(B) "CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE SENSOR
WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES A RECORDED IMAGE OF A VEHICLE AND LICENSE
PLATE AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY
AND WHOSE OWNER HAS INCURRED AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL THROUGH THE
CASHLESS TOLLING PROGRAM.
(C) "DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY" SHALL MEAN A PERSON, FIRM OR CORPORATION
ENGAGED IN BUSINESS, THE PRINCIPAL PURPOSE OF WHICH IS TO REGULARLY
COLLECT OR ATTEMPT TO COLLECT DEBTS OWED OR DUE OR ASSERTED TO BE OWED
OR DUE TO ANOTHER AND SHALL ALSO INCLUDE A BUYER OF DELINQUENT DEBT WHO
SEEKS TO COLLECT SUCH DEBT EITHER DIRECTLY OR THROUGH THE SERVICES OF
ANOTHER BY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, INITIATING OR USING LEGAL
PROCESSES OR OTHER MEANS TO COLLECT OR ATTEMPT TO COLLECT SUCH DEBT.
(D) "ELECTRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION" SHALL INCLUDE BUT NOT BE
LIMITED TO ELECTRONIC MAIL AND TEXT MESSAGING.
(E) "ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A SYSTEM OF
COLLECTING TOLLS OR CHARGES WHICH IS CAPABLE OF CHARGING AN ACCOUNT
HOLDER THE APPROPRIATE TOLL OR CHARGE BY TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION
FROM AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE ON A MOTOR VEHICLE TO THE TOLL LANE,
WHICH INFORMATION IS USED TO CHARGE THE ACCOUNT THE APPROPRIATE TOLL OR
CHARGE.
(F) "LESSEE" SHALL MEAN ANY PERSON, CORPORATION, FIRM, PARTNERSHIP,
AGENCY, ASSOCIATION, OR ORGANIZATION THAT RENTS, LEASES OR CONTRACTS FOR
THE USE OF ONE OR MORE VEHICLES AND HAS EXCLUSIVE USE THEREOF FOR ANY
PERIOD OF TIME.
(G) "LESSOR" SHALL MEAN ANY PERSON, CORPORATION, FIRM, PARTNERSHIP,
AGENCY, ASSOCIATION, OR ORGANIZATION ENGAGED IN THE BUSINESS OF RENTING
OR LEASING VEHICLES TO ANY LESSEE UNDER A RENTAL AGREEMENT, LEASE OR
OTHERWISE WHEREIN SUCH LESSEE HAS THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR
ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
(H) "NOTICE OF VIOLATION" SHALL MEAN A NOTICE SENT TO AN OWNER NOTIFY-
ING SUCH OWNER THAT A TOLL INCURRED AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY BY
THE OWNER HAS NOT BEEN PAID AT THE PLACE AND TIME AND IN THE MANNER
ESTABLISHED FOR COLLECTION OF SUCH TOLL IN THE TOLL BILL.
(I) "OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE" SHALL MEAN AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT
SUCCESSFULLY TRANSMITS INFORMATION THROUGH AN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION
SYSTEM.
(J) "OWNER" SHALL MEAN ANY PERSON, CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, FIRM,
AGENCY, ASSOCIATION, LESSOR OR ORGANIZATION WHO, AT THE TIME OF INCUR-
RING AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, AND
WITH RESPECT TO THE VEHICLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF TOLL DUE: (I) IS
THE BENEFICIAL OR EQUITABLE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE; OR (II) HAS TITLE TO
SUCH VEHICLE; OR (III) IS THE REGISTRANT OR CO-REGISTRANT OF SUCH VEHI-
CLE WHICH IS REGISTERED WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS
STATE OR ANY OTHER STATE, TERRITORY, DISTRICT, PROVINCE, NATION OR OTHER
JURISDICTION; OR (IV) IS SUBJECT TO THE LIMITATIONS SET FORTH IN SUBDI-
VISION TEN OF SECTION TWENTY-NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-FIVE OF THIS TITLE,
USES SUCH VEHICLE IN ITS VEHICLE RENTING AND/OR LEASING BUSINESS; OR (V)
IS A PERSON ENTITLED TO THE USE AND POSSESSION OF A VEHICLE SUBJECT TO A
SECURITY INTEREST IN ANOTHER PERSON.
(K) "PENALTY" SHALL MEAN ANY LATE PAYMENT FEES, CHARGES, OR MONETARY
PENALTIES IMPOSED BY A PUBLIC AUTHORITY, EXCLUSIVE OF ANY TOLL OR TOLLS
INCURRED AT THE CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, FOR FAILURE TO TIMELY PAY AN
OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL.
(L) "TOLL BILL" SHALL MEAN A NOTICE SENT TO AN OWNER NOTIFYING SUCH
OWNER THAT THE OWNER'S VEHICLE HAS BEEN USED OR OPERATED AT A CASHLESS
TOLLING FACILITY, CROSSED A CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM WITHOUT
S. 492--A 3
AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND HAS INCURRED AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A
TOLL.
(M) "TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM" SHALL MEAN ANY PROGRAM OPERATED BY OR ON
BEHALF OF A PUBLIC AUTHORITY TO IDENTIFY VEHICLES THAT CROSS THROUGH A
CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY WITHOUT AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND TO
SEND A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION TO THE OWNER OF THE VEHICLE.
(N) "VIOLATION" SHALL MEAN THE FAILURE OF THE OWNER TO TIMELY RESPOND
TO A TOLL BILL.
