NY State Senate Bill 2025-S1891

Senate Bill S1891

2025-2026 Legislative Session

Relates to owner liability for failure of an operator to comply with street cleaning parking rules

download bill text pdf

Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Transportation Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Jan 14, 2025	referred to transportation

2025-S1891 (ACTIVE) - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A4523
Current Committee:: Senate Transportation
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Amd V & T L, generally; amd §87, Pub Off L
Versions Introduced in 2023-2024 Legislative Session:: S8756, A8902

2025-S1891 (ACTIVE) - Summary

Relates to owner liability for failure of an operator to comply with street cleaning parking rules; relates to access to records prepared pursuant to street cleaning parking rules.

2025-S1891 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S1891

SPONSOR: JACKSON
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to owner
liability for failure of an operator to comply with street cleaning
parking rules; to amend the public officers law, in relation to access
to records prepared pursuant to street cleaning parking rules; and
providing for the repeal of certain provisions upon expiration thereof

 
PURPOSE:  Allow for photo enforcement of street cleaning alternative
parking rules.

 
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:

Section 1 would amend the vehicle and traffic law by adding a new
section 1111-h to authorize enforcement of alternative parking rules to
allow for street cleaning via a camera on street cleaning equipment.

Section 2 amends subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 2 of part MM of Chapter 56 of the laws of

2023 to create administrative tribunal for enforcement of section 1.

Section 3 amends subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 3 of part MM of Chapter 56 of the laws of
2023 continues to establish the process of enforcement and appeals.

Section 4 amends paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the
vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4 of part MM of chapter
56 of the laws of 2023, to define notices of violations to include
street cleaning parking laws.

Section 5 amends subdivision 1, la and the opening subparagraph of para-
graph (a) of subdivision 1-b of section 240 of vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by section 5 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 to
provide for notice of hearing, fines and penalties.

Section 6 amends paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of
the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of part MM of chap-
ter 56 of the laws of 2023 to allow for hearing for the adjudication of
charges.

Section 7 amends subdivision 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as amended by section 7 of part MM of chapter 56 of laws of
2023, to add the procedure to current hearing examiner procedure.

Section 8 amends subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of
section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of
part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 to provide for procedure when
someone fails to appear.

Section 9 amends subdivision 1-a of section 1809 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as amended by section 9 of part MM of chapter 56 of the
laws of 2023 to add violation of street cleaning parking laws to the
current list.

Section 10 amends subdivision 1 of section 1809a of the vehicle and
traffic law, as amended by section 10 of part MM of chapter 56 of laws
of 2023 to add for adjudication of liability of owner for a violation of
street cleaning parking laws.

Section 11 amends subdivision 1 of section 1809-aa of the vehicle and
traffic law, as amended by section 11 of part MM of chapter 56 of laws
of 2023, to add for adjudication of liability of owner for a violation
of street cleaning parking laws.

Section 12 amends paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of
vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 12 of part MM of chapter
56 of laws of 2023, to add for adjudication of liability of owner for a
violation of street cleaning parking laws.

Section 13 amends subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law
by adding a new paragraph (u) to include photographs, microphotographs,
videotape, and other recorded images prepared under authority of section
1111-h of vehicle and traffic law.

Section 14 states that the purchase or lease of equipment for a demon-
stration program established pursuant to section 1111-h of the vehicle
and traffic law, as added by section one of this act, shall be subject
to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law.

Section 15 is the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Maintaining street cleanliness and litter control in New York City are
important quality-of-life concerns for property owners, businesses and
the New York City Department of Sanitation. Street cleaning parking
rules ensure that there is open and unhindered curbside accessibility to
Department workers who operate street cleaning vehicles, also known as
mechanical brooms, to clean over 6,000 curb miles of the City's streets
in the boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens that are
covered by such street cleaning rules.  The Department schedules an
average of 200 mechanical brooms per weekday to sweep the City's
streets. These vehicles are equipped with heavy duty brushes or "brooms"
that loosen street debris and contain a mechanism to spray the street
with water for reducing air pollutants on the street. Any decrease or
loss of a substantial portion of the Department's cleaning capability as
a result of vehicles parked in violation of alternate side parking
restrictions greatly affects community cleanliness.

The purpose of this legislation is to develop a system which will
supplement the current enforcement effort by using technology to record
parking violations on film or other recording device. The program will
operate in the same manner as the Red Light Camera Program and Bus Lane
Program, which has successfully reduced the incidence of red light and
bus lane violations in the City.

Technology presently exists that will capture vehicles parked unlawfully
without the presence of a police or uniformed sanitation enforcement
officer. A photo device would be placed on a street cleaning vehicle and
would capture or record, and produce by photographic, microphotographic,
videotape or other recording system an image of a motor vehicle that is
parked unlawfully in violation of street cleaning parking rules posted
on traffic signs. This image can then be used as evidence in a proceed-

ing before the New York City Parking Violations Bureau to impose liabil-
ity on the owner of the vehicle for the parking violation.

The enactment of this legislation, which is modeled after the enabling
legislation that authorized the Red Light Camera Program and Bus Lane
Program, will enable the City to continue to explore the use of new
technology as a means of improving the quality of life in the City, and
promoting a positive and clean image for New York City.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2024: S. 8756-A - PASSED SENATE/ A. 8902-C - amend and recommit to
transportation

 
STATE AND LOCAL FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:  N/A

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect one year after it shall have become a law;
provided, however, that sections one, thirteen and fourteen of this act
shall expire July 1, 2030, when upon such date the provisions of such
sections shall be deemed repealed; provided further, however, that:(a)
the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809-a of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not affect the repeal
of such section and shall be deemed repealed therewith; and (b) effec-
tive immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any rule or
regulation necessary for the implementation of section one of this act
on its effective date are authorized to be made and completed on or
before such effective date.

