The legislature therefore declares that government is the public's
business and that the public, individually and collectively and repres-
ented by a free press, should have access to the records of government
in accordance with the provisions of this article.
§ 2. Subdivisions 3 and 4 of section 86 of the public officers law, as
added by chapter 933 of the laws of 1977, are amended and two new subdi-
visions 12 and 13 are added to read as follows:
3. "Agency" EXCLUDES THE JUDICIARY AND STATE LEGISLATURE, AND means
any state or municipal department, SCHOOL DISTRICT, board, bureau, divi-
sion, commission, committee, public authority, public corporation, coun-
cil, office or other governmental entity performing a governmental or
proprietary function for the state or any one or more municipalities
thereof, [except the judiciary or the state legislature] OR ANY OTHER
BODY, BY WHATEVER NAME, ACTING ON BEHALF OF GOVERNMENT WHICH, CONSIDERED
IN ITS TOTALITY, IS FUNCTIONALLY EQUIVALENT TO AN AGENCY AS DEFINED IN
THIS SUBDIVISION BECAUSE IT SUBSTANTIALLY POSSESSES ANY OF THE FOLLOWING
FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS:
(A) THE BODY PERFORMS A GOVERNMENTAL OR PROPRIETARY FUNCTION FOR THE
STATE OR MUNICIPALITY;
(B) THE BODY'S MEMBERS HAVE AUTHORITY TO MAKE DECISIONS OR RECOMMENDA-
TIONS ON POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION AFFECTING THE CONDUCT OF THE BUSINESS
OF THE PEOPLE IN THE GOVERNMENTAL SECTOR;
(C) THE BODY WAS CREATED BY A GOVERNMENTAL OR GOVERNMENTAL-AFFILIATED
ENTITY OR THE BODY'S ORIGIN AND AUTHORITY MAY BE TRACED TO GOVERNMENTAL
ACTION;
(D) THE BODY IS CONTROLLED BY, OVERSEEN OR OPERATIONALLY MANAGED BY A
GOVERNMENTAL OR GOVERNMENTAL-AFFILIATED ENTITY;
(E) THE BODY RECEIVES SUBSTANTIAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL OR NONFINANCIAL
SUPPORT;
(F) THE BODY'S OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES ARE PUBLIC EMPLOYEES OR ARE
NOMINATED OR APPOINTED BY PUBLIC EMPLOYEES; OR
(G) THE BODY WAS PREVIOUSLY DETERMINED TO BE OPEN TO PUBLIC ACCESS.
4. "Record" means any [information kept, held, filed, produced or
reproduced by, with or for an agency or the state legislature, in any
physical form whatsoever including, but not limited to, reports, state-
ments, examinations, memoranda, opinions, folders, files, books, manu-
als, pamphlets, forms, papers, designs, drawings, maps, photos, letters,
microfilms, computer tapes or discs, rules, regulations or codes] DOCU-
MENTS OR ELECTRONICALLY STORED INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
ANY WRITING, DRAWING, GRAPH, CHART, PHOTOGRAPH, SOUND RECORDING, VIDEO
RECORDING, IMAGE, AND OTHER DATA OR DATA COMPILATION, STORED IN ANY
MEDIUM FROM WHICH INFORMATION CAN BE OBTAINED EITHER DIRECTLY OR, IF
NECESSARY, AFTER TRANSLATION BY THE AGENCY INTO A REASONABLY USABLE
FORM.
12. "PUBLISHABLE STATE DATA" MEANS DATA COLLECTED BY A STATE AGENCY
THAT THE AGENCY IS PERMITTED, REQUIRED OR ABLE TO MAKE AVAILABLE TO THE
PUBLIC, CONSISTENT WITH ANY AND ALL APPLICABLE LAWS, RULES, REGULATIONS,
ORDINANCES, RESOLUTIONS, POLICIES OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS, REQUIREMENTS OR
RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STATE DATA, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
CONTRACTUAL OR OTHER LEGAL ORDERS, RESTRICTIONS OR REQUIREMENTS. DATA
SHALL NOT BE PUBLISHABLE STATE DATA IF MAKING SUCH DATA AVAILABLE ON A
WEBSITE WOULD VIOLATE STATUTE OR REGULATION, INCLUDING DISCLOSURE THAT
WOULD CONSTITUTE AN UNWARRANTED INVASION OF PERSONAL PRIVACY, ENDANGER
THE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY OR WELFARE, HINDER THE OPERATION OF GOVERN-
MENT, INCLUDING CRIMINAL AND CIVIL INVESTIGATIONS, OR IMPOSE AN UNDUE
S. 3438 3
FINANCIAL, OPERATIONAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN ON THE STATE AGENCY OR
STATE.
13. "BUSINESS DAYS" AND "DAYS" SHALL BE CALCULATED FROM DATE OF
SUBMISSION, IF ELECTRONIC, OR ELSE POSTMARK DATE.