3. AUTHORIZATION FOR CASHLESS TOLLING. (A) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
PROVISION OF LAW, EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A TOLL HIGHWAY,
BRIDGE AND/OR TUNNEL FACILITY AND IS AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO SECTION
TWENTY-NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-FIVE OF THIS TITLE TO PROMULGATE TOLL
COLLECTION REGULATIONS AND TO IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TO
COMPLY WITH SUCH REGULATIONS IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED TO OPER-
ATE A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR UTILIZATION OF CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
TIES, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS, AND A TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM
AND TO IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE
TO COMPLY WITH THE TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS OF SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY
SO LONG AS EACH PUBLIC AUTHORITY COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
SECTION. SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL PROMULGATE REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING
A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR THE UTILIZATION OF CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
TIES, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS, AND A TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM
THAT COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. SUCH REGULATIONS MAY
IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE TO
COMPLY WITH SUCH REGULATIONS. NO PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL OWN, OPERATE OR
OTHERWISE FACILITATE A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONI-
TORING SYSTEM, OR TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM WITHOUT FIRST PROMULGATING REGU-
LATIONS PURSUANT TO AND IN COMPLIANCE WITH THIS SECTION.
(B) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO
ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH
CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDEN-
TIFY THE DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE. HOWEVER,
NO TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
SHALL BE INVALID SOLELY BECAUSE A RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDEN-
TIFICATION OF THE CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE, PROVIDED THAT SUCH PUBLIC
AUTHORITY HAS MADE A REASONABLE EFFORT TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
THIS PARAGRAPH.
(C) EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY
SHALL UNDERTAKE A PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN REGARDING THE USE OF AND
PROCESS INVOLVED WITH THE PAYMENT OF TOLLS AT CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
TIES. EACH PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL PROVIDE SUFFICIENT METHODS FOR OWNERS
TO OBTAIN AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR THE ELECTRONIC TOLL
COLLECTION SYSTEM, INCLUDING MAKING SUCH DEVICES AVAILABLE AT ALL REST
AREAS OWNED OR OPERATED BY EACH AUTHORITY.
(D) EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY
SHALL MAINTAIN A WEBSITE AND TOLL-FREE PHONE NUMBER FOR ANY PERSON TO
OBTAIN CURRENT INFORMATION ON ANY OUTSTANDING TOLLS AND SHALL IMPLEMENT
A SYSTEM TO NOTIFY THOSE OWNERS WHO SO REQUEST BY ELECTRONIC MEANS OF
COMMUNICATION ABOUT TOLLS AS THEY ARE INCURRED. SUCH WEBSITE AND PHONE
NUMBER SHALL BE PRINTED ON ANY TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION.
4. OWNER LIABILITY. (A) WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF EVERY PUBLIC
AUTHORITY WHICH HAS PROMULGATED REGULATIONS PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
THREE OF THIS SECTION: (I) THE OWNER SHALL INCUR AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A
TOLL WHEN THE OWNER'S VEHICLE CROSSES THROUGH A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
TY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH
THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND SUCH OBLIGATION IS
S. 492--A 4
EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THE CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING
SYSTEM; OR (II) THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL INCUR AN OBLIGATION TO PAY
A TOLL WHEN SUCH VEHICLE CROSSES A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY WITHOUT AN
OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND IS IDENTIFIED BY A CASHLESS TOLLING MONI-
TORING SYSTEM.
(B) THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A CIVIL PENALTY IMPOSED
PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH OWNER INCURRED AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A
TOLL AND FAILS TO TIMELY PAY OR RESPOND TO SUCH TOLL IN THE MANNER SET
FORTH IN THE TOLL BILL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE
LIABLE FOR PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PENALTIES SET FORTH HEREIN.
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY
IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS
BEEN CONVICTED OF A VIOLATION OF TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS FOR THE
SAME INCIDENT.
5. TOLL BILLS AND NOTICES OF VIOLATION. (A) TOLL BILL. THE PUBLIC
AUTHORITY SHALL WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF AN OWNER INCURRING AN OBLIGATION
TO PAY A TOLL SEND A TOLL BILL BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL TO SUCH OWNER. (I)
WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF THE TOLL BILL THE OWNER SHALL (A)
PAY THE TOLL, WITHOUT LIABILITY FOR ANY PENALTY, OR (B) CONTEST SUCH
TOLL BILL. (II) THE TOLL BILL SHALL INCLUDE: (A) THE DATE, TIME,
LOCATION, LICENSE PLATE NUMBER AND VEHICLE REGISTRATION FOR EACH TOLL;
(B) THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF THE TOLL DUE; (C) THE DATE BY WHICH THE TOLL
MUST BE PAID; (D) THE ADDRESS FOR RECEIPT OF PAYMENT AND METHODS OF
PAYMENT FOR SUCH TOLL BILL; (E) THE PROCEDURE FOR CONTESTING ANY TOLL;
(F) INFORMATION RELATED TO THE FAILURE TO TIMELY PAY OR RESPOND TO A
TOLL BILL; (G) THE WEBSITE ADDRESS OR HYPERLINK FOR THE OWNER TO ACCESS
TIME-STAMPED PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOOTAGE OF EACH TOLL INCURRED; AND (H) ANY
OTHER INFORMATION REQUIRED BY LAW OR BY THE AUTHORITY. IF AN AUTHORITY
FAILS TO SEND A TOLL BILL AS SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION, THE OWNER SHALL
NOT BE LIABLE FOR PAYMENT OF THE TOLLS, OR ANY PENALTY.