2025-S1891 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   1891
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                             January 14, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sen. JACKSON -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  in  relation  to  owner
   liability  for  failure  of an operator to comply with street cleaning
   parking rules; to amend the public officers law, in relation to access
   to records prepared pursuant to street  cleaning  parking  rules;  and
   providing for the repeal of certain provisions upon expiration thereof
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. The vehicle and traffic law is  amended  by  adding  a  new
 section 1111-i to read as follows:
   §  1111-I.  OWNER  LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR TO COMPLY WITH
 STREET  CLEANING  PARKING  RULES.  (A)  1.  NOTWITHSTANDING  ANY   OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, THE CITY OF NEW YORK IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH
 A  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED  STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES IN SUCH CITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 THIS  SECTION.    SUCH  DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE NEW YORK
 CITY DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION TO INSTALL STREET CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO
 DEVICES  ON  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLES  ALONG STREET CLEANING ROUTES AT
 LOCATIONS DETERMINED BY SUCH DEPARTMENT IN SUCH CITY AND  TO  ADMINISTER
 SUCH PROGRAM IN CONSULTATION WITH THE NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF TRANS-
 PORTATION.
   2.  ANY  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES CAPTURED BY STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES SHALL BE  INAD-
 MISSIBLE  IN  ANY DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDING CONVENED BY THE DEPARTMENT AND
 ANY PROCEEDING INITIATED BY THE DEPARTMENT  INVOLVING  LICENSURE  PRIVI-
 LEGES  OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE OPERATORS. ANY STREET CLEANING VEHICLE
 PHOTO DEVICE MOUNTED ON A STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  DIRECTED
 OUTWARDLY  FROM  SUCH  VEHICLE TO CAPTURE IMAGES OF VEHICLES OPERATED IN
 VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES, AND IMAGES PRODUCED BY  SUCH
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD05516-01-5

 S. 1891                             2
 
 DEVICE SHALL NOT BE USED FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE IN THE ABSENCE OF A COURT
 ORDER REQUIRING SUCH IMAGES TO BE PRODUCED.
   3. NO STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE SHALL BE USED UNLESS ON THE
 DAY IT IS TO BE USED IT HAS SUCCESSFULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNC-
 TIONS.
   4. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
 TO  ENSURE,  TO  THE  EXTENT  PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES  PRODUCED BY SUCH STREET
 CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE  CONTENTS  OF  THE  VEHICLE.    PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER,  THAT  NO  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
 SHALL BE DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE SUCH  A  PHOTOGRAPH,  MICROPHOTOGRAPH,
 VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE CITY SHOWS
 THAT IT MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH THE  PROVISIONS  OF  THIS
 PARAGRAPH IN SUCH CASE.
   (II)  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGE FROM A STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE SHALL   BE   FOR   THE
 EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE CITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE
 OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE DESTROYED BY THE
 CITY UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO WHICH  SUCH
 PHOTOGRAPHS,   MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES
 RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE  OF  SUCH  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY,  WHICHEVER  IS  LATER.  NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY
 OTHER  LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  ANY  OTHER   RECORDED   IMAGE   FROM   A  STREET
 CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO  DEVICE  SHALL  NOT  BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR
 SUBJECT TO CIVIL OR CRIMINAL PROCESS OR DISCOVERY, NOR   USED   BY   ANY
 COURT  OR ADMINISTRATIVE  OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEED-
 ING THEREIN EXCEPT THAT WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR  THE  ADJUDICATION  OF  A
 NOTICE    OF LIABILITY   ISSUED   PURSUANT   TO   THIS  SECTION,  AND NO
 PUBLIC ENTITY OR EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT   THEREOF   SHALL   DISCLOSE
 SUCH    INFORMATION, EXCEPT   THAT   SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,
 VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH DEVICES:
   (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
 OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND
   (B) (1) SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH  WARRANT  ISSUED
 BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
 SIX  HUNDRED  NINETY  OF  THE  CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A FEDERAL COURT
 AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE  SUCH
 SEARCH  WARRANT  STATES  THAT  THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH
 INFORMATION CONSTITUTES EVIDENCE OF, OR TENDS  TO  DEMONSTRATE  THAT,  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR  FELONY  OFFENSE  WAS COMMITTED IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER
 STATE, OR THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION  OF  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
 COURT SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH  OFFENSE
 WOULD,  IF  OCCURRING  IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY
 AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND
   (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
 A JUDGE OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION AND ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  ARTICLE  SIX
 HUNDRED  TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF A
 FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH  A  SUBPOENA  DUCES  TECUM  UNDER
 S. 1891                             3
 
 FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
 REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
 THE  PROSECUTION,  OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED
 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR  OR
 FELONY  IN  THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH
 OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR  MAGISTRATE
 SHALL  ONLY  ISSUE  SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
 THIS STATE; AND
   (3) MAY, IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND  CLAUSE  (A)
 OF  THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH CRIMINAL
 ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
   5.  EVERY STREET CLEANING VEHICLE UPON WHICH A STREET CLEANING VEHICLE
 PHOTO DEVICE IS INSTALLED  AND  OPERATED  PURSUANT  TO  A  DEMONSTRATION
 PROGRAM  AUTHORIZED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH
 SIGNS, PLACARDS OR OTHER DISPLAYS GIVING  NOTICE  TO  APPROACHING  MOTOR
 VEHICLE OPERATORS THAT STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES ARE USED TO
 ENFORCE STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES.
   6. WARNING NOTICES OF VIOLATION SHALL BE ISSUED DURING THE FIRST SIXTY
 DAYS  THAT  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES PURSUANT TO A DEMON-
 STRATION PROGRAM AUTHORIZED BY THIS SECTION ARE ACTIVE AND IN OPERATION.
   7. THE CITY OF NEW YORK SHALL ADOPT AND ENFORCE MEASURES:
   (I) TO UPGRADE SIGNAGE AT REGULAR  INTERVALS  WITHIN  STREET  CLEANING
 ROUTES  STATING  THAT  STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES ARE USED TO
 ENFORCE STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES ALONG SUCH ROUTES; AND
   (II) TO PROHIBIT THE USE OR DISSEMINATION OF VEHICLES'  LICENSE  PLATE
 INFORMATION AND OTHER INFORMATION AND IMAGES CAPTURED BY STREET CLEANING
 VEHICLE  PHOTO  DEVICES  EXCEPT:  (A) AS REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH LIABILITY
 UNDER THIS SECTION OR COLLECT PAYMENT OF PENALTIES; (B) AS  REQUIRED  BY
 COURT ORDER; OR (C) AS OTHERWISE REQUIRED BY LAW.
   (B)  IF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW YORK HAS ESTABLISHED A PROGRAM PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE  LIABLE
 FOR  A  PENALTY  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS
 PARKED IN VIOLATION OF ANY STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE OF SUCH CITY AND
 SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A STREET CLEAN-
 ING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE.
   (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL  HAVE  THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD"  SHALL  MEAN
 THE  MANUAL  AND  SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL
 DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER  OF  TRANSPORTATION  PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER.
   2.  "OWNER"  SHALL  HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS
 CHAPTER.
   3. "STREET CLEANING ROUTES" SHALL MEAN STREET CLEANING  ROUTES  DESIG-
 NATED  BY  THE  NEW  YORK  CITY  DEPARTMENT  OF  SANITATION THAT INCLUDE
 UPGRADED SIGNAGE STATING THAT STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES  ARE
 USED TO ENFORCE STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES.
   4.  "STREET  CLEANING PARKING RULES" SHALL MEAN THE PROHIBITED PARKING
 OF ANY VEHICLE ON ONE SIDE OF THE STREET TO ALLOW FOR  CLEANING  BY  THE
 NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION DURING DESIGNATED TIME PERIODS AS
 POSTED  BY SIGN PURSUANT TO THE RULES OF THE NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF
 TRANSPORTATION.
   5. "STREET CLEANING VEHICLE" SHALL MEAN ANY VEHICLE  OPERATED  BY  THE
 NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION THAT IS DESIGNED TO WASH DIRT AND
 GRIME, AND REMOVE LITTER AND DEBRIS, FROM THE STREET SURFACE.
 S. 1891                             4
 