§ 3. Paragraphs (a) and (b) of subdivision 1, paragraphs (c), (d), (e)
and (g) of subdivision 2, paragraph (c) of subdivision 3 and paragraphs
(b) and (c) of subdivision 4 of section 87 of the public officers law,
paragraph (a) and the opening paragraph of paragraph (b) of subdivision
1 as amended by chapter 80 of the laws of 1983, paragraph (b) of subdi-
vision 1 and paragraph (c) of subdivision 2 as added by chapter 933 of
the laws of 1977, subparagraph iii of paragraph (b) of subdivision 1 as
amended by chapter 745 of the laws of 2022, paragraph (d) of subdivision
2 as amended by chapter 289 of the laws of 1990, paragraph (e) of subdi-
vision 2 as amended by chapter 155 of the laws of 2022, paragraph (g) of
subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 510 of the laws of 1999, paragraph
(c) of subdivision 3 as amended by chapter 499 of the laws of 2008,
paragraph (b) of subdivision 4 as added by chapter 890 of the laws of
1981 and paragraph (c) of subdivision 4 as added by chapter 102 of the
laws of 2007, are amended and a new subdivision 6 is added to read as
follows:
(a) [Within sixty days after the effective date of this article, the
governing body of each public corporation shall promulgate uniform rules
and regulations for all agencies in such public corporation pursuant to
such general rules and regulations as may be promulgated by the] THE
committee on open government SHALL PROMULGATE GENERAL RULES AND REGU-
LATIONS in conformity with the provisions of this article, pertaining to
the administration of this article.
(b) Each agency shall [promulgate rules and regulations, in conformity
with this article and applicable rules and regulations promulgated
pursuant to] ADOPT the provisions of paragraph (a) of this subdivision,
and pursuant to such general rules and regulations as [may be] ARE
promulgated by the committee on open government in [conformity with the
provisions of this article, pertaining to the availability of records
and procedures to be followed] ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARA-
GRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION, SHALL PROMULGATE AGENCY-SPECIFIC RULES
AND REGULATIONS IN CONFORMITY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE,
including, but not limited to:
i. the times and places [such] AGENCY records are available;
ii. the persons from whom such records may be obtained[,]; and
iii. the fees for copies of records which shall not exceed twenty-five
cents per photocopy not in excess of nine inches by fourteen inches, or
the actual cost of reproducing any other record in accordance with the
provisions of paragraph (c) of this subdivision, except when a different
fee is otherwise prescribed by statute. In the case where an identical
record has been prepared for a previous request within the past 6 months
and an electronic copy is available, an agency shall not charge a fee.
If more than one request is made for an identical record before any such
request has been fulfilled, any fees charged by the agency under this
subparagraph shall be apportioned equally among the requestors.
(c) if disclosed would impair present or imminent contract awards [or]
EXCLUDING collective bargaining negotiations;
(d) are trade secrets or are submitted to an agency by a commercial
enterprise or derived from information obtained from a commercial enter-
prise UNDER COMPULSION OF LAW OR REGULATION and which if disclosed would
cause substantial injury to the competitive position of the subject
enterprise;
S. 3438 4
(e) are compiled for SUCH AGENCY'S law enforcement purposes only to
the extent that disclosure would:
i. interfere with SUCH AGENCY'S law enforcement investigations or
judicial proceedings, provided however, that any agency, which is not
conducting the investigation that the requested records relate to, that
is considering denying access pursuant to this subparagraph shall
receive confirmation from the law enforcement or investigating agency
conducting the investigation that disclosure of such records will inter-
fere with an ongoing investigation;
ii. deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or impartial adjudi-
cation;
iii. identify a confidential source or disclose confidential informa-
tion relating to a criminal investigation; or
iv. reveal criminal investigative techniques or procedures, except
routine techniques and procedures;
(g) are inter-agency or intra-agency DELIBERATIVE materials, INCLUDING
RECOMMENDATIONS, PROPOSALS, SUGGESTIONS, AND OTHER SUBJECTIVE DOCUMENTS
REFLECTING THE PERSONAL OPINIONS OF THE WRITER OR WRITERS RATHER THAN
THE POLICY OF THE AGENCY, which are not:
i. statistical or factual tabulations or data;
ii. instructions to staff that affect the public;
iii. final agency policy or determinations;
iv. external audits, including but not limited to audits performed by
the comptroller and the federal government; or
(c) a reasonably detailed current list by subject matter of all
records in the possession of the agency, whether or not available under
this article. Each agency shall update its subject matter list annually,
and the date of the most recent update shall be conspicuously indicated
on the list. Each state agency as defined in subdivision four of this
section [that maintains a website] shall post its current list on its
website and such posting shall be linked to the website of the committee
on open government. [Any such agency that does not maintain a website
shall arrange to have its list posted on the website of the committee on
open government.]