(B) SECOND TOLL BILL. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO RESPOND TO A TOLL BILL
WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF SUCH TOLL BILL, THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
TY SHALL SEND A SECOND TOLL BILL BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL WITHIN THIRTY DAYS
OF THE DATE THE OWNER WAS REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO SUCH TOLL BILL. SUCH
SECOND TOLL BILL MAY INCLUDE A PENALTY FOR LATE PAYMENT, WHICH SHALL NOT
EXCEED FIVE DOLLARS AND SHALL INCLUDE ALL OF THE INFORMATION REQUIRED
FOR A TOLL BILL PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION. WITHIN
THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF THE SECOND TOLL BILL THE OWNER SHALL (I)
PAY THE ASSESSED TOLL AND ANY PENALTY PROVIDED IN SUCH NOTICE, OR (II)
CONTEST TOLL BILL.
(C) NOTICE OF VIOLATION. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO RESPOND TO A SECOND TOLL
BILL WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF SUCH SECOND TOLL BILL, THE
PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL SEND BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL A NOTICE OF VIOLATION
WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE DATE THE OWNER WAS REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO SUCH
SECOND TOLL BILL. (I) THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE: (A) THE
DATE, TIME, LOCATION, LICENSE PLATE NUMBER AND VEHICLE REGISTRATION FOR
EACH TOLL; (B) THE ASSESSED TOLL AND THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ALL OUTSTANDING
TOLLS AND PENALTIES AS AUTHORIZED BY THIS SECTION; (C) THE DATE BY WHICH
PAYMENT OF SUCH AMOUNTS ARE DUE; (D) THE ADDRESS FOR RECEIPT OF PAYMENT
AND METHODS OF PAYMENT FOR THE AMOUNTS DUE; (E) THE PROCEDURE FOR
CONTESTING ANY SUCH AMOUNTS; (F) INFORMATION RELATED TO THE FAILURE TO
TIMELY PAY OR RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF VIOLATION; (G) THE WEBSITE ADDRESS
OR HYPERLINK FOR THE OWNER TO ACCESS TIME-STAMPED PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOOTAGE
OF EACH TOLL INCURRED; AND (H) ANY OTHER INFORMATION REQUIRED BY LAW OR
BY THE AUTHORITY. THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION MAY INCLUDE A PENALTY WHICH
SHALL BE TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS OR TWO TIMES THE TOLL EVADED, WHICHEVER IS
S. 492--A 5
GREATER. IF THE AUTHORITY FAILS TO SEND A TIMELY NOTICE OF VIOLATION AS
SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION, THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR PAYMENT OF
THE ALLEGED TOLLS OR ANY PENALTY. (II) THE OWNER SHALL HAVE THIRTY DAYS
FROM THE DATE SUCH NOTICE OF VIOLATION WAS SENT TO (A) PAY THE ASSESSED
TOLL AND PENALTIES, OR (B) CONTEST THE NOTICE. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO
RESPOND TO THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION, THE OWNER SHALL BE LIABLE FOR THE
ASSESSED TOLL AND ANY PENALTY AS PROVIDED IN SUCH NOTICE.
(D) ELECTRONIC NOTICE. ANY TOLL BILL REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION TO BE
SENT BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL MAY INSTEAD BE SENT BY ELECTRONIC MEANS OF
COMMUNICATION UPON THE AFFIRMATIVE CONSENT OF THE OWNER IN A FORM
PRESCRIBED BY THE AUTHORITY. PROVIDED THAT, NOTWITHSTANDING THIS SUBDI-
VISION, A TOLL BILL SENT BY ELECTRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION SHALL BE
SENT WITHIN SEVENTY-TWO HOURS OF AN OWNER INCURRING AN OBLIGATION TO PAY
A TOLL. ANY NOTICE OF VIOLATION REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION TO BE SENT BY
FIRST-CLASS MAIL MAY IN ADDITION TO FIRST-CLASS MAIL BE SENT BY ELEC-
TRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION UPON THE AFFIRMATIVE CONSENT OF THE OWNER
IN A FORM PRESCRIBED BY THE AUTHORITY. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS
SHALL BE SUFFICIENT RECORD OF ELECTRONIC NOTICE. ANY AFFIRMATIVE CONSENT
TO RECEIVE A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION BY ELECTRONIC MEANS SHALL
BE REVOCABLE BY THE OWNER AT ANY TIME WITH NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
TY OR ITS AGENT AND SHALL AUTOMATICALLY BE DEEMED REVOKED IF THE AUTHOR-
ITY OR ITS AGENT IS UNABLE TO DELIVER TWO CONSECUTIVE NOTICES BY ELEC-
TRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION.
6. PROCEDURE TO CONTEST. (A) EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A
CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM, AND TOLLS
BY MAIL PROGRAM SHALL PROMULGATE REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING A PROCEDURE BY
WHICH A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE FOR THE PAYMENT OF A TOLL OR A
VIOLATION MAY (I) CONTEST SUCH ALLEGED LIABILITY, (II) SUBMIT THE
CONTEST TO A HEARING, AND (III) HAVE THE RIGHT TO APPEAL.