   6.  "STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE" SHALL MEAN A DEVICE THAT IS
 MOUNTED ON A STREET CLEANING VEHICLE, IS CAPABLE OF OPERATING  INDEPEND-
 ENTLY  OF AN ENFORCEMENT OFFICER AND PRODUCES ONE OR MORE IMAGES OF EACH
 VEHICLE AT THE TIME IT IS IN VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES.
   (D)  A  CERTIFICATE,  SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY
 THE CITY OF NEW YORK IN WHICH  THE  CHARGED  VIOLATION  OCCURRED,  OR  A
 FACSIMILE  THEREOF,  BASED  UPON  INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A STREET CLEANING
 VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE,  SHALL  BE  PRIMA  FACIE  EVIDENCE  OF  THE  FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER
 RECORDED  IMAGES  EVIDENCING  SUCH  A  VIOLATION  SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR
 INSPECTION IN ANY  PROCEEDING  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  FOR  SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E)  AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF A STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE
 IMPOSED ON ANY ROUTE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND PENALTIES PROMULGATED BY THE PARKING
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,  THAT  THE
 MONETARY  PENALTY FOR VIOLATING A STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE SHALL NOT
 EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR EACH  VIOLATION;  PROVIDED,  FURTHER,  THAT  AN
 OWNER  SHALL  BE  LIABLE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT TO EXCEED TWENTY-
 FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO  A  NOTICE
 OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB-
 LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION  AS  AN
 OPERATOR  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  MADE  PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE
 PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR
 INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO  BE  LIABLE  AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF A STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULE. PERSONAL DELIVERY  ON  THE  OWNER  SHALL  NOT  BE
 REQUIRED.  A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDI-
 NARY COURSE OF BUSINESS SHALL BE  PRIMA  FACIE  EVIDENCE  OF  THE  FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR VIOLATION OF A STREET CLEAN-
 ING PARKING RULE, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF  THE  VEHICLE  INVOLVED  IN
 SUCH  VIOLATION,  THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE INCLUDING
 THE STREET  OR  CROSS  STREETS,  ONE  OR  MORE  IMAGES  IDENTIFYING  THE
 VIOLATION,  THE  DATE  AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION
 NUMBER OF THE STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO  DEVICE  THAT  RECORDED  THE
 VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER.
   3.  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE  TIME  IN  WHICH  SUCH  PERSON  MAY
 CONTEST  THE  LIABILITY  ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY
 SHALL ALSO CONTAIN A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED  THAT  FAILURE
 TO  CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION
 OF LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE  AGENCY
 OR  AGENCIES  DESIGNATED  BY  THE  CITY OF NEW YORK, OR ANY OTHER ENTITY
 AUTHORIZED BY SUCH  CITY  TO  PREPARE  AND  MAIL  SUCH  NOTIFICATION  OF
 VIOLATION.
   5.  ADJUDICATION  OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE NEW YORK CITY PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (H) IF AN OWNER OF A VEHICLE RECEIVES A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT
 TO  THIS  SECTION  FOR  ANY  TIME  PERIOD  DURING  WHICH THE VEHICLE WAS
 REPORTED TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL  BE  A
 S. 1891                             5
 
 VALID  DEFENSE  TO  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR VIOLATION OF A STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULE OF SUCH CITY, THAT THE VEHICLE HAD  BEEN  REPORTED
 TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD
 NOT  BEEN  RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE
 PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION IT SHALL BE  SUFFICIENT  THAT  A  CERTIFIED
 COPY  OF  THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS
 MAIL TO THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (I) 1. AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE  TO  WHICH  A  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  WAS  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF THE  STREET  CLEANING  PARKING  RULE,
 PROVIDED THAT:
   (I)  PRIOR  TO  THE  VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH SUCH PARKING
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  SECTION  TWO
 HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (II)  WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM SUCH BUREAU
 OF THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMA-
 TION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE  LESSOR  SUBMITS
 TO SUCH BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE
 IDENTIFIED  IN  THE  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION,
 TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL,
 LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY  SUCH
 BUREAU PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
   2.  FAILURE  TO COMPLY WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS
 SUBDIVISION SHALL RENDER THE LESSOR LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN
 THIS SECTION.
   3. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH  ONE  OF
 THIS  SUBDIVISION,  THE  LESSEE  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  ON  THE DATE OF SUCH
 VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE  FOR  PURPOSES
 OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSU-
 ANT TO THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION.
   (J)  1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF A STREET CLEANING PARK-
 ING RULE  PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WAS NOT THE OPERATOR OF  THE  VEHICLE
 AT  THE  TIME  OF  SUCH  VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR
 INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF  A
 VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR FAILED TO OBEY  A
 STREET  CLEANING  PARKING  RULE.  FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION THERE
 SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE  WAS  OPERATING
 SUCH  VEHICLE  WITH  THE  CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR
 FAILED TO OBEY A STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE.
   (K) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE  LIABILITY
 OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF A STREET CLEANING PARK-
 ING RULE.
   (L) IF THE CITY OF NEW YORK ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  THIS SECTION, SUCH CITY'S DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION
 SHALL SUBMIT A REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF STREET CLEANING PARK-
 ING RULE-RELATED PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY  PRESIDENT
 OF THE SENATE, AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY BY APRIL FIRST, TWO THOU-
 SAND  TWENTY-SEVEN  AND  EVERY TWO YEARS THEREAFTER.   THE DEPARTMENT OF
 SANITATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK SHALL ALSO MAKE SUCH  REPORTS  AVAIL-
 ABLE  ON  THEIR  PUBLIC-FACING  WEBSITES, PROVIDED THAT THEY MAY PROVIDE
 AGGREGATE DATA FROM PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS SUBDIVISION IF THE CITY  FINDS
 S. 1891                             6

