S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   7856
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                              April 11, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced by M. of A. LAVINE, JACKSON, SAYEGH -- read once and referred
   to the Committee on Judiciary
 
 AN  ACT  to amend the estates, powers and trusts law and the state tech-
   nology law, in relation to electronic wills
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

   Section  1. Article 3 of the estates, powers and trusts law is amended
 by adding a new part 6 to read as follows:
                         PART 6. ELECTRONIC WILLS
 SECTION 3-6.1 SHORT TITLE
         3-6.2 DEFINITIONS
         3-6.3 LAW APPLICABLE TO ELECTRONIC WILL; PRINCIPLES OF EQUITY
         3-6.4 CHOICE OF LAW REGARDING EXECUTION
         3-6.5 CAUTION TO TESTATOR
         3-6.6 EXECUTION OF ELECTRONIC WILL
         3-6.7 REVOCATION
         3-6.8 ELECTRONIC WILL ATTESTED AND MADE SELF-PROVING AT TIME  OF
                 EXECUTION
         3-6.9 FILING OF AN ELECTRONIC WILL
 § 3-6.1 SHORT TITLE
   THIS PART MAY BE CITED AS THE NEW YORK ELECTRONIC WILLS ACT.
 § 3-6.2 DEFINITIONS
   FOR PURPOSES OF THIS PART THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING
 MEANINGS:
   (A)  "AUDIT  TRAIL  DATA"  MEANS  DATA  ABOUT  THE ACTIVITIES OF DATA,
 INCLUDING  BUT  NOT  LIMITED  TO  THE  ELECTRONIC  WILL'S  CREATION  AND
 EXECUTION.
   (B)  "ELECTRONIC" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING SET FORTH IN SUBDIVISION
 ONE OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED TWO OF THE STATE TECHNOLOGY LAW.
   (C) "ELECTRONIC PRESENCE" MEANS THE RELATIONSHIP OF TWO OR MORE  INDI-
 VIDUALS  IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS COMMUNICATING IN REAL TIME BY ELECTRONIC
 MEANS  TO THE SAME  EXTENT AS IF THE INDIVIDUALS WERE PHYSICALLY PRESENT
 IN THE SAME LOCATION.

  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
              

                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD11569-01-5
 A. 7856                             2
 