(B) EVERY TOLL BILL AND NOTICE OF VIOLATION SHALL ON ITS FACE ADVISE
THE OWNER OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH TO CONTEST THE TOLL OR ANY
VIOLATION AND ALSO CONTAIN A WARNING THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST IN THE
MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF LIABILITY AND
THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
7. ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY. ADJUDICATION OF AN OWNER'S LIABILITY
SHALL BE BY THE ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION OVER THE CASHLESS TOLLING
FACILITY OR, WHERE AUTHORIZED, BY AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL; AND ALL
SUCH LIABILITY DETERMINATIONS SHALL BE HEARD AND DETERMINED EITHER: (A)
IN THE COUNTY IN WHICH THE OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL THROUGH THE CASHLESS
TOLLING PROGRAM WAS ALLEGED TO OCCUR, OR (B) WHERE THE TOLL IS ALLEGED
TO HAVE BEEN INCURRED IN NEW YORK CITY AND, UPON THE CONSENT OF BOTH
PARTIES, IN ANY COUNTY WITHIN NEW YORK CITY IN WHICH THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
TY OPERATES OR MAINTAINS A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY. SUCH ADJUDICATIONS
SHALL BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN THE SAME MANNER AS CHARGES OF OTHER
REGULATORY VIOLATIONS OF SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY OR PURSUANT TO THE RULES
AND REGULATIONS OF SUCH ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL AS THE CASE MAY BE.
8. EVIDENCE OF OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL OR VIOLATION. (A) A CERTIF-
ICATE SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY AN AGENT OF THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY WHICH
CHARGED THAT A LIABILITY FOR AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL OR A VIOLATION
HAS BEEN INCURRED, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF BASED UPON INSPECTION OF
RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL
BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN AND SHALL BE
ADMISSIBLE IN ANY PROCEEDING CHARGING A LIABILITY FOR A TOLL OR A
VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
S. 492--A 6
(B) ANY SUCH RECORDED IMAGES AND CERTIFICATE EVIDENCING SUCH LIABILITY
SHALL BE AVAILABLE TO THE OWNER UPON REQUEST FOR INSPECTION AND ADMIS-
SION INTO EVIDENCE IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE SUCH LIABILITY.
(C) ANY LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE BASED UPON
A PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE AS SUBMITTED.
9. DEFENSES. IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
FOR A TOLL AND/OR VIOLATION THAT:
(A) THE VEHICLE WAS NOT USED OR OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION
OR THE REGULATIONS PROMULGATED HEREUNDER;
(B) THE VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE
OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED;
(C) THE RECIPIENT OF A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION WAS NOT THE
OWNER OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME THE OBLIGATION TO PAY THE TOLL
OCCURRED;
(D) THE VEHICLE HAD BEEN STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE OBLIGATION WAS
INCURRED AND WAS NOT IN THE POSSESSION OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME THE
OBLIGATION WAS INCURRED. FOR THE PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THIS DEFENSE, IT
SHALL BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE
STOLEN VEHICLE IS SUBMITTED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY, COURT OR OTHER
ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION;
(E) THE VEHICLE HAD BEEN LEASED AT THE TIME THE OBLIGATION WAS
INCURRED. FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSERTING THIS DEFENSE, IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
CIENT THAT A COPY OF THE RENTAL LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT COVER-
ING THE VEHICLE ON THE DATE AND TIME THE TOLL WAS INCURRED IS SUBMITTED
TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY, COURT OR OTHER ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION WITH-
IN THIRTY DAYS OF THE LESSOR RECEIVING THE ORIGINAL TOLL BILL OR NOTICE
OF VIOLATION. SUCH DOCUMENT SHALL INCLUDE THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
LESSEE. FAILURE TO TIMELY SUBMIT SUCH INFORMATION SHALL CONSTITUTE A
WAIVER OF THIS DEFENSE. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
THIS SECTION, THE LESSEE SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF THE VEHICLE
FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY PURSUANT
TO THIS SECTION, PROVIDED THAT THE AUTHORITY MAILS A TOLL BILL TO THE
LESSEE WITHIN TEN DAYS AFTER THE COURT OR OTHER ENTITY HAVING JURISDIC-
TION, DEEMS THE LESSEE TO BE THE OWNER.
10. FINDING OF VIOLATION. (A) ANY LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE
MADE PART OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATING RECORD, MAINTAINED BY THE
COMMISSIONER OF MOTOR VEHICLES PURSUANT TO THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW,
OF THE PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE USED
FOR INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE
COVERAGE.
(B) NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY OTHER LAW, ORDER, RULE OR
REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, NO REGISTRATION OF ANY NON-COMMERCIAL MOTOR
VEHICLE MAY BE SUSPENDED, REVOKED OR DENIED RENEWAL RESULTING FROM AN
OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY AS DESCRIBED IN
THIS SECTION AND THE COMMISSIONER OF MOTOR VEHICLES SHALL NOT SUSPEND,
REVOKE OR DENY RENEWAL OF THE REGISTRATION OF A NON-COMMERCIAL MOTOR
VEHICLE RESULTING FROM AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL AT A CASHLESS TOLLING
FACILITY AS DESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION UNLESS SUCH OWNER IS FOUND LIABLE
FOR FAILURE TO PAY OR RESPOND TO FIVE OR MORE NOTICES OF UNRELATED TOLL
BILLS OR IS LIABLE FOR NO LESS THAN ONE HUNDRED FIFTY DOLLARS IN
OUTSTANDING TOLL BILLS WITHIN AN EIGHTEEN MONTH PERIOD.