 THAT  PUBLISHING  SPECIFIC LOCATION DATA WOULD JEOPARDIZE PUBLIC SAFETY.
 SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE, BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO:
   1.  A DESCRIPTION OF THE LOCATIONS AND/OR VEHICLES WHERE STREET CLEAN-
 ING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES WERE USED;
   2. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED ON  A  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL
 BASIS;
   3. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED;
   4.  THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE FIRST
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY;
   5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND RESULTS  OF  SUCH  ADJUDI-
 CATIONS INCLUDING BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS MADE;
   6.  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH CITY AND DEPARTMENT
 AND AN ITEMIZED LIST OF EXPENDITURES MADE BY  THE  CITY  AND  DEPARTMENT
 WITH THESE REVENUES;
   7. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS;
   8. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CAMERAS BY TYPE OF CAMERA USED;
   9. THE TOTAL COST TO SUCH CITY; AND
   10.  A REPORT ON THE NUMBER OF MILES OF STREET CLEANING ROUTES CLEANED
 BEFORE AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.
   (M) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  A
 STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ADOPTED
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES
 WERE MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE ALLEGED VIOLATION.
   §  2.  Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special
 or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any  city  which
 heretofore  or  hereafter  is  authorized to establish an administrative
 tribunal: (a) to hear and determine complaints  of  traffic  infractions
 constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or (b) to adjudi-
 cate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 local  law  or  ordinance  imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  traffic-con-
 trol  indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle twenty-four of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate the  liability  of
 owners  for  violations  of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  posted
 maximum  speed  limits  through  the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this  chapter,  or  (d)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of
 this  chapter  imposed  pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof  to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installa-
 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
 twenty-four of this chapter, or  (e)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners  for violations of toll collection regulations imposed by certain
 public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public  authori-
 ties  to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure
 of an operator thereof to comply with  toll  collection  regulations  of
 such  public  authorities  through  the  installation  and  operation of
 S. 1891                             7
 
 photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions  of  section
 two  thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or (f) to adjudicate
 the  liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as
 provided in  subdivisions  twenty  and  twenty-one-c  of  section  three
 hundred  seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or
 ordinance imposing monetary liability on the  owner  of  a  vehicle  for
 failure  of  an  operator  thereof  to comply with school bus red visual
 signals through the installation  and  operation  of  school  bus  photo
 violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
 this  chapter,  or  (g)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
 rules of the department of transportation of the city  of  New  York  in
 relation  to  gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed
 pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration  program  imposing  monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions
 through the installation and operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article ten of this chapter, or
 (h) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  subdivision
 (b),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
 imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary  liability
 on  the  owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply
 with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway  construction  or
 maintenance  work  area  through the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this  chapter,  or  (i)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of  bus  operation-related traffic regulations as defined by
 article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a  demonstration
 program  imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for fail-
 ure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  bus  operation-related
 traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus opera-
 tion-related  photo  devices,  in accordance with article twenty-four of
 this  chapter,  OR  (J)  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR
 VIOLATIONS  OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWEN-
 TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING  MONETARY
 LIABILITY  ON  THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF
 TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE  INSTALLA-
 TION  AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER,  such  tribunal  and  the
 rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 3. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
 amended  by  section  3 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized: (a) to adjudicate the liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to  a  local  law  or  ordinance
 imposing  monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
 operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through  the
 installation  and  operation  of traffic-control signal photo violation-
 S. 1891                             8
 
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter, or (b) to adjudicate the liability  of  owners  for  violations  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of  this  chapter  imposed  pursuant to a demonstration program imposing
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof  to  comply  with  such  posted maximum speed limits through the
 installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring  systems,
 in  accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate
 the liability of owners for  violations  of  bus  lane  restrictions  as
 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus
 rapid  transit  program  imposing  monetary  liability on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus  lane
 restrictions  through  the  installation and operation of bus lane photo
 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or  (d)
 to  adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection
 regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant  to  the  law
 authorizing  such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 toll  collection  regulations  of  such  public  authorities through the
 installation and operation of photo-monitoring  systems,  in  accordance
 with  the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty,  or  (e)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of  section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when
 meeting a school bus marked and equipped  as  provided  in  subdivisions
 twenty  and  twenty-one-c  of section three hundred seventy-five of this
 chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance  imposing  monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with school bus red visual signals  through  the  installation
 and  operation  of  school  bus  photo  violation monitoring systems, in
 accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or (f)  to  adjudi-
 cate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of section three hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York  in  relation  to  gross  vehicle  weight
 and/or  axle  weight  violations  imposed  pursuant to a weigh in motion
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for  failure  of  an operator thereof to comply with such gross
 vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the  installation
 and  operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation  monitoring systems, in
 accordance with article ten of this chapter, or (g)  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of  owners for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g)
 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  posted
 maximum  speed  limits within a highway construction or maintenance work
 area through the installation and operation  of  photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter,
 or (h) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article  twenty-four  of
 this  chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone-
 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle  for  failure  of  an  operator
 thereof  to  comply  with such bus operation-related traffic regulations
 through the installation and operation of  bus  operation-related  photo
 devices,  in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, OR (I)
 TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF STREET  CLEANING
 S. 1891                             9
 