(b) As used in this subdivision the term "agency" or "state agency"
means [only a state department, board, bureau, division, council or
office and any public corporation the majority of whose members are
appointed by the governor] A BOARD, BUREAU, DIVISION, COMMISSION,
COMMITTEE, PUBLIC AUTHORITY, PUBLIC CORPORATION, COUNCIL, OFFICE OR
OTHER GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY PERFORMING A GOVERNMENTAL OR PROPRIETARY FUNC-
TION FOR THE STATE, EXCEPT THE JUDICIARY OR THE STATE LEGISLATURE.
(c) Each state agency [that maintains] SHALL MAINTAIN a website
[shall] AND post information related to this article and article six-A
of this chapter on its website. Such information shall include, at a
minimum, contact information for the persons from whom records of the
agency may be obtained, the times and places such records are available
for inspection and copying, and information on how to request records in
person, by mail, and[, if the agency accepts requests for records elec-
tronically,] by e-mail. This posting shall be linked to the website of
the committee on open government.
(D) EVERY STATE AGENCY SHALL MAKE ITS PUBLISHABLE STATE DATA AVAILABLE
ON THE AGENCY'S WEBSITE OR TO THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SERVICES TO BE AVAILABLE ON THE STATE'S OPEN DATA WEBSITE.
(E) EVERY AGENCY SHALL MAKE AVAILABLE ON ITS WEBSITE'S HOMEPAGE A LINK
TO THAT AGENCY'S CURRENT FISCAL YEAR BUDGET.
S. 3438 5
(F) EVERY AGENCY SHALL MAKE AVAILABLE COPIES OF ALL CURRENT AND
PROPOSED COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENTS AND RELATED DOCUMENTS, INCLUD-
ING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ALL ADDENDA, SCHEDULES, MEMORANDA, AND OTHER
ATTACHMENTS.
6. WHENEVER THERE IS A QUESTION AS TO WHETHER OR NOT A RECORD SHOULD
BE DISCLOSED, IT SHALL BE PRESUMED THAT THE REQUESTOR IS ENTITLED TO THE
RECORD.
§ 4. Subdivision 1, paragraphs (a) and (b) of subdivision 2, subdivi-
sions 3 and 4 and paragraph (h) of subdivision 5 of section 89 of the
public officers law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 933 of the laws
of 1977, paragraph (a) of subdivision 1 as amended by chapter 33 of the
laws of 1984, paragraph (b) of subdivision 1 as amended by chapter 182
of the laws of 2006, paragraph (a) of subdivision 2 as amended by
section 11 of part U of chapter 61 of the laws of 2011, paragraph (b) of
subdivision 2 as amended by section 2 of part GGG of chapter 59 of the
laws of 2019, subdivision 3 as amended by chapter 223 of the laws of
2008, paragraph (c) of subdivision 3 as added by chapter 47 of the laws
of 2018, subdivision 4 as amended by chapter 22 of the laws of 2005,
paragraph (c) of subdivision 4 as amended by chapter 453 of the laws of
2017, paragraph (d) of subdivision 4 as added by chapter 487 of the laws
of 2016 and paragraph (h) of subdivision 5 as added by chapter 890 of
the laws of 1981, are amended to read as follows:
1. (a) I. The committee on open government is continued and shall
consist of [the lieutenant governor or the delegate of such officer, the
secretary of state or the delegate of such officer, whose office shall
act as secretariat for the committee, the commissioner of the office of
general services or the delegate of such officer, the director of the
budget or the delegate of such officer, and] seven [other] persons, none
of whom shall hold any other state or local public office except the
representative of local governments as set forth herein, to be appointed
as follows: [five by the governor, at least two of whom are or have been
representatives of the news media, one of whom shall be a representative
of local government who, at the time of appointment, is serving as a
duly elected officer of a local government, one by the temporary presi-
dent of the senate, and one by the speaker of the assembly. The persons
appointed by the temporary president of the senate and the speaker of
the assembly shall be appointed to serve, respectively, until the expi-
ration of the terms of office of the temporary president and the speaker
to which the temporary president and speaker were elected. The four
persons presently serving by appointment of the governor for fixed terms
shall continue to serve until the expiration of their respective terms.
Thereafter, their respective successors shall be appointed for terms of
four years. The member representing local government shall be appointed
for a term of four years, so long as such member shall remain a duly
elected officer of a local government.] TWO REPRESENTATIVES, EACH OF
WHOM IS FROM THE NEWS MEDIA OR A NONGOVERNMENTAL NONPROFIT GROUP THAT
WORKS ON ISSUES RELATED TO TRANSPARENCY OR OPEN GOVERNMENT, TWO REPRE-
SENTATIVES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT WHO, AT THE TIME OF APPOINTMENT, ARE
SERVING AS DULY ELECTED OFFICERS OF A LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AND THREE
PRIVATE CITIZENS OF THE STATE, NONE OF WHOM MAY BE CUSTODIANS OF PUBLIC
RECORDS, MEMBERS OF THE NEWS MEDIA OR A NONPROFIT GROUP THAT WORKS ON
ISSUES RELATED TO TRANSPARENCY OR OPEN GOVERNMENT, OR A STAFF MEMBER OR
SPOKESPERSON FOR AN ORGANIZATION THAT REPRESENTS CUSTODIANS OR REQUE-
STORS OF PUBLIC RECORDS. OF THE SEVEN MEMBERS, AT LEAST TWO SHALL BE
ATTORNEYS ADMITTED TO PRACTICE IN NEW YORK AND AT LEAST TWO SHALL
S. 3438 6
POSSESS EXPERTISE CONCERNING ELECTRONIC RECORDS, INCLUDING ELECTRONIC
STORAGE, RETRIEVAL, REVIEW, AND REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES.
II. MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE SHALL BE APPOINTED FROM A POOL OF APPLI-
CANTS IDENTIFIED BY THE GOVERNOR AND THE GOVERNOR SHALL PUBLISH ON THE
GOVERNOR'S WEBSITE NOTICE OF THE GOVERNOR'S INTENT TO CONSIDER APPLI-
CANTS FOR POSITIONS ON THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT AND THE NOTICE
SHALL INCLUDE THE APPLICATION PROCEDURES, CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING APPLI-
CANTS' QUALIFICATIONS, AND PROCEDURES FOR RESOLVING ANY CONFLICTS OF
INTEREST; AND SOLICIT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COMMITTEE MEMBERS FROM AGEN-
CIES, NEWS MEDIA, AND NONGOVERNMENTAL NONPROFIT GROUPS THAT WORK ON
ISSUES RELATED TO TRANSPARENCY OR OPEN GOVERNMENT; AND POST NAMES AND
QUALIFICATIONS OF APPLICANTS ON THE GOVERNOR'S WEBSITE; AND WHEN EVALU-
ATING AN APPLICANT, CONSIDER THE NEED FOR GEOGRAPHIC, POLITICAL, RACIAL,
ETHNIC, CULTURAL, AND GENDER DIVERSITY ON THE COMMITTEE AND ENSURE THE
NEUTRALITY OF THE COMMITTEE.
III. SUBJECT TO THE ADVICE AND CONSENT OF THE SENATE, THE GOVERNOR
SHALL APPOINT THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE FROM THE POOL OF APPLICANTS
CREATED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
IV. The committee shall [hold no less than two meetings annually] MEET
AT LEAST MONTHLY, but may meet at any time.
V. The members of the committee shall be entitled to reimbursement for
actual expenses incurred in the discharge of their duties.
(b) The committee shall:
i. [furnish to any agency advisory guidelines, opinions or other
appropriate information regarding this article] ISSUE ADVISORY OPINIONS
TO ANY AGENCY OR PERSON WHICH SHALL BE MADE AVAILABLE ON THE COMMITTEE'S
WEBSITE;
ii. [furnish to any person advisory opinions or other appropriate
information regarding this article] PROVIDE ANNUAL TRAINING TO AGENCIES,
PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES ON ARTICLES SIX AND SEVEN OF THIS
CHAPTER;
iii. promulgate rules and regulations [with respect to the implementa-
tion of subdivision one and paragraph (c) of subdivision three of
section eighty-seven] TO CARRY OUT THE PROVISIONS of this article WHICH
SHALL BE MADE AVAILABLE ON THE COMMITTEE'S WEBSITE;
iv. [request from any agency such assistance, services and information
as will enable the committee to effectively carry out its powers and
duties] ASSIGN APPEALS OFFICERS TO REVIEW APPEALS OF DECISIONS BY AGEN-
CIES AND ISSUE ORDERS AND OPINIONS. THE COMMITTEE SHALL EMPLOY OR
CONTRACT WITH ATTORNEYS TO SERVE AS APPEALS OFFICERS TO REVIEW APPEALS
AND, IF NECESSARY, TO HOLD HEARINGS ON A REGIONAL BASIS UNDER THIS ARTI-
CLE. EACH APPEALS OFFICER MUST COMPLY WITH ALL OF THE FOLLOWING: (A)
COMPLETE A TRAINING COURSE PROVIDED BY THE COMMITTEE PRIOR TO ACTING AS
AN APPEALS OFFICER; (B) IF A HEARING IS NECESSARY, HOLD HEARINGS
REGIONALLY AS NECESSARY TO ENSURE ACCESS TO THE REMEDIES PROVIDED BY
THIS ARTICLE AND ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER; AND (C) COMPLY WITH THE
PROCEDURES UNDER THIS ARTICLE AND ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER AND ANY
RULES OR REGULATIONS PROMULGATED BY THE COMMITTEE;
v. [develop a form, which shall be made available on the internet,
that may be used by the public to request a record] ESTABLISH AN
INFORMAL MEDIATION PROGRAM TO RESOLVE DISPUTES UNDER THIS ARTICLE AND
ARTICLE SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER; and
vi. report on its activities [and findings], INCLUDING THE NUMBER AND
NATURE OF COMPLAINTS FILED WITH THE COMMITTEE, ITS DECISIONS, AND ANY
RECOMMENDED CHANGES TO THE LAW regarding this article and article seven
of this chapter, [including recommendations for changes in the law,] to
S. 3438 7
the governor and the legislature annually, on or before [December
fifteenth] OCTOBER THIRTY-FIRST.