11. INDEMNIFICATION. ANY OWNER WHO IS FOUND LIABLE PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION WHO WAS NOT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME THE OBLI-
GATION TO PAY THE TOLL WAS INCURRED MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNI-
FICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR.
S. 492--A 7
12. DATA PROTECTION. (A) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW,
ALL IMAGES, VIDEOS AND OTHER RECORDED IMAGES COLLECTED BY THE AUTHORITY
PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF SUCH AUTHORI-
TY IN THE DISCHARGE OF ITS DUTIES UNDER THIS SECTION AND SHALL NOT BE
OPEN TO THE PUBLIC NOR BE USED IN ANY COURT IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING
PENDING THEREIN UNLESS SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATES TO THE IMPOSI-
TION OF OR INDEMNIFICATION FOR LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
(B) THE AUTHORITY, INCLUDING ANY SUBSIDIARY OR CONTRACTOR INVOLVED IN
IMPLEMENTING OR OPERATING AN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM OR TOLLS
BY MAIL PROGRAM, SHALL NOT SELL, DISTRIBUTE OR MAKE AVAILABLE IN ANY
WAY, THE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF ANY OWNER THAT PARTICIPATES IN THE TOLLS
BY MAIL PROGRAM, PROVIDED THAT THE FOREGOING RESTRICTION SHALL NOT BE
DEEMED TO PRECLUDE THE EXCHANGE OF SUCH INFORMATION BETWEEN ANY ENTITIES
WITH JURISDICTION OVER OR OPERATING OF A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY FOR
THE PURPOSE OF ADMINISTERING SUCH TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM.
13. DISPLAY OF TOLL CHARGES. ANY TOLL THAT WILL BE CHARGED FOR THE
USAGE OF ANY BRIDGE, TUNNEL, ROAD, OR ANY OTHER ENTITY BY A PASSENGER
MOTOR VEHICLE SHALL BE DISPLAYED CONSPICUOUSLY AND PROMINENTLY ON
SIGNAGE OF A REASONABLE SIZE IN A MANNER REASONABLY CALCULATED TO
PROVIDE AMPLE AND ADEQUATE NOTICE.
14. DEBT COLLECTION. (A) ON OR AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS
SECTION, NO PUBLIC AUTHORITY WHICH OPERATES A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY
SHALL SELL OR TRANSFER ANY DEBT OWED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY BY AN OWNER
FOR A VIOLATION OF TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS TO A DEBT COLLECTION
AGENCY UNLESS ONE YEAR HAS PASSED FROM THE DATE THE OWNER WAS FOUND
LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
SUCH DEBT, OR THE OWNER HAS A TOTAL DEBT OWED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY OF
FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS OR MORE. THE AUTHORITY SHALL NOT SELL OR TRANSFER
ANY DEBT TO A DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY UNLESS SUCH AUTHORITY HAS FIRST
OBTAINED A DEFAULT JUDGMENT IN A COURT OR ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL WITH
JURISDICTION OVER THE ASSESSED TOLL.
(B) A NOTICE SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL ADVISING THE OWNER THAT
THE DEBT DESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE SOLD OR
TRANSFERRED BY THE AUTHORITY TO A DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY ON A SPECIFIED
DATE NO LESS THAN THIRTY DAYS PRIOR TO SUCH SALE OR TRANSFER.
15. INSTALLMENT PAYMENT PLAN. EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A
CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM, AND TOLLS
BY MAIL PROGRAM SHALL PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS THAT ESTABLISH AN
INSTALLMENT PAYMENT PLAN FOR THE PAYMENT OF ANY TOLL AND PENALTY
INCURRED AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY. INFORMATION RELATED TO SUCH
PLAN SHALL BE INCLUDED IN ANY TOLL BILL AND ANY NOTICE OF VIOLATION AND
SHALL BE DISPLAYED CONSPICUOUSLY ON THE AUTHORITIES' WEBSITES. EACH
OWNER, AT HIS OR HER ELECTION, MAY PARTICIPATE IN SUCH PLAN. THE PUBLIC
AUTHORITY SHALL NOT CHARGE ANY ADDITIONAL FEES OR PENALTIES FOR ENROLL-
MENT IN A PAYMENT PLAN.