 PARKING  RULES  AS  DEFINED  BY  ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR   OF THIS   CHAPTER
 IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON  THE  OWNER
 OF  A VEHICLE   FOR   FAILURE  OF AN  OPERATOR THEREOF  TO  COMPLY  WITH
 SUCH  STREET  CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERA-
 TION OF  STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTI-
 CLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER.  Such tribunal, except in a city with a
 population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of aban-
 doned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this  article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 4. Paragraph  f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the  vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4 of part MM of chapter 56 of the
 laws of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision  nine  of  section two hundred thirty-seven of this article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to authorization set forth in articles ten, twenty-four, twenty-nine and
 thirty of this chapter, section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
 failure of an operator thereof: to  comply  with  traffic-control  indi-
 cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven
 of  this  chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted  maxi-
 mum  speed  limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)
 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through  the  installa-
 tion  and  operation  of  photo  speed  violation monitoring systems, in
 accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to  comply  with  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined  by  article twenty-four of this chapter
 through the installation and operation of bus  lane  photo  devices,  in
 accordance  with  article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with
 toll collection regulations of certain public  authorities  through  the
 installation  and  operation  of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty;  or  to  stop  for  a school bus displaying a red visual
 signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chap-
 ter through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chap-
 ter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in  violation
 of  subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter within a highway  construction  or  maintenance  work  area
 through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor-
 ing  systems,  in  accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to
 comply with gross vehicle weight  and/or  axle  weight  restrictions  in
 violation  of  section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
 rules of the department of  transportation  of  the  city  of  New  York
 through  the  installation  and  operation  of weigh in motion violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this  chapter;  or
 to  comply  with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by
 S. 1891                            10
 
 article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of  the  rules  of  the
 department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal-
 lation  and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord-
 ance  with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER
 THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE  PHOTO
 DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 5. Subdivisions 1, 1-a and the opening paragraph of paragraph (a) of
 subdivision  1-b  of  section  240  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 5 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of  2023,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty; or a person alleged to be  liable
 in  accordance  with  any provisions of law specifically authorizing the
 imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle  for  failure
 of  an  operator  thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal
 photo  violation-monitoring  systems, in accordance with article twenty-
 four of this chapter; or to comply with  certain  posted  maximum  speed
 limits  in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper-
 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,  in  accordance  with
 article  thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions
 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the  installa-
 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
 twenty-four  of  this  chapter;  or to comply with toll collection regu-
 lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper-
 ation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four  of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or to stop
 for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of  section
 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and
 operation  of  school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accord-
 ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain
 posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  within  a  highway
 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
 ation  of  photo  speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with gross  vehicle  weight
 and/or  axle  weight  restrictions in violation of section three hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten of this chapter; or to comply  with  bus  operation-related  traffic
 regulations  as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter in
 violation of the rules of the department of transportation of  the  city
 of  New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-re-
 lated photo devices, in accordance  with  article  twenty-four  of  this
 chapter;  OR  TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND  OPERA-
 TION  OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTI-
 CLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, contests such  allegation,  the  bureau
 shall  advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as
 the director may direct of the date on which [he  or  she]  SUCH  PERSON
 S. 1891                            11
 
 must  appear  to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of
 such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the  director,  and  shall
 contain  a  warning  to advise the person so pleading or contesting that
 failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned
 date,  shall  be  deemed  an  admission of liability, and that a default
 judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance with provisions of law specifically authorizing the impo-
 sition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
 operator  thereof:  to  comply  with  traffic-control   indications   in
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal
 photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with  article  twenty-
 four  of  this  chapter;  or to comply with certain posted maximum speed
 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper-
 ation  of  photo  speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane  restrictions
 as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installa-
 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
 twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply  with  toll  collection  regu-
 lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper-
 ation  of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or  to  stop
 for  a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section
 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and
 operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems,  in  accord-
 ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain
 posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
 (g)  of  section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway
 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,  in  accordance  with
 article  thirty  of this chapter; or to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of  section  three  hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten  of  this  chapter;  or to comply with bus operation-related traffic
 regulations as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter  in
 violation  of  the rules of the department of transportation of the city
 of New York through the installation and operation of bus  operation-re-
 lated  photo  devices,  in  accordance  with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS  DEFINED  BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERA-
 TION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH  ARTI-
 CLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a
 timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but  has
 not  yet  been  held,  the  bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or
 penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   In a city having a population of one million or more, at every hearing
 for the adjudication of a notice of liability, as provided by this arti-
 cle, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that the owner of a  first-
 response  emergency  vehicle alleged to be liable in accordance with any
 S. 1891                            12
 
 provisions of law specifically authorizing the  imposition  of  monetary
 liability  on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof:
 to comply with traffic-control indications in violation  of  subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the instal-
 lation  and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitor-
 ing systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter;  or
 to  comply  with  certain  posted  maximum  speed limits in violation of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  through the installation and operation of photo speed
 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of  this
 chapter;  or  to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article
 twenty-four of this chapter through the installation  and  operation  of
 bus  lane  photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations  as
 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules
 of  the department of transportation of the city of New York through the
 installation and operation of bus operation-related  photo  devices,  in
 accordance  with  article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH
 STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  THROUGH  THE  INSTALLATION AND OPERATION   OF   STREET CLEANING
 VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  is  not  liable for such alleged violation if such owner of the
 first-response emergency vehicle provides the hearing officer with:
   § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of part MM of chapter 56 of the
 laws of 2023, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to
 a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner  of  a
 vehicle  for  failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-con-
 trol indications through the installation and operation of  traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle  twenty-four  of  this  chapter, or an allegation of liability of an
 owner for a violation of subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty  of  this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with certain posted
 maximum  speed  limits  through  the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a  violation
 of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter  imposed  pursuant  to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary
 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator  thereof
 to  comply  with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and
 operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article  twenty-
 four  of  this  chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a
 violation of toll  collection  regulations  imposed  by  certain  public
 authorities  pursuant  to the law authorizing such public authorities to
 impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for  failure  of  an
 operator  thereof  to  comply  with  toll collection regulations of such
 public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-moni-
 toring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section  two  thou-
 sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of  the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or an allegation of liability of
 S. 1891                            13
 