(C) THE COMMITTEE SHALL APPOINT AN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR WHO SHALL NOT BE
AN EXISTING STATE EMPLOYEE AND WHO SHALL SERVE FOR A TERM OF FIVE YEARS,
UNLESS REMOVED BY A MAJORITY VOTE OF THE COMMITTEE. THE EXECUTIVE DIREC-
TOR SHALL RECEIVE A SALARY IN THE SAME AMOUNT AS SET FORTH FOR STATE
OFFICERS IN SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION ONE HUNDRED SIXTY-NINE OF THE
EXECUTIVE LAW. THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MAY SERVE NO MORE THAN TWO TERMS.
(D) THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SHALL NOT SEEK ELECTION NOR ACCEPT APPOINT-
MENT TO ANY POLITICAL OFFICE DURING HIS OR HER TENURE AS EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR AND FOR ONE YEAR THEREAFTER.
(E) THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SHALL ENSURE THAT THE DUTIES OF THE COMMIT-
TEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT ARE CARRIED OUT AND SHALL MONITOR APPEALS AND
COMPLAINTS SUBMITTED TO THE COMMITTEE.
(a) The committee on [public access to records may] OPEN GOVERNMENT
SHALL promulgate guidelines regarding deletion of identifying details or
withholding of records otherwise available under this article to prevent
unwarranted invasions of personal privacy. [In the absence of such
guidelines, an agency may delete identifying details when it makes
records available.]
(b) An unwarranted invasion of personal privacy includes, but shall
not be limited to:
i. disclosure of employment, medical or credit histories or personal
references of applicants for employment;
ii. disclosure of items involving the medical or personal records of a
client or patient in a medical facility;
iii. sale or release of lists of names OF NATURAL PERSONS and RESIDEN-
TIAL addresses if such lists would be used for solicitation or fund-
raising purposes;
iv. disclosure of information of a personal nature when disclosure
would result in economic or personal hardship to the subject party and
such information is not relevant to the work of the agency requesting or
maintaining it;
v. disclosure of information of a personal nature reported in confi-
dence to an agency and not relevant to the ordinary work of such agency;
vi. information of a personal nature contained in a workers' compen-
sation record, except as provided by section one hundred ten-a of the
workers' compensation law;
vii. disclosure of electronic contact information, such as an e-mail
address or a social network username, that has been collected from a
taxpayer under section one hundred four of the real property tax law; or
viii. disclosure of law enforcement arrest or booking photographs of
an individual, unless public release of such photographs will serve a
specific law enforcement purpose and disclosure is not precluded by any
state or federal laws.
3. (a) Each entity subject to the provisions of this article, within
[five] TEN business days of the receipt of a [written request for a
record reasonably described] RECORD OR RECORDS REQUEST, shall make such
record OR RECORDS available to the [person requesting it, deny such
request in writing] REQUESTOR or furnish a written acknowledgement of
the receipt of such request [and a statement of the approximate date,
which shall be reasonable under the circumstances of the request, when
such request will be granted or denied,] including, where appropriate, a
statement that access to the record OR RECORDS will be determined in
accordance with subdivision five of this section. SUCH ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SHALL INCLUDE:
S. 3438 8
I. A STATEMENT OF THE APPROXIMATE DATE, WHICH SHALL BE REASONABLE
UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE REQUEST NOT TO EXCEED TWENTY BUSINESS
DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF THE ORIGINAL REQUEST, AND ADVISING IF EXCEPTIONS
WILL APPLY, WHEN SUCH REQUEST WILL BE GRANTED OR DENIED, INCLUDING,
WHERE APPROPRIATE, A STATEMENT THAT ACCESS TO THE RECORD WILL BE DETER-
MINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUBDIVISION FIVE OF THIS SECTION; OR
II. IF AN AGENCY DETERMINES TO GRANT A REQUEST IN WHOLE OR IN PART,
AND IF CIRCUMSTANCES PREVENT DISCLOSURE TO THE PERSON REQUESTING THE
RECORD OR RECORDS WITHIN TWENTY BUSINESS DAYS FROM THE DATE OF THE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE RECEIPT OF THE REQUEST, THE AGENCY SHALL STATE,
IN WRITING, BOTH THE REASON FOR THE INABILITY TO GRANT THE REQUEST WITH-
IN TWENTY BUSINESS DAYS AND A DATE CERTAIN WITHIN A REASONABLE PERIOD,
DEPENDING ON THE CIRCUMSTANCES, WHEN THE REQUEST WILL BE GRANTED IN
WHOLE OR IN PART, AND ADVISE IF EXCEPTIONS WILL APPLY.