   (D) "ELECTRONIC WILL" MEANS A WILL EXECUTED ELECTRONICALLY IN  COMPLI-
 ANCE WITH PARAGRAPH (A) OF SECTION 3-6.6 AND SUBSEQUENTLY FILED WITH THE
 NEW  YORK  STATE  UNIFIED COURT SYSTEM IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 3-6.9.
 THE ORIGINAL ELECTRONIC WILL SHALL CONTAIN AUDIT TRAIL DATA.
   (E)  "RECORD" MEANS INFORMATION THAT IS INSCRIBED ON A TANGIBLE MEDIUM
 OR THAT IS STORED IN AN ELECTRONIC OR OTHER MEDIUM AND IS RETRIEVABLE IN
 PERCEIVABLE FORM.
   (F) "SIGN" MEANS, WITH PRESENT  INTENT  TO  AUTHENTICATE  OR  ADOPT  A
 RECORD:    (1) TO EXECUTE OR ADOPT A TANGIBLE SYMBOL; OR (2) TO AFFIX TO
 OR LOGICALLY ASSOCIATE WITH THE RECORD AN ELECTRONIC SYMBOL OR PROCESS.
   (G) "STATE" MEANS A STATE OF THE UNITED STATES, THE DISTRICT OF COLUM-
 BIA, PUERTO RICO, THE UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS, OR ANY TERRITORY  OR
 INSULAR  POSSESSION  SUBJECT  TO  THE JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
 THE TERM SHALL ALSO INCLUDE A FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED INDIAN TRIBE.
   (H) "WILL" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS IN SECTION 1-2.19.
 § 3-6.3 LAW APPLICABLE TO ELECTRONIC WILL; PRINCIPLES OF EQUITY
   AN ELECTRONIC WILL IS A WILL FOR ALL  PURPOSES  OF  THE  LAW  OF  THIS
 STATE. THE LAW OF THIS STATE APPLICABLE TO WILLS AND PRINCIPLES OF EQUI-
 TY APPLY TO AN ELECTRONIC WILL, EXCEPT AS MODIFIED BY THIS ACT.
 § 3-6.4 CHOICE OF LAW REGARDING EXECUTION
   A  WILL  EXECUTED  ELECTRONICALLY BUT NOT IN COMPLIANCE WITH PARAGRAPH
 (A) OF SECTION 3-6.6 IS AN ELECTRONIC WILL UNDER THIS ACT IF EXECUTED IN
 COMPLIANCE WITH THE LAW OF THE JURISDICTION WHERE THE TESTATOR IS:
   (A) PHYSICALLY LOCATED WHEN THE WILL IS EXECUTED; OR
   (B) DOMICILED WHEN THE WILL IS EXECUTED OR WHEN THE TESTATOR DIES.
 § 3-6.5 CAUTION TO THE TESTATOR
   AN ELECTRONIC WILL SHALL INCLUDE A DISCLOSURE SUBSTANTIALLY SIMILAR TO
 THE FOLLOWING IN TWELVE-POINT FONT OR  LARGER,  BOLDFACE,  DOUBLE-SPACED
 TYPE:
   CAUTION TO THE TESTATOR: YOUR WILL IS AN IMPORTANT DOCUMENT. AS TESTA-
 TOR, YOUR WILL SHOULD REFLECT YOUR FINAL WISHES. TO BE VALID, IT MUST BE
 SIGNED BY YOU OR ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL AUTHORIZED BY YOU AND WHO IS IN YOUR
 PHYSICAL PRESENCE AT THE TIME OF SIGNING. IT MUST ALSO BE SIGNED IN YOUR
 PHYSICAL  OR  ELECTRONIC  PRESENCE  BY AT LEAST TWO INDIVIDUALS, EACH OF
 WHOM IS A DOMICILIARY OF A STATE, AND EACH OF WHOM SIGNS THE WILL WITHIN
 A THIRTY DAY PERIOD AFTER WITNESSING YOU SIGN THE  WILL  OR  ACKNOWLEDGE
 THAT YOU SIGNED IT.
   WITHIN  THIRTY  DAYS AFTER THE ELECTRONIC WILL IS EXECUTED, IT MUST BE
 ELECTRONICALLY FILED WITH THE NEW YORK STATE UNIFIED COURT SYSTEM.
   YOU MAY REVOKE YOUR ELECTRONIC WILL AT ANY TIME.  YOU  MAY  DO  SO  BY
 EXECUTING  A SUBSEQUENT WILL OR SEPARATE WRITING CLEARLY INDICATING YOUR
 INTENT TO REVOKE ALL OR PART OF YOUR ELECTRONIC WILL, OR  BY  REQUESTING
 ITS  REMOVAL FROM THE NEW YORK STATE UNIFIED COURT SYSTEM. ONCE YOU HAVE
 REMOVED YOUR ELECTRONIC WILL FROM  THE  NEW  YORK  STATE  UNIFIED  COURT
 SYSTEM, IT IS HAS BEEN REVOKED.
 § 3-6.6 EXECUTION OF ELECTRONIC WILL
   (A) SUBJECT TO PARAGRAPH (D) OF SECTION 3-6.8, AN ELECTRONIC WILL MUST
 BE:
   (1)  A  RECORD  THAT  IS READABLE AS TEXT AT THE TIME OF SIGNING UNDER
 SUBPARAGRAPH TWO;
   (2) SIGNED AT THE END THEREOF BY:
   (A) THE TESTATOR; OR
   (B) ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL IN THE TESTATOR'S NAME, IN THE TESTATOR'S PHYS-
 ICAL PRESENCE AND BY THE TESTATOR'S DIRECTION, IN  A  MANNER  CONSISTENT
 WITH SECTION 3-2.1 (A)(1)(C), SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING:
 A. 7856                             3
 