 an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of  this
 chapter  when  meeting  a  school bus marked and equipped as provided in
 subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three  hundred  seventy-
 five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance impos-
 ing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an oper-
 ator  thereof  to  comply with school bus red visual signals through the
 installation and operation of  school  bus  photo  violation  monitoring
 systems,  in  accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or an
 allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision  (b),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed
 pursuant  to  a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 certain  posted  maximum  speed  limits within a highway construction or
 maintenance work area through the installation and  operation  of  photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this  chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation
 of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and  the  rules  of
 the  department of transportation of the city of New York in relation to
 gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a
 weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 such  gross  vehicle  weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the
 installation and operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation  monitoring
 systems,  in  accordance with article ten of this chapter, or an allega-
 tion of liability of an owner for a violation of  bus  operation-related
 traffic  regulations  as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter
 imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary  liability
 on  the  owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply
 with such bus operation-related traffic regulations through the  instal-
 lation  and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord-
 ance with article twenty-four of  this  chapter,  OR  AN  ALLEGATION  OF
 LIABILITY  OF  AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES
 AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO  A
 PROGRAM  IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAIL-
 URE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET  CLEANING  PARKING
 RULES  THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE
 PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
 shall  be  held  before  a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and
 regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  any  provisions  of  law
 specifically  authorizing  the  imposition  of monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof:  to  comply  with
 traffic-control  indications  in violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and oper-
 ation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring  systems,  in
 accordance  with  article  twenty-four  of  this chapter; to comply with
 certain posted maximum speed limits in  violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
 through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor-
 ing systems, in accordance with  article  thirty  of  this  chapter;  to
 comply  with  bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of
 this chapter through the installation and operation of  bus  lane  photo
 devices,  in  accordance  with  article  twenty-four of this chapter; to
 comply with toll collection regulations of  certain  public  authorities
 through  the  installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in
 S. 1891                            14
 
 accordance with the provisions of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a
 red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of
 this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus  photo
 violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
 this chapter; to comply with certain  posted  maximum  speed  limits  in
 violation  of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work
 area through the installation and operation  of  photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
 to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight  restrictions  in
 violation  of  section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
 rules of the department of  transportation  of  the  city  of  New  York
 through  the  installation  and  operation  of weigh in motion violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this  chapter;  or
 to  comply  with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by
 article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of  the  rules  of  the
 department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal-
 lation  and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord-
 ance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH  STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER
 THROUGH  THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO
 DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  is
 contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   §  7.  Subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7 of part MM of chapter 56  of  the  laws  of
 2023, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained [he or she] SUCH EXAMINER may
 examine  either  the  prior  parking  violations record or the record of
 liabilities incurred in accordance with any provisions  of  law  specif-
 ically  authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of
 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to  comply  with  traffic-
 control  indications  in  violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of
 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain  posted
 maximum  speed  limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the instal-
 lation and operation of photo speed  violation  monitoring  systems,  in
 accordance  with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane
 restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this  chapter  through
 the  installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection
 regulations of certain public authorities through the  installation  and
 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions
 of  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law and sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to
 stop for a school bus displaying a red visual  signal  in  violation  of
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the instal-
 lation and operation of school bus photo violation  monitoring  systems,
 in  accordance  with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with
 S. 1891                            15
 
 certain posted maximum speed limits in  violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within
 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or  axle  weight  restrictions in violation of section three hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus  operation-related  traffic
 regulations  as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter in
 violation of the rules of the department of transportation of  the  city
 of  New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-re-
 lated photo devices, in accordance  with  article  twenty-four  of  this
 chapter;  OR  TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND  OPERA-
 TION  OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTI-
 CLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, of the person  charged,  as  applicable
 prior  to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustain-
 ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
 maintained by the bureau  together  with  records  showing  payment  and
 nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  any  provisions  of law specifically authorizing the imposition of
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof:  to  comply  with  traffic-control  indications in violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through
 the installation and operation of traffic-control  signal  photo  viola-
 tion-monitoring  systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of  this chapter through the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article
 twenty-four of this chapter through the installation  and  operation  of
 bus  lane  photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations  of  certain  public
 authorities  through  the installation and operation of photo-monitoring
 systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine
 hundred   eighty-five   of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus display-
 ing a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred  seventy-
 four  of  this  chapter through the installation and operation of school
 bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-nine of this chapter; to comply with  certain  posted  maximum  speed
 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
 en hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or main-
 tenance  work area through the installation and operation of photo speed
 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of  this
 chapter;  to  comply  with  gross  vehicle  weight  and/or  axle  weight
 restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five  of  this
 chapter and the rules of the department of transportation of the city of
 New  York  through  the  installation  and  operation of weigh in motion
 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with  article  ten  of  this
 S. 1891                            16
 
 chapter;  [or]  to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations
 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in  violation  of  the
 rules  of  the  department  of  transportation  of  the city of New York
 through  the  installation  and operation of bus operation-related photo
 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter;  OR  TO
 COMPLY  WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-
 FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND  OPERATION  OF  STREET
 CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR
 OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on  a  designated  hearing  date  or
 subsequent  adjourned  date  or fails after a hearing to comply with the
 determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by
 rule or regulation of the bureau, such  failure  to  plead  or  contest,
 appear  or  comply  shall  be  deemed, for all purposes, an admission of
 liability and shall be grounds for  rendering  and  entering  a  default
 judgment  in  an  amount  provided  by  the rules and regulations of the
 bureau. However, after the expiration of the  original  date  prescribed
 for  entering  a  plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in
 such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of  law
 notify  such  operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the
 commission may direct;  (1)  of  the  violation  charged,  or  liability
 alleged  in accordance with any provisions of law specifically authoriz-
 ing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a  vehicle  for
 failure  of  an  operator  thereof: to comply with traffic-control indi-
 cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven
 of this chapter through the installation and operation  of  traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle  twenty-four  of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum
 speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of
 section  eleven  hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with  article  thirty  of  this  chapter;  to  comply  with   bus   lane
 restrictions  as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through
 the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in  accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection
 regulations  of  certain public authorities through the installation and
 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions
 of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty;  to
 stop  for  a  school  bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the  instal-
 lation  and  operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems,
 in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to  comply  with
 certain  posted  maximum  speed  limits in violation of subdivision (b),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  within
 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or  axle  weight  restrictions in violation of section three hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus  operation-related  traffic
 regulations  as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter in
 violation of the rules of the department of transportation of  the  city
 of  New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-re-
 S. 1891                            17
 
