causes economic harm to the employer or principal in an amount exceeding
two hundred fifty dollars].
Commercial bribe receiving in the first degree is a class E felony.
§ 3. Subdivisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7-c, 8 and 9 of section 155.00
of the penal law, subdivision 1 as amended by chapter 353 of the laws of
2023, subdivision 6 as added by chapter 791 of the laws of 1967, subdi-
vision 7 as added by chapter 115 of the laws of 1969, subdivision 7-c as
amended by chapter 171 of the laws of 1993, subdivision 8 as amended by
chapter 514 of the laws of 1986 and subdivision 9 as added by chapter
530 of the laws of 1975, are amended and a new subdivision 17 is added
to read as follows:
1. "Property" means any money, compensation for labor or services,
personal property, real property, computer data, computer program,
PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION, thing in action, evidence of debt or
contract, or any article, substance or thing of value, including any
gas, steam, water or electricity, which is provided for a charge or
compensation.
2. "Obtain" includes, but is not limited to, the bringing about of a
transfer or purported transfer of property or of a legal interest there-
in, whether to the obtainer or another. WITH REGARD TO PERSONAL IDENTI-
FYING INFORMATION, COMPUTER DATA OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM, OBTAIN INCLUDES
DUPLICATING, RECORDING, COPYING, DOWNLOADING, UPLOADING OR PRINTING OUT
THE INFORMATION, DATA, OR PROGRAM, OR OBTAINING A PHYSICAL OBJECT
CONTAINING SUCH INFORMATION. WITH REGARD TO SERVICE, OBTAIN INCLUDES,
BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, USING OR ACCESSING A SERVICE.
3. "Deprive." To "deprive" another of property means (a) to withhold
it or cause it to be withheld from [him] SUCH PERSON permanently or for
so extended a period or under such circumstances that the major portion
of its economic value or benefit is lost [to him], or (b) to dispose of
the property in such manner or under such circumstances as to render it
unlikely that an owner will recover such property. WHEN THE PROPERTY IS
PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION, COMPUTER DATA OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM,
TO DEPRIVE ANOTHER OF IT MEANS TO OBTAIN IT OR CAUSE A THIRD PERSON TO
OBTAIN IT UNDER SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES THAT A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF THE
ECONOMIC BENEFIT OR VALUE OF HAVING CONTROL OVER IT OR AUTHORITY OVER
ITS USE IS LOST TO AN OWNER. TO DEPRIVE ANOTHER OF SERVICE IS TO USE OR
ACCESS A SERVICE OR CAUSE A THIRD PERSON TO USE OR ACCESS A SERVICE
UNDER SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES THAT SOME OF THE ECONOMIC BENEFIT OR VALUE OF
HAVING CONTROL OR AUTHORITY OVER PROVIDING THE SERVICE IS LOST TO AN
OWNER.
4. "Appropriate." To "appropriate" property of another to oneself or a
third person means (a) to exercise control over it, or to aid a third
person to exercise control over it, permanently or for so extended a
period or under such circumstances as to acquire the major portion of
its economic value or benefit, or (b) to dispose of the property for the
benefit of oneself or a third person. WHEN THE PROPERTY IS PERSONAL
IDENTIFYING INFORMATION, COMPUTER DATA OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM OF ANOTHER,
TO APPROPRIATE IT TO ONESELF OR A THIRD PERSON MEANS TO OBTAIN IT UNDER
SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES AS TO ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO USE IT OR DISPOSE OF IT
TO THE ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF ONESELF OR A THIRD PERSON OR TO THE ECONOMIC
DETRIMENT OR DAMAGE OF AN OWNER. TO APPROPRIATE A SERVICE PROVIDED BY
ANOTHER TO ONESELF OR A THIRD PERSON MEANS TO USE OR ACCESS THE SERVICE
UNDER SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES AS TO ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO USE IT TO THE
ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF ONESELF OR A THIRD PERSON OR TO THE ECONOMIC DETRI-
MENT OR DAMAGE OF AN OWNER.