   (I)  THE  PRESENCE  OF  ANY MATTER FOLLOWING THE TESTATOR'S SIGNATURE,
 APPEARING ON THE WILL AT THE TIME OF ITS EXECUTION, SHALL NOT INVALIDATE
 SUCH MATTER PRECEDING THE SIGNATURE AS APPEARED ON THE WILL AT THE  TIME
 OF  ITS EXECUTION, EXCEPT THAT SUCH MATTER PRECEDING THE SIGNATURE SHALL
 NOT  BE  GIVEN  EFFECT,  IN THE DISCRETION OF THE SURROGATE, IF IT IS SO
 INCOMPLETE AS NOT TO BE READILY COMPREHENSIBLE WITHOUT THE AID OF MATTER
 WHICH FOLLOWS THE SIGNATURE, OR IF TO GIVE EFFECT TO SUCH MATTER PRECED-
 ING THIS SIGNATURE WOULD SUBVERT THE TESTATOR'S  GENERAL  PLAN  FOR  THE
 DISPOSITION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THEIR ESTATE.
   (II)  NO  EFFECT SHALL BE GIVEN TO ANY MATTER, OTHER THAN THE ATTESTA-
 TION CLAUSE, WHICH FOLLOWS THE SIGNATURE OF  THE  TESTATOR,  OR  TO  ANY
 MATTER  PRECEDING  SUCH  SIGNATURE  WHICH  WAS ADDED SUBSEQUENTLY TO THE
 EXECUTION OF THE WILL; AND
   (3) SIGNED IN THE PHYSICAL OR ELECTRONIC PRESENCE OF THE  TESTATOR  BY
 AT  LEAST  TWO INDIVIDUALS, EACH OF WHOM IS A DOMICILIARY OF A STATE AND
 WITHIN A THIRTY DAY PERIOD AFTER WITNESSING:
   (A) THE SIGNING OF THE WILL UNDER SUBPARAGRAPH TWO; OR
   (B) THE TESTATOR'S ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE SIGNING  OF  THE  WILL  UNDER
 SUBPARAGRAPH TWO OR ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE WILL.
   (B)  INTENT  OF  A  TESTATOR THAT THE RECORD UNDER SUBPARAGRAPH ONE OF
 PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SECTION BE THE TESTATOR'S ELECTRONIC WILL  MAY  BE
 ESTABLISHED BY EXTRINSIC EVIDENCE.
 § 3-6.7 REVOCATION
   (A) AN ELECTRONIC WILL MAY REVOKE ALL OR PART OF A PREVIOUS WILL.
   (B) AN ELECTRONIC WILL IS REVOKED BY:
   (1) A SUBSEQUENT WILL THAT REVOKES ALL OR PART OF THE ELECTRONIC WILL;
   (2)  REMOVAL  OF  THE ELECTRONIC WILL FROM THE CUSTODY OF THE NEW YORK
 STATE UNIFIED COURT SYSTEM BY:
   (I) THE TESTATOR;
   (II) ANOTHER PERSON DULY AUTHORIZED BY THE TESTATOR AS  PROVED  BY  AT
 LEAST  TWO  WITNESSES,  NEITHER OF WHOM SHALL BE THE PERSON REMOVING THE
 ELECTRONIC WILL; OR
   (III) AS OTHERWISE AUTHORIZED BY THE UNIFORM RULES OF THE  SURROGATE'S
 COURT; OR
   (3)  A  WRITING  OF  THE  TESTATOR  CLEARLY INDICATING AN INTENTION TO
 EFFECT SUCH A REVOCATION OR ALTERATION, EXECUTED  WITH  THE  FORMALITIES
 PRESCRIBED BY THIS ARTICLE FOR THE EXECUTION AND ATTESTATION OF A WILL.
   (C) AN ELECTRONIC WILL MAY BE REMOVED FROM THE CUSTODY OF THE NEW YORK
 STATE  COURT SYSTEM BY ORDER OF A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION WHICH,
 IF OCCURRING DURING THE LIFETIME OF THE TESTATOR, SHALL NOT BE DEEMED  A
 REVOCATION OF THE ELECTRONIC WILL.
 § 3-6.8 ELECTRONIC  WILL  ATTESTED  AND  MADE  SELF-PROVING  AT  TIME OF
           EXECUTION
   (A) AN ELECTRONIC WILL MAY BE SIMULTANEOUSLY EXECUTED,  ATTESTED,  AND
 MADE  SELF-PROVING  BY  ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE TESTATOR AND AFFIDAVITS OF
 THE WITNESSES.
   (B) THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AFFIDAVITS UNDER PARAGRAPH (A) MUST BE:
   (1) MADE BEFORE AND IN THE PHYSICAL OR ELECTRONIC PRESENCE OF AN OFFI-
 CER AUTHORIZED TO ADMINISTER OATHS UNDER LAW OF THE STATE IN  WHICH  THE
 OFFICER IS LOCATED; AND
   (2) EVIDENCED BY THE OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE UNDER OFFICIAL SEAL AFFIXED
 TO OR LOGICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE ELECTRONIC WILL.
   (C) THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AFFIDAVITS UNDER PARAGRAPH (A) MUST CONFORM
 WITH SECTION FOURTEEN HUNDRED SIX OF THE SURROGATE'S COURT PROCEDURE ACT
 AND MUST INDICATE THAT THE WILL WAS SIGNED ELECTRONICALLY.
 A. 7856                             4