III. IN THE EVENT THAT THE AGENCY DETERMINES IT CANNOT GRANT ACCESS TO
ANY OF THE REQUESTED RECORD OR RECORDS: (A) A STATEMENT OF DETERMINATION
THAT ACCESS TO THE REQUESTED RECORD OR RECORDS CANNOT BE GRANTED BECAUSE
THE REQUEST WAS MADE TO THE WRONG AGENCY; (B) A STATEMENT OF DETERMI-
NATION THAT ACCESS TO THE REQUESTED RECORD OR RECORDS CANNOT BE GRANTED
BECAUSE THE REQUEST IS TOO VAGUE; OR (C) A STATEMENT OF DETERMINATION
THAT ACCESS TO THE REQUESTED RECORD OR RECORDS CANNOT BE GRANTED BECAUSE
THE RECORD OR RECORDS DO NOT EXIST.
(B) WHERE APPROPRIATE, AN AGENCY SHALL MAKE A DETERMINATION UNDER THIS
SUBDIVISION FOR EACH CATEGORY OF RECORD IN A RECORDS REQUEST CONTAINING
MORE THAN ONE RECORDS REQUEST.
(C) An agency shall not deny a request on the basis that the request
is voluminous or that locating, GENERATING, or reviewing the requested
records or providing the requested copies is burdensome because the
agency lacks sufficient staffing or on any other basis if the agency may
engage an outside professional service to provide copying, programming
or other services required to provide the copy, the costs of which the
agency may recover pursuant to paragraph (c) of subdivision one of
section eighty-seven of this article.
(D) An agency may require a person requesting lists of names OF
NATURAL PERSONS and RESIDENTIAL addresses to provide a written certif-
ication that such person will not use such lists of names and addresses
for solicitation or fund-raising purposes and will not sell, give or
otherwise make available such lists of names and addresses to any other
person for the purpose of allowing that person to use such lists of
names and addresses for solicitation or fund-raising purposes. [If an
agency determines to grant a request in whole or in part, and if circum-
stances prevent disclosure to the person requesting the record or
records within twenty business days from the date of the acknowledgement
of the receipt of the request, the agency shall state, in writing, both
the reason for the inability to grant the request within twenty business
days and a date certain within a reasonable period, depending on the
circumstances, when the request will be granted in whole or in part.]
(E) Upon payment of, or offer to pay, the fee prescribed therefor, the
entity shall provide a copy of such record and certify to the correct-
ness of such copy if so requested, or as the case may be, shall certify
that it does not have possession of such record or that such record
cannot be found after diligent search. Nothing in this article shall be
construed to require any entity to prepare any record not possessed or
maintained by such entity except the records specified in subdivision
three of section eighty-seven and subdivision three of section eighty-
eight of this article. When an agency has the ability to retrieve or
S. 3438 9
extract a record or data maintained in a computer storage system with
reasonable effort, it shall be required to do so. When doing so requires
less employee time than engaging in manual retrieval or redactions from
non-electronic records, the agency shall be required to retrieve or
extract such record or data electronically. Any programming necessary to
retrieve a record maintained in a computer storage system and to trans-
fer that record to the medium requested by a person or to allow the
transferred record to be read or printed shall not be deemed to be the
preparation or creation of a new record.
[(b)] (F) All entities shall[, provided such entity has reasonable
means available,] accept requests for records submitted in the form of
electronic mail and shall respond to such requests by electronic mail,
using forms, to the extent practicable, consistent with the form or
forms developed by the committee on open government pursuant to subdivi-
sion one of this section and provided that the written requests do not
seek a response in some other form. AGENCIES SHALL NOT REQUIRE REQUESTS
TO BE MADE IN ANY SPECIFIC FORMAT AND MAY NOT IGNORE OR DENY REQUESTS
NOT MADE IN THE AGENCY'S PREFERRED FORMAT.
[(c)] (G) Each state agency, as defined in subdivision five of this
section, that maintains a website shall ensure its website provides for
the online submission of a request for records pursuant to this article.
(H) ALL RESPONSES TO REQUESTS SHALL BE ATTRIBUTED TO A NATURAL PERSON
WHO IS AN EMPLOYEE OF THE RESPONDING ENTITY. RESPONSES CONTAINING DENIAL
OF REQUESTS, ASSERTING EXCEPTIONS TO DISCLOSURE, OR ASSERTING THAT
RECORDS DO NOT EXIST, SHALL BE SWORN UNDER THE PENALTY OF PERJURY.
4. (a) Except as provided in subdivision five of this section, any
person denied access to a record may within [thirty] NINETY days appeal
in writing such denial to the [head, chief executive or governing body
of the entity, or the person therefor designated by such head, chief
executive, or governing body, who shall within ten business days of the
receipt of such appeal fully explain in writing to the person requesting
the record the reasons for further denial, or provide access to the
record sought. In addition, each agency shall immediately forward to the
committee on open government a copy of such appeal when received by the
agency and the ensuing determination thereon] COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERN-
MENT. Failure by an agency to conform to the provisions of subdivision
three of this section shall constitute a denial. A WRITTEN APPEAL SHALL
INCLUDE, IF AVAILABLE, A COPY OF THE ORIGINAL REQUEST FOR PUBLIC RECORD
OR RECORDS, AND THE AGENCY'S RESPONSE, IF ANY.