 lated photo devices, in accordance  with  article  twenty-four  of  this
 chapter;  OR  TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND  OPERA-
 TION  OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTI-
 CLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of the impending default  judgment,
 (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in
 which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdic-
 tion or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within
 the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering
 a  plea  or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with any
 provisions of law specifically authorizing the  imposition  of  monetary
 liability  on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof:
 to comply with traffic-control indications in violation  of  subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the instal-
 lation  and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitor-
 ing systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter;  to
 comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivi-
 sion  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this
 chapter through the installation and operation of photo speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
 to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by  article  twenty-four
 of this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo
 devices,  in  accordance  with  article  twenty-four of this chapter; to
 comply with toll collection regulations of  certain  public  authorities
 through  the  installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in
 accordance with the provisions of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a
 red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of
 this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus  photo
 violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
 this chapter; to comply with certain  posted  maximum  speed  limits  in
 violation  of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work
 area through the installation and operation  of  photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
 to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight  restrictions  in
 violation  of  section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
 rules of the department of  transportation  of  the  city  of  New  York
 through  the  installation  and  operation  of weigh in motion violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or]
 to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as  defined  by
 article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter in violation of the rules of the
 department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal-
 lation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in  accord-
 ance  with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER
 THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE  PHOTO
 DEVICES,  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER; or
 making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of  such  notice.
 Pleas  entered  and allegations contested within that period shall be in
 the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penal-
 ty or fee. Such notice  of  impending  default  judgment  shall  not  be
 required  prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera-
 tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of  New  York.  In  no
 S. 1891                            18
 
 case  shall  a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice
 of impending default judgment be sent, more than  two  years  after  the
 expiration  of  the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an
 allegation.    When  a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing them, [he or she] SUCH EXAMINER shall impose no greater  penalty  or
 fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 8. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of  the  vehicle  and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of part MM of
 chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
 traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the  registrant  or  [his  or  her]  THEIR
 representative  failed  to  appear  on the return date or any subsequent
 adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an
 administrative  tribunal following entry of a final decision in response
 to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate,
 issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that:  (i)  such
 motor  vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi-
 cle was operated for hire by the registrant or [his or her] THEIR  agent
 without  being  licensed  as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate
 local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of  this  chapter
 or  of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority;
 or (ii) the registrant was liable for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for  failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-con-
 trol indications through the installation and operation of  traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle  twenty-four of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable for
 a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter  imposed  pursuant to a demonstration
 program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for  fail-
 ure  of  an  operator  thereof  to comply with such posted maximum speed
 limits through the installation and operation of photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
 or  (iv)  the  registrant  was  liable  for  a  violation  of  bus  lane
 restrictions  as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed
 pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary  liability  on
 the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
 such bus lane restrictions through the installation and operation of bus
 lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter;  or (v) the registrant was liable for a violation of section eleven
 hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting a  school  bus  marked
 and  equipped  as  provided  in  subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of
 section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red
 visual  signals  through  the  installation  and operation of school bus
 photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with  article  twenty-
 nine  of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable for a violation
 of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and  the  rules  of
 the  department of transportation of the city of New York in relation to
 gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a
 S. 1891                            19
 
 weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 such  gross  vehicle  weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the
 installation  and  operation  of  weigh  in  motion violation monitoring
 systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter;  or  (vii)  the
 registrant  was  liable  for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to
 a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for  failure  of an operator thereof to comply with such posted
 maximum speed limits within a highway construction or  maintenance  work
 area  through  the  installation  and operation of photo speed violation
 monitoring  systems,  in  accordance  with  article   thirty   of   this
 chapter[,];  or  (viii) the registrant was liable for a violation of bus
 operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article  twenty-four
 of  this  chapter  imposed  pursuant to a demonstration program imposing
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof  to  comply  with such bus operation-related traffic regulations
 through the installation and operation of  bus  operation-related  photo
 devices,  in  accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter[,]; OR
 (IX) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING  PARK-
 ING  RULES  AS  DEFINED  BY  ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED
 PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER  OF  A
 VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE OF AN  OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF  STREET
 CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR
 OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or [his or her] THEIR agent shall deny
 the registration or renewal application  until  the  applicant  provides
 proof  from the court, traffic and parking violations agency or adminis-
 trative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an  appearance  or
 answer  has  been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that
 [he or she] SUCH APPLICANT has complied with the rules  and  regulations
 of  said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an applica-
 tion is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may,  in  [his
 or  her] THEIR discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to
 any other person for the same vehicle and may  deny  a  registration  or
 renewal  application  for any other motor vehicle registered in the name
 of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such  regis-
 trant's  intent  has  been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and
 where the commissioner has  reasonable  grounds  to  believe  that  such
 registration  or  renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes
 of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long  as
 the  summonses  remain  unanswered,  or in the case of an administrative
 tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and  regulations
 following entry of a final decision.
   §  9.  Subdivision 1-a of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 9 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1-a.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  subdivision  one  of  this
 section,  the  provisions  of  subdivision one of this section shall not
 apply to an adjudication of liability of owners: (a) for  violations  of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed
 pursuant  to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 traffic-control  indications  through  the installation and operation of
 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this  chapter;  or  (b)  for  violations  of
 S. 1891                            20
 
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter imposed pursuant to  a  demonstration  program  imposing
 monetary  liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
 thereof  to  comply  with  such  posted maximum speed limits through the
 installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring  systems,
 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or (c) for violations
 of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter  imposed  pursuant  to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary
 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator  thereof
 to  comply  with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and
 operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article  twenty-
 four  of  this  chapter;  or (d) for violations of toll collection regu-
 lations imposed by  certain  public  authorities  pursuant  to  the  law
 authorizing  such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 toll  collection  regulations  of  such  public  authorities through the
 installation and operation of photo-monitoring  systems,  in  accordance
 with  the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty; or (e) for violations of section eleven hundred  seventy-
 four  of  this  chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as
 provided in  subdivisions  twenty  and  twenty-one-c  of  section  three
 hundred  seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or
 ordinance imposing monetary liability on the  owner  of  a  vehicle  for
 failure  of  an  operator  thereof  to comply with school bus red visual
 signals through the installation  and  operation  of  school  bus  photo
 violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
 this chapter; or (f) for violations of section three hundred eighty-five
 of this chapter and the rules of the department of transportation of the
 city of New York in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle  weight
 violations  imposed  pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program
 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of  an
 operator  thereof  to  comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle
 weight restrictions through the installation and operation of  weigh  in
 motion  violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of
 this chapter; or (g) for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or  (g)
 of  section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for  failure  of an operator thereof to comply with such posted
 maximum speed limits within a highway construction or  maintenance  work
 area  through  the  installation  and operation of photo speed violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of  this  chapter;
 or  (h)  for  violations of bus operation-related traffic regulations as
 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-four of this chapter; OR (I) FOR VIOLATIONS OF STREET CLEANING  PARK-
 ING  RULES  AS  DEFINED  BY  ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED
 PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER  OF  A
 VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE  OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF  STREET
 CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR
 OF THIS CHAPTER.
 S. 1891                            21
 
   § 10. Subdivision 1 of section 1809-a of the vehicle and traffic  law,
 as  amended  by section 10 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023,
 is amended to read as follows:
   1. The provisions of any other general or special law notwithstanding,
 whenever,  in a city having a population of one hundred thousand or more
 according  to  the  nineteen  hundred  eighty  United   States   census,
 proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court result in a finding
 of liability, or conviction for the violation of any statute, local law,
 ordinance or rule involving the parking, stopping or standing of a motor
 vehicle,  except  (A)  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of bus operation-related traffic  regulations  as  defined  by
 article  twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration
 program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for  fail-
 ure  of  an  operator  thereof to comply with such bus operation-related
 traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus opera-
 tion-related photo devices, in accordance with  article  twenty-four  of
 this  chapter,  OR  (B)  AN  ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY  ARTICLE  TWEN-
 TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED  PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY
 LIABILITY  ON  THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF
 TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE  INSTALLA-
 TION  AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be  levied  a
 mandatory  surcharge  in addition to any other sentence, fine or penalty
 otherwise permitted or required, in the amount of fifteen dollars.  Such
 surcharge  shall  not  be  deemed a monetary penalty for the purposes of
 section two hundred thirty-seven of this chapter or  section  19-203  of
 the administrative code of the city of New York.
   § 11. Subdivision 1 of section 1809-aa of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as  amended  by section 11 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023,
 is amended to read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 an administrative tribunal  or  court  result  in  a  conviction  for  a
 violation  of  section  twelve  hundred,  twelve  hundred  one or twelve
 hundred two of this chapter, except (A) an adjudication of liability  of
 an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as
 defined  by  article  twenty-four  of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-four  of  this  chapter,  OR  (B)  AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS  DEFINED    BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR    OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM
 IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER  OF  A VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE
 OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES
 THROUGH  THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO
 DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there
 shall be levied a mandatory surcharge in addition to any other sentence,
 fine  or penalty otherwise permitted or required, in the amount of twen-
 ty-five dollars.
   § 12. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 12 of part MM of chapter 56 of
 the laws of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 S. 1891                            22
 
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation  adopted  pursuant  to  this  chapter,  except: (i) a traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, or  parking  or  violations  by
 pedestrians  or  bicyclists; and (ii) an adjudication of liability of an
 owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the installa-
 tion  and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring
 systems, in accordance with article twenty-four  of  this  chapter;  and
 (iii) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
 vision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing  mone-
 tary  liability  on  the  owner  of a vehicle for failure of an operator
 thereof to comply with such posted  maximum  speed  limits  through  the
 installation  and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,
 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; and (iv)  an  adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of bus lane restrictions
 as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of  a
 vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane
 restrictions through the installation and operation of  bus  lane  photo
 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and (v)
 an  adjudication  of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of toll
 collection regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to
 the law authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability
 on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof  to  comply
 with  toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the
 installation and operation of photo-monitoring  systems,  in  accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty;  and
 (vi) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section
 eleven  hundred  seventy-four  of this chapter when meeting a school bus
 marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and  twenty-one-c
 of  section  three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant
 to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner  of
 a  vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus
 red visual signals through the installation and operation of school  bus
 photo  violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-
 nine of this chapter; and (vii) an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and
 the rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York in
 relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight  violations  imposed
 pursuant  to  a  weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary
 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator  thereof
 to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions
 through  the  installation  and  operation  of weigh in motion violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter;  and
 (viii)  an  adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section  eleven  hundred  eighty  of
 this  chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone-
 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle  for  failure  of  an  operator
 thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway
 S. 1891                            23
 
 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
 ation  of  photo  speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
 article thirty of this chapter; and (ix) an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as
 defined  by  article  twenty-four  of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-four  of  this  chapter;  AND  (X) AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING  RULES  AS  DEFINED  BY
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOS-
 ING  MONETARY  LIABILITY    ON  THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN
 OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY  WITH  SUCH  STREET  CLEANING  PARKING  RULES
 THROUGH  THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO
 DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there
 shall  be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge
 required or permitted by law, an additional  surcharge  of  twenty-eight
 dollars.
   §  13.  Subdivision  2  of  section  87  of the public officers law is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (v) to read as follows:
   (V) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGES  PREPARED  UNDER  AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-I OF
 THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   § 14. The purchase or lease of equipment for a  demonstration  program
 established  pursuant  to section 1111-i of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as added by section one of this act, shall be subject to the  provisions
 of section 103 of the general municipal law.
   § 15. This act shall take effect one year after it shall have become a
 law; provided, however, that sections one, thirteen and fourteen of this
 act  shall  expire  July  1, 2030, when upon such date the provisions of
 such sections shall be deemed repealed; provided further, however, that:