A. 1275 3
5. "Owner." When property OR SERVICE is taken, obtained or withheld by
one person from another person, an "owner" thereof means any person who
has a right to possession [thereof] OF THE PROPERTY OR A RIGHT TO
PROVIDE THE SERVICE superior to that of the taker, obtainer or withhold-
er.
A person who has obtained possession of property OR SERVICE by theft
or other illegal means shall be deemed to have a right of possession OF
THE PROPERTY OR A RIGHT TO PROVIDE THE SERVICE superior to that of a
person who takes, obtains or withholds it from [him] SUCH PERSON by
larcenous means.
A joint or common owner of property shall not be deemed to have a
right of possession thereto superior to that of any other joint or
common owner thereof.
In the absence of a specific agreement to the contrary, a person in
lawful possession of property shall be deemed to have a right of
possession superior to that of a person having only a security interest
therein, even if legal title lies with the holder of the security inter-
est pursuant to a conditional sale contract or other security agreement.
6. "Secret scientific material" means a sample, culture, micro-organ-
ism, specimen, record, recording, document, drawing or any other arti-
cle, material, device or substance which constitutes, represents,
evidences, reflects, or records a scientific or technical process,
invention or formula or any part or phase thereof, and which is not, and
is not intended to be, available to anyone other than the person or
persons rightfully in possession thereof or selected persons having
access thereto with [his or] their consent, and when it accords or may
accord such rightful possessors an advantage over competitors or other
persons who do not have knowledge or the benefit thereof.
7. ["Credit card" means any instrument or article defined as a credit
card in section five hundred eleven of the general business law.
7-c. "Access device" means any telephone calling card number, credit
card number, account number, mobile identification number, electronic
serial number or personal identification number that can be used to
obtain telephone service.] "PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION" MEANS A
PERSON'S DATE OF BIRTH, DRIVER'S LICENSE NUMBER, SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER,
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCOUNT NUMBER OR
CODE, SAVINGS ACCOUNT NUMBER OR CODE, CHECKING ACCOUNT NUMBER OR CODE,
BROKERAGE ACCOUNT NUMBER OR CODE, CREDIT CARD ACCOUNT NUMBER OR CODE,
DEBIT CARD NUMBER OR CODE, AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE NUMBER OR CODE,
TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, COMPUTER SYSTEM PASSWORD, SIGNATURE OR
COPY OF A SIGNATURE, ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE, UNIQUE BIOMETRIC DATA THAT IS
A FINGERPRINT, VOICE PRINT, RETINAL IMAGE OR IRIS IMAGE, TELEPHONE CALL-
ING CARD NUMBER, MOBILE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OR CODE, ELECTRONIC SERIAL
NUMBER OR PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, OR ANY OTHER NAME, NUMBER,
CODE OR INFORMATION THAT MAY BE USED ALONE OR IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER
SUCH INFORMATION TO ASSUME THE IDENTITY OF ANOTHER PERSON OR ACCESS
FINANCIAL RESOURCES OR CREDIT OF ANOTHER PERSON, OR ANY PHYSICAL OBJECT
CONTAINING SUCH INFORMATION, SUCH AS A PRINTOUT OR OTHER WRITTEN MATERI-
AL, DRIVER'S LICENSE OR OTHER IDENTITY CARD, CREDIT CARD, DEBIT CARD,
PUBLIC BENEFIT CARD, AUTOMATED TELLER OR OTHER TRANSACTIONAL CARD, OR
COMPUTER, HARD DRIVE, OR OTHER DATA STORAGE DEVICE. IN THIS SUBDIVISION,
"PERSON" HAS ALL THE MEANINGS SET FORTH IN SUBDIVISION SEVEN OF SECTION
10.00 OF THIS CHAPTER; "ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE" HAS THE MEANING PROVIDED
IN SUBDIVISION THREE OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED TWO OF THE STATE TECHNOLO-
GY LAW; "CREDIT CARD" AND "DEBIT CARD" HAVE THE MEANINGS PROVIDED IN
SECTION FIVE HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THE GENERAL BUSINESS LAW; "PUBLIC BENEFIT
A. 1275 4
CARD" MEANS ANY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE CARD, FOOD STAMP ASSISTANCE CARD,
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE CARD, OR ANY OTHER IDENTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION CARD
OR ELECTRONIC ACCESS DEVICE ISSUED BY THE STATE OR A SOCIAL SERVICES
DISTRICT AS DEFINED IN SUBDIVISION SEVEN OF SECTION TWO OF THE SOCIAL
SERVICES LAW WHICH ENTITLES A PERSON TO OBTAIN PUBLIC ASSISTANCE BENE-
FITS UNDER A LOCAL, STATE OR FEDERAL PROGRAM ADMINISTERED BY THE STATE,
ITS POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS OR SOCIAL SERVICES DISTRICTS.