I. UPON RECEIPT OF AN APPEAL UNDER THIS SUBDIVISION, THE COMMITTEE ON
OPEN GOVERNMENT SHALL ASSIGN AN APPEALS OFFICER TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE
APPEAL IS WITHIN THE COMMITTEE'S JURISDICTION, FRIVOLOUS OR WITHOUT
FACTUAL BASIS, REDUCE THAT CONCLUSION TO WRITING AND TRANSMIT A COPY TO
THE REQUESTOR AND TO THE RESPONSIBLE RECORDS ACCESS OFFICER AND REQUEST
A WRITTEN RESPONSE FROM THE AGENCY. UPON RECEIPT OF A REQUEST FROM THE
COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT AN AGENCY SHALL PROVIDE A WRITTEN RESPONSE
TO THE APPEAL WITHIN FIFTEEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING THE REQUEST FOR A
RESPONSE; AND IF THE APPEAL ALLEGES THE AGENCY FAILED TO RESPOND TO A
REQUEST WITHIN THE STATUTORY TIME, PROVIDE A RESPONSE TO THE RECORD
REQUEST; AND IF THE APPEAL ALLEGES THE AGENCY DENIED A REQUEST IN
VIOLATION OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDE A COPY OF THE RECORD, A DESCRIPTIVE
INDEX OF THE RECORD, OR A WRITTEN REASON WHY THE RECORD IS BEING WITH-
HELD, AS APPROPRIATE.
II. THE AGENCY OR REQUESTOR SHALL PROVIDE AN AFFIDAVIT OR STATEMENT OF
FACTS AT ISSUE IN THE APPEAL WITHIN THE TIME PROVIDED IN A REQUEST THAT
THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT MAY MAKE.
S. 3438 10
III. THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT SHALL MAINTAIN THE CONFIDENTIAL-
ITY OF ANY RECORD PROVIDED UNDER THIS SUBDIVISION.
IV. A PERSON OR AGENCY MAY NOT BE CIVILLY OR CRIMINALLY LIABLE FOR
PROVIDING A RECORD TO THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT UNDER THIS SUBDI-
VISION.
V. THE PROVISION OF A RECORD OR A DESCRIPTION OF A RECORD TO THE
COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT UNDER THIS SUBDIVISION MAY NOT BE CONSTRUED
AS A WAIVER OF ANY APPLICABLE PRIVILEGE.
VI. UPON RECEIPT OF THE AGENCY RESPONSE AND ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
REQUESTED UNDER THIS SUBDIVISION, THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT SHALL
INVITE THE REQUESTOR TO PARTICIPATE IN AN INFORMAL MEDIATION; AND ISSUE
A WRITTEN DECISION WITHIN FIFTEEN DAYS OF THE DATE THE REQUESTOR
DECLINES INFORMAL MEDIATION OR DECLARES THE INFORMAL MEDIATION TERMI-
NATED; OR IF UNABLE TO REACH A DECISION BASED ON THE WRITTEN
SUBMISSIONS, SCHEDULE AN INFORMAL CONFERENCE WITH THE REQUESTOR AND THE
AGENCY THAT MAY BE CONDUCTED BY TELECONFERENCE OR WRITTEN TESTIMONY
SUBMITTED BY ELECTRONIC MAIL, AND ISSUE A WRITTEN DECISION WITHIN
FIFTEEN DAYS OF THE INFORMAL CONFERENCE; OR IF UNABLE TO ISSUE A DECI-
SION WITHIN THE TIMES SPECIFIED IN THIS PARAGRAPH AND PARAGRAPH (B) OF
THIS SUBDIVISION, STATE IN WRITING THE REASON FOR ITS INABILITY TO ISSUE
A DECISION AND ISSUE A DECISION AS SOON AS POSSIBLE BUT NOT LATER THAN
SIXTY DAYS AFTER THE FILING OF THE APPEAL.
V. THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT SHALL SEND A COPY OF THE WRITTEN
DECISION TO THE REQUESTOR AND THE RESPONDING AGENCY.
(b) AN AGENCY MAY, WITHIN THE STATUTORY TIME FOR ACKNOWLEDGING A
RECORDS REQUEST UNDER THIS SECTION, SUBMIT A WRITTEN COMPLAINT TO THE
COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT ALLEGING THAT A REQUESTOR'S RECORDS REQUEST
OR PATTERN OF RECORDS REQUESTS IS FRIVOLOUS, VEXATIOUS, OR MADE IN BAD
FAITH.
