (SUCH AS THE REDUCTION OF CO-POLLUTANTS AND THE DIVERSIFICATION OF ENER-
 GY SOURCES), AND AVOIDING, LOWERING, MINIMIZING, OFFSETTING, OR MITIGAT-
 ING, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PRACTICABLE USING  VERIFIABLE  MEASURES,  ANY
 SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF THE  EXISTING  DISPROPORTIONATE POLLUTION BURDEN
 ON  A  DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITY, PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION THREE OF SECTION
 SEVEN OF CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED SIX OF THE LAWS OF TWO  THOUSAND  NINETEEN,
 PROVIDED  THAT  THE  TERM  "POLLUTION"  SHALL  HAVE  THE SAME MEANING AS
 DEFINED IN SUBDIVISION NINETEEN OF SECTION 1-0303 OF  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL
 CONSERVATION LAW.
   3.  SUCH  STUDY  SHALL  BUILD  UPON  RELEVANT EXPERTISE ALREADY AT THE
 AUTHORITY'S DISPOSAL.
   4. THE AUTHORITY MAY CONTRACT WITH AN  INDEPENDENT  AND  COMPETITIVELY
 SELECTED CONTRACTOR TO UNDERTAKE SUCH STUDY.
   5. THE AUTHORITY, AND ANY CONTRACTORS IT MAY RETAIN FOR SUCH PURPOSES,
 SHALL  CONSULT WITH ENTITIES THAT HAVE RESOURCES AND EXPERTISE TO ASSIST
 IN SUCH STUDY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ACADEMIC  PARTNERS,  ELEC-
 TRIC  CORPORATIONS,  GAS CORPORATIONS, ELECTRICITY GENERATING COMPANIES,
 TRADE ORGANIZATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL  JUSTICE  GROUPS,  LABOR  UNIONS  AND
 OTHER STAKEHOLDERS.
   6. THE AUTHORITY SHALL PREPARE A REPORT ON SUCH STUDY'S FINDINGS.  THE
 AUTHORITY  SHALL TRANSMIT SUCH REPORT ALONG WITH THE STUDY TO THE GOVER-
 NOR, THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE,
 THE CHAIR OF THE ASSEMBLY ENERGY COMMITTEE, AND THE CHAIR OF THE  SENATE
 ENERGY  AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE NO LATER THAN THIRTY DAYS AFTER
 THE STUDY'S COMPLETION.
   7. THE LONG ISLAND POWER AUTHORITY AND  THE  POWER  AUTHORITY  OF  THE
 STATE  OF  NEW  YORK ARE AUTHORIZED, AS DEEMED FEASIBLE AND ADVISABLE BY
 THEIR RESPECTIVE BOARDS, TO MAKE A  VOLUNTARY  CONTRIBUTION  TOWARD  THE
 STUDY.
   § 2. This act shall take effect immediately.