16. ANNUAL REPORT. EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION TWO OF THIS SECTION SHALL SUBMIT AN
ANNUAL REPORT ON THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPO-
RARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY AND POST ON
ITS WEBSITE ON OR BEFORE THE FIRST DAY OF JUNE SUCCEEDING THE EFFECTIVE
DATE OF THIS SECTION AND ON THE SAME DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN
WHICH THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE,
BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO:
(A) THE LOCATIONS WHERE VEHICLE SENSORS FOR CASHLESS TOLLING MONITOR-
ING SYSTEMS WERE USED;
S. 492--A 8
(B) THE AGGREGATE NUMBER OF TOLLS PAID AT THE LOCATIONS WHERE CASHLESS
TOLLING FACILITIES WERE USED, INCLUDING BOTH THROUGH THE USE OF AN OPER-
ABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND THROUGH THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM;
(C) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR TOLL THROUGH THE TOLLS BY
MAIL PROGRAM;
(D) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR TOLL UPON RECEIPT OF THE
FIRST TOLL BILL;
(E) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR TOLL UPON RECEIPT OF THE
SECOND TOLL BILL;
(F) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT WERE CHARGED A FIVE DOLLAR FEE FOR LATE
PAYMENT AND THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF FEES FOR LATE PAYMENT COLLECTED BY
THE AUTHORITY;
(G) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT WERE CHARGED A PENALTY, THE AMOUNT OF
THE PENALTY CHARGED TO OWNERS AND THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF PENALTIES
COLLECTED BY THE AUTHORITY;
(H) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT DISPUTED THE TOLL BILL, THE NUMBER OF
OWNERS THAT SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED SUCH TOLL BILL AND AN ITEMIZED BREAK-
DOWN OF THE REASONS FOR SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED TOLLS;
(I) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT DISPUTED THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION AND THE
NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED SUCH NOTICE OF VIOLATION;
(J) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR TOLL UPON RECEIPT OF THE
NOTICE OF VIOLATION;
(K) THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF PENALTIES CHARGED TO OWNERS;
(L) A COPY OF ALL REGULATIONS THE REPORTING AUTHORITY PROMULGATED
PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION;
(M) THE NUMBER OF TOLLS ADJUDICATED BY EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY AND
COURT, INCLUDING ANY APPEAL OF SUCH ADJUDICATIONS, AND THE RESULTS OF
ALL ADJUDICATIONS INCLUDING BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS MADE FOR TOLLS
RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
(N) THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH AUTHORITY FROM SUCH
ADJUDICATIONS;
(O) EXPENSES INCURRED BY SUCH AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE TOLLS
BY MAIL PROGRAM;
(P) THE NATURE OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS; AND
(Q) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS WHOSE TOLL BILLS AND VIOLATION NOTICES WERE
RETURNED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY AS UNDELIVERABLE.
§ 4. a. Within 90 days of the effective date of this act, the Tribor-
ough Bridge and Tunnel Authority organized pursuant to section 552 of
the public authorities law shall implement an amnesty program for non-
commercial motor vehicles owned by persons who, with respect to any toll
obligation incurred on or after November 1, 2016 and before May 1, 2022
at a cashless tolling facility operated by the authority, owe tolls,
fines, fees, or penalties exceeding the schedule established pursuant to
section 2985-a of the public authorities law; have been referred to a
debt collection agency; or (3) have had their vehicle registration
suspended. Such amnesty program shall be at least eight weeks in dura-
tion and shall provide that upon an owner's payment or contesting the
outstanding toll balance during the amnesty period the authority shall
waive all fees, fines, and penalties associated with the outstanding
toll balance, and the authority shall advise the commissioner of motor
vehicles, in such form and manner that such commissioner shall have
prescribed, that such person has responded and any registration suspen-
sion shall be rescinded.
b. The Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority shall undertake a public
awareness campaign for such amnesty program, maintain a public website
for any person to obtain information on any outstanding tolls and no
S. 492--A 9
later than 30 days preceding the commencement of the amnesty period,
notify by first-class mail all persons with outstanding toll balances of
their eligibility for the amnesty program. The authority shall provide
for sufficient methods to pay the outstanding toll balances, including
but not limited to, by phone, by mail, or through the internet.
§ 5. Subdivision 8 of section 402 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by chapter 451 of the laws of 2021, is amended and a new section
402-b is added to read as follows:
8. A violation of this section shall be punishable by a fine of not
less than twenty-five nor more than two hundred dollars, except that a
violation of subparagraph (ii) or subparagraph (iii) of paragraph (b) of
subdivision one of this section shall be punishable by a fine of not
less than fifty nor more than three hundred dollars AND SHALL BE SUBJECT
TO THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION FOUR HUNDRED TWO-B OF THIS ARTICLE AND
SUBDIVISION FOUR-H OF SECTION FIVE HUNDRED TEN OF THIS CHAPTER.
§ 402-B. OBSCURED AND OBSTRUCTED LICENSE PLATES; SEIZURE AND REMOVAL
PROCEDURES. 1. (A) UPON MAKING AN ARREST OR UPON ISSUING A SUMMONS OR AN
APPEARANCE TICKET FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OR SUBPARAGRAPH
(III) OF PARAGRAPH (B) OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION FOUR HUNDRED TWO OF
THIS ARTICLE COMMITTED IN HIS OR HER PRESENCE, AN OFFICER MAY REMOVE OR
ARRANGE FOR THE REMOVAL OF ANY COVERING OR COATING WITH ANY ARTIFICIAL
OR SYNTHETIC MATERIAL OR SUBSTANCE AFFIXED OVER THE NUMBER PLATES
WHICH CONCEALS OR OBSCURES THE ABILITY TO EASILY READ SUCH NUMBER PLATES
OR THAT DISTORTS OR OBSTRUCTS A RECORDED OR PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE. THE
OWNER OF THE VEHICLE WHO SUCH NUMBER PLATES WERE ISSUED TO SHALL HAVE
ONE WEEK FROM THE DATE SUCH VIOLATION IS ISSUED TO REMOVE ANY ARTIFICIAL
OR SYNTHETIC MATERIAL OR SUBSTANCE THAT CONCEALS OR OBSCURES SUCH
NUMBER PLATES OR TO PURCHASE NEW NUMBER PLATES. A SUMMONS SHALL NOT BE
ISSUED IF, IN THE DISCRETION AND AT THE REQUEST OF SUCH OFFICER, THE
DEFECT IS CORRECTED IN THE PRESENCE OF SUCH OFFICER. THE REFUSAL OF A
POLICE OFFICER TO PERMIT THE REPAIR OF ANY DEFECT IN HIS OR HER PRESENCE
SHALL NOT BE REVIEWABLE, AND SHALL NOT BE A DEFENSE TO ANY VIOLATION
CHARGED IN A SUMMONS ISSUED PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION.
(B) ANY COMPLAINT ISSUED FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OR
SUBPARAGRAPH (III) OF PARAGRAPH (B) OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION FOUR
HUNDRED TWO OF THIS ARTICLE IN WHICH THE COATING OR COVERING WAS NOT
SEIZED MAY BE DISMISSED BY THE COURT BEFORE WHICH THE SUMMONS IS RETURN-
ABLE IF THE VIOLATION AS SET FORTH IN THE SUMMONS IS CORRECTED NOT LATER
THAN ONE-HALF HOUR AFTER SUNSET ON THE FIRST FULL BUSINESS DAY AFTER THE
ISSUANCE OF THE SUMMONS AND PROOF OF SUCH CORRECTION IS SUBMITTED TO THE
COURT. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION, "BUSINESS DAY" SHALL MEAN
ANY CALENDAR DAY EXCEPT SATURDAY AND SUNDAY, OR THE FOLLOWING BUSINESS
HOLIDAYS: NEW YEAR'S DAY, WASHINGTON'S BIRTHDAY, MEMORIAL DAY, INDEPEND-
ENCE DAY, LABOR DAY, COLUMBUS DAY, VETERANS' DAY, THANKSGIVING DAY, AND
CHRISTMAS DAY.
2. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION:
(A) THE TERM "OWNER" SHALL MEAN AN OWNER AS DEFINED IN SECTION ONE
HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHT AND IN SUBDIVISION THREE OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED
EIGHTY-EIGHT OF THIS CHAPTER.
(B) THE TERM "TERMINATION OF THE PROCEEDING" SHALL MEAN THE EARLIEST
OF (I) THIRTY-ONE DAYS FOLLOWING THE IMPOSITION OF SENTENCE; OR (II) THE
DATE OF ACQUITTAL OF A PERSON ARRESTED FOR AN OFFENSE OR DATE OF
DISMISSAL OF A COMPLAINT; OR (III) WHERE LEAVE TO FILE NEW CHARGES OR TO
RESUBMIT THE CASE IS REQUIRED AND HAS NOT BEEN GRANTED, THIRTY-ONE DAYS
FOLLOWING THE DISMISSAL OF THE LAST ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT FILED IN THE
CASE, OR, IF APPLICABLE, UPON EXPIRATION OF THE TIME GRANTED BY THE
S. 492--A 10
COURT OR TRIBUNAL OR PERMITTED BY STATUTE FOR FILING NEW CHARGES OR
RESUBMITTING THE CASE; OR (IV) WHERE LEAVE TO FILE NEW CHARGES OR TO
RESUBMIT THE CASE IS NOT REQUIRED, THIRTY-ONE DAYS FOLLOWING THE
DISMISSAL OF THE LAST ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT FILED IN THE CASE, OR, IF
APPLICABLE, UPON EXPIRATION OF THE TIME GRANTED BY THE COURT OR PERMIT-
TED BY STATUTE FOR FILING NEW CHARGES OR RESUBMITTING THE CASE; OR (V)
THE DATE WHEN, PRIOR TO THE FILING OF AN ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT AGAINST A
PERSON CHARGED WITH A VIOLATION OF SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OR SUBPARAGRAPH
(III) OF PARAGRAPH (B) OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION FOUR HUNDRED TWO OF
THIS ARTICLE, THE PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ELECTS NOT TO PROSECUTE SUCH
PERSON.
3. ANY COVERING OR COATING WITH ANY ARTIFICIAL OR SYNTHETIC MATERIAL
OR SUBSTANCE AFFIXED OVER THE NUMBER PLATES WHICH CONCEALS OR OBSCURES
THE ABILITY TO EASILY READ SUCH NUMBER PLATES OR THAT DISTORTS OR
OBSTRUCTS A RECORDED OR PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE WHICH HAS BEEN OR IS BEING
USED IN VIOLATION OF SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OR SUBPARAGRAPH (III) OF PARA-
GRAPH (B) OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION FOUR HUNDRED TWO OF THIS ARTICLE
MAY BE SEIZED BY ANY PEACE OFFICER, ACTING PURSUANT TO HIS OR HER
SPECIAL DUTIES, OR POLICE OFFICER, AND FORFEITED AS HEREINAFTER PROVIDED
IN THIS SECTION.
4. ANY COVERING OR COATING WITH ANY ARTIFICIAL OR SYNTHETIC MATERIAL
OR SUBSTANCE AFFIXED OVER THE NUMBER PLATES WHICH CONCEALS OR OBSCURES
THE ABILITY TO EASILY READ SUCH NUMBER PLATES OR THAT DISTORTS OR
OBSTRUCTS A RECORDED OR PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE MAY BE SEIZED UPON SERVICE OF
A NOTICE OF VIOLATION UPON THE OWNER OR OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE. THE
SEIZED COVERING OR COATING SHALL BE DELIVERED BY THE OFFICER HAVING MADE
THE SEIZURE TO THE CUSTODY OF THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY OF THE COUNTY WHERE-
IN THE SEIZURE WAS MADE, EXCEPT THAT IN THE CITIES OF NEW YORK, YONKERS,
ROCHESTER AND BUFFALO THE SEIZED COVERING OR COATING SHALL BE DELIVERED
TO THE CUSTODY OF THE POLICE DEPARTMENT OF SUCH CITIES AND SUCH COVERING
OR COATING SEIZED BY A MEMBER OR MEMBERS OF THE STATE POLICE SHALL BE
DELIVERED TO THE CUSTODY OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE, TOGETHER
WITH A REPORT OF ALL THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE SEIZURE. WITHIN
ONE BUSINESS DAY AFTER THE SEIZURE, NOTICE OF SUCH VIOLATION AND A COPY
OF THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION SHALL BE MAILED TO THE OWNER OF THE MOTOR
VEHICLE ON WHICH THE COVERING OR COATING WAS AFFIXED AT THE ADDRESS FOR
SUCH OWNER SET FORTH IN THE RECORDS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF
MOTOR VEHICLES OR, FOR VEHICLES NOT REGISTERED IN NEW YORK STATE, SUCH
EQUIVALENT RECORD IN SUCH STATE OF REGISTRATION.
5. (A) THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, IN SEIZURES BY MEMBERS OF THE STATE
POLICE, OR THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY OF THE COUNTY WHEREIN THE SEIZURE IS
MADE IF ELSEWHERE THAN IN THE CITIES OF NEW YORK, YONKERS, ROCHESTER OR
BUFFALO, OR WHERE THE SEIZURE IS MADE IN SUCH CITIES THE CORPORATION
COUNSEL OF THE CITY, SHALL INQUIRE INTO THE FACTS OF THE SEIZURE SO
REPORTED TO HIM OR HER. IF IT APPEARS THAT THERE IS A BASIS FOR THE
COMMENCEMENT AND PROSECUTION OF A CRIME OR TRAFFIC INFRACTION PURSUANT
TO THIS SECTION, THE COVERING OR COATING WHICH IS THE SUBJECT OF SUCH
PROCEEDINGS SHALL REMAIN IN THE CUSTODY OF SUCH DISTRICT ATTORNEY,
POLICE DEPARTMENT OR SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE, AS APPLICABLE,
PENDING THE FINAL DETERMINATION OF SUCH PROCEEDINGS.
(B) TO THE EXTENT APPLICABLE, THE PROCEDURES OF ARTICLE THIRTEEN-A OF
THE CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES SHALL GOVERN PROCEEDINGS AND ACTIONS
UNDER THIS SECTION.
6. NOTICE OF THE SEIZURE OF THE COVERING OR COATING SHALL BE SERVED BY
PERSONAL SERVICE PURSUANT TO THE CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES UPON ALL
OWNERS OF THE SEIZED MOTOR VEHICLE LISTED IN THE RECORDS MAINTAINED BY
S. 492--A 11
THE DEPARTMENT, OR FOR VEHICLES NOT REGISTERED IN NEW YORK STATE, IN THE
RECORDS MAINTAINED BY THE STATE OF REGISTRATION.
7. NO ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION FOR WRONGFUL SEIZURE SHALL BE INSTI-
TUTED UNLESS SUCH ACTION IS COMMENCED WITHIN TWO YEARS AFTER THE TIME
WHEN THE COATING OR COVERING WAS SEIZED.
8. THE MUNICIPAL POLICE TRAINING COUNCIL AS ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO
ARTICLE THIRTY-FIVE OF THE EXECUTIVE LAW, AND THE SUPERINTENDENT OF
STATE POLICE, MAY DEVELOP, MAINTAIN AND DISSEMINATE, A MODEL LAW
ENFORCEMENT PROPERTY DISPOSAL POLICY SETTING FORTH RECOMMENDED POLICIES
AND PROCEDURES REGARDING DISPOSAL OF COATINGS OR COVERINGS SEIZED PURSU-
ANT TO THIS SECTION.
§ 6. Section 510 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
new subdivision 4-h to read as follows:
4-H. SUSPENSION OF REGISTRATION FOR FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH REMOVING
ANY ARTIFICIAL OR SYNTHETIC MATERIAL OR SUBSTANCE THAT CONCEALS OR
OBSCURES NUMBER PLATES OR THE PURCHASE OF NEW NUMBER PLATES. UPON THE
RECEIPT OF A NOTIFICATION FROM A COURT OR AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
THAT AN OWNER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE FAILED TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
SECTION FOUR HUNDRED TWO-B OF THIS CHAPTER, THE COMMISSIONER OR HIS OR
HER AGENT SHALL SUSPEND THE REGISTRATION OF THE VEHICLE INVOLVED IN THE
VIOLATION AND SUCH SUSPENSION SHALL REMAIN IN EFFECT UNTIL SUCH TIME AS
THE COMMISSIONER IS ADVISED THAT THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS SATISFIED
THE REQUIREMENTS OF SUCH SECTION.
§ 7. This act shall take effect on the one hundred twentieth day after
it shall have become a law; provided, however that sections two, three,
five and six of this act shall expire 5 years after such effective date
when upon such date such provisions of such sections shall be deemed
repealed. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal
of any rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of this act
on its effective date are authorized to be made and completed on or
before such effective date.