   (D)  A  SIGNATURE PHYSICALLY OR ELECTRONICALLY AFFIXED TO AN AFFIDAVIT
 THAT IS AFFIXED TO OR LOGICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH AN ELECTRONIC WILL UNDER
 THIS ACT IS DEEMED A SIGNATURE OF THE ELECTRONIC  WILL  UNDER  PARAGRAPH
 (A) OF SECTION 3-6.6.
 § 3-6.9 FILING OF ELECTRONIC WILL
   WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF ITS EXECUTION, AN ELECTRONIC WILL SHALL BE ELEC-
 TRONICALLY  FILED WITH THE NEW YORK STATE UNIFIED COURT SYSTEM EITHER BY
 THE TESTATOR OR ANOTHER PERSON DULY  AUTHORIZED  BY  THE  TESTATOR.  THE
 ELECTRONIC  WILL  SHALL  REMAIN  IN  THE  CUSTODY  OF THE NEW YORK STATE
 UNIFIED COURT SYSTEM UNTIL SUCH TIME AS IT  IS  REMOVED  OR  REVOKED  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION 3-6.7. THE FAILURE TO TIMELY FILE AN ELECTRONIC
 WILL WITH THE NEW YORK STATE UNIFIED COURT SYSTEM SHALL  RESULT  IN  THE
 UNFILED ELECTRONIC WILL BEING DEEMED INVALID.
   § 2. Paragraph (a) of section 1-2.19 of the estates, powers and trusts
 law,  as amended by chapter 686 of the laws of 1967, and such section as
 renumbered by chapter 595 of the laws of 1992, is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   (a)    A  will  is  an oral declaration or written instrument, made as
 prescribed by 3-2.1 [or], 3-2.2 OR 3-6.6  to  take  effect  upon  death,
 whereby  a  person  disposes  of property or directs how it shall not be
 disposed of, disposes of [his] THEIR body or any part thereof, exercises
 a power, appoints a fiduciary or  makes  any  other  provision  for  the
 administration  of  [his]  THEIR  estate,  and which is revocable during
 [his] THEIR lifetime.
   § 3. The opening paragraph of paragraph (a) of section  3-2.1  of  the
 estates, powers and trusts law is amended to read as follows:
   Except  for  nuncupative and holographic wills authorized by 3-2.2 AND
 ELECTRONIC WILL AUTHORIZED BY PART SIX OF THIS ARTICLE, every will  must
 be in writing, and executed and attested in the following manner:
   §  4.  Subdivision  1  of  section 307 of the state technology law, as
 separately amended by chapters 543 of the laws of 2023 and chapter 33 of
 the laws of 2024, is amended to read as follows:
   1. To any document providing for the disposition  of  an  individual's
 person or property upon death or incompetence, or appointing a fiduciary
 of  an  individual's  person or property, including, without limitation,
 wills, UNLESS SUCH WILL IS EXECUTED PURSUANT  TO  PART  SIX  OF  ARTICLE
 THREE  OF THE ESTATES, POWERS AND TRUSTS LAW, trusts, decisions consent-
 ing to orders not to resuscitate, and powers of attorney AND HEALTH CARE
 PROXIES, with the  exception  of:  (a)  contractual  beneficiary  desig-
 nations;  (b)  the  registration  of  making,  amending,  or revoking an
 anatomical gift under section forty-three  hundred  ten  of  the  public
 health  law;  (c)  documents and forms authorizing or accepting funeral,
 cemetery and cremation services; and (d) the execution of a valid  power
 of  attorney  for  the  purpose of transferring a salvage certificate of
 title and the execution of an odometer and damage  disclosure  statement
 in  connection  with  such  title  whenever  a loss in connection with a
 private automobile is determined by an insurer to be  a  total  loss  or
 constructive total loss under section three thousand four hundred twelve
 of the insurance law.
   §  5.  This  act shall take effect on the five hundred forty-fifth day
 after it shall have become a law. Effective, immediately, the  addition,
 amendment  and/or  repeal  of  any  rule or regulation necessary for the
 implementation of this act on its effective date  is  authorized  to  be
 made on or before such effective date.