8. "Service" includes, but is not limited to, [labor, professional
service,] a computer service, transportation service, TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SERVICE, CABLE OR SATELLITE TELEVISION SERVICE, MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION
SERVICE, THE SUPPLYING OF SERVICE PURSUANT TO A PUBLIC OR GOVERNMENTAL
BENEFIT PROGRAM, INCLUDING HOUSING AND MEDICAL CARE, THE SUPPLYING OF
SERVICE PURSUANT TO AN INSURANCE POLICY OR PROGRAM, the supplying of
hotel accommodations, restaurant services, entertainment, the supplying
of equipment for use, and the supplying of commodities of a public util-
ity nature such as gas, electricity, steam and water. A ticket or equiv-
alent instrument which evidences a right to receive a service is not in
itself service but constitutes property within the meaning of subdivi-
sion one OF THIS SECTION.
9. ["Cable television service" means any and all services provided by
or through the facilities of any cable television system or closed
circuit coaxial cable communications system, or any microwave or similar
transmission service used in connection with any cable television system
or other similar closed circuit coaxial cable communications system.]
"COMPUTER PROGRAM" MEANS AN ORDERED SET OF DATA REPRESENTING CODED
INSTRUCTIONS OR STATEMENTS THAT, WHEN EXECUTED BY COMPUTER, CAUSE THE
COMPUTER TO PROCESS DATA OR DIRECT THE COMPUTER TO PERFORM ONE OR MORE
COMPUTER OPERATIONS OR BOTH AND MAY BE IN ANY FORM, INCLUDING MAGNETIC
STORAGE MEDIA, PUNCHED CARDS, OR STORED INTERNALLY IN THE MEMORY OF THE
COMPUTER.
17. "COMPUTER DATA" MEANS A REPRESENTATION OF INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE,
FACTS, CONCEPTS OR INSTRUCTIONS WHICH ARE BEING PROCESSED, OR HAVE BEEN
PROCESSED IN A COMPUTER AND MAY BE IN ANY FORM, INCLUDING MAGNETIC STOR-
AGE MEDIA, PUNCHED CARDS, OR STORED INTERNALLY IN THE MEMORY OF THE
COMPUTER.
§ 4. Paragraph (l) of subdivision 4 of section 20.40 of the criminal
procedure law, as amended by section 3 of subpart C of part C of chapter
97 of the laws of 2011, is amended to read as follows:
(l) An offense of identity theft or unlawful possession of personal
identifying information, AND ANY OTHER OFFENSE BASED ON THE ALLEGATIONS
UNDERLYING EITHER OF THOSE OFFENSES, and all criminal acts committed as
part of the same criminal transaction as defined in subdivision two of
section 40.10 of this chapter may be prosecuted (i) in any county in
which part of the offense took place regardless of whether the defendant
was actually present in such county, or (ii) in the county in which the
person who suffers financial loss resided at the time of the commission
of the offense, or (iii) in the county where the person whose personal
identifying information was used in the commission of the offense
resided at the time of the commission of the offense. The law enforce-
ment agency of any such county shall take a police report of the matter
and provide the complainant with a copy of such report at no charge.
§ 5. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeed-
ing the date on which it shall have become a law.