I. UPON RECEIPT OF A COMPLAINT UNDER THIS SUBDIVISION, THE COMMITTEE
ON OPEN GOVERNMENT SHALL SEND A COPY OF THE COMPLAINT TO THE REQUESTOR
AND REQUEST A WRITTEN RESPONSE THAT SHALL BE PROVIDED WITHIN THIRTY
DAYS.
II. THE AGENCY OR REQUESTOR SHALL PROVIDE AN AFFIDAVIT OR STATEMENT OF
FACTS AT ISSUE IN THE COMPLAINT WITHIN THE TIME PROVIDED IN A REQUEST
THAT THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT MAY MAKE.
III. UPON RECEIPT OF THE REQUESTOR'S RESPONSE AND ANY ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION REQUESTED UNDER THIS SUBDIVISION, THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN
GOVERNMENT SHALL ISSUE A WRITTEN DECISION WITHIN THIRTY DAYS DETERMINING
WHETHER THE REQUESTOR'S REQUEST OR PATTERNS OF REQUESTS IS FRIVOLOUS,
VEXATIOUS, OR MADE IN BAD FAITH.
IV. IF THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT FINDS THAT THE REQUESTOR'S
RECORD REQUEST IS FRIVOLOUS, VEXATIOUS, OR MADE IN BAD FAITH BASED ON
THE TOTALITY OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES, INCLUDING THE NUMBER AND SCOPE OF THE
REQUESTOR'S PAST RECORDS REQUESTS AND THE AGENCY'S RESPONSES TO THOSE
REQUESTS AND EFFORTS TO COOPERATE WITH THE REQUESTOR, IT SHALL ISSUE AN
ORDER AUTHORIZING THE AGENCY TO IGNORE THE RECORDS REQUEST; OR RESPOND
TO A LESS BURDENSOME VERSION OF THE REQUEST WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME AS
DETERMINED BY THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT.
V. THE COMMITTEE ON OPEN GOVERNMENT SHALL SEND A COPY OF THE WRITTEN
DECISION TO THE REQUESTOR AND THE COMPLAINING AGENCY.
(C) Except as provided in subdivision five of this section, a person
denied access to a record in [an appeal determination] A DECISION under
the provisions of [paragraph] PARAGRAPHS (a) AND (B) of this subdivision
may bring a proceeding for review of such denial pursuant to article
seventy-eight of the civil practice law and rules. In the event that
S. 3438 11
access to any record is denied pursuant to the provisions of subdivision
two of section eighty-seven of this article, the agency involved shall
have the burden of proving that such record falls within the provisions
of such subdivision two. [Failure by an agency to conform to the
provisions of paragraph (a) of this subdivision shall constitute a
denial.
(c)] (D) The court in such a proceeding: (i) [may] SHALL assess,
against such agency involved, reasonable attorney's fees and other liti-
gation costs reasonably incurred by such person in any case under the
provisions of this section [in which such person has substantially
prevailed, and] when the agency failed to respond to a request or appeal
within the statutory time; [and] (ii) shall assess, against such agency
involved, reasonable attorney's fees and other litigation costs reason-
ably incurred by such person in any case under the provisions of this
section in which such person has substantially prevailed and the court
finds that the agency had no reasonable basis for denying access; AND
(III) SHALL ASSESS, AGAINST SUCH REQUESTOR INVOLVED, REASONABLE ATTOR-
NEY'S FEES AND OTHER LITIGATION COSTS REASONABLY INCURRED BY AN AGENCY
IN ANY CASE UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION IN WHICH THE COURT
FINDS THAT THE REQUESTOR'S RECORDS REQUEST OR PATTERN OF RECORDS
REQUESTS IS FRIVOLOUS, VEXATIOUS, OR MADE IN BAD FAITH.
[(d)] (E) (i) Appeal to the appellate division of the supreme court
must be made in accordance with subdivision (a) of section fifty-five
hundred thirteen of the civil practice law and rules.
(ii) An appeal from an agency taken from an order of the court requir-
ing disclosure of any or all records sought:
(A) shall be given preference;
(B) shall be brought on for argument on such terms and conditions as
the presiding justice may direct, upon application of any party to the
proceeding; and
(C) shall be deemed abandoned if the agency fails to serve and file a
record and brief within sixty days after the date of service upon the
petitioner of the notice of appeal, unless consent to further extension
is given by all parties, or unless further extension is granted by the
court upon such terms as may be just and upon good cause shown.
(h) As used in this subdivision the term ["agency" or] "state agency"
means [only a state department, board, bureau, division, council or
office and any public corporation the majority of whose members are
appointed by the governor] A BOARD, BUREAU, DIVISION, COMMISSION,
COMMITTEE, PUBLIC AUTHORITY, PUBLIC CORPORATION, COUNCIL, OFFICE OR
OTHER GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY PERFORMING A GOVERNMENTAL OR PROPRIETARY FUNC-
TION FOR THE STATE, EXCEPT THE JUDICIARY OR THE STATE LEGISLATURE.
§ 5. This act shall take effect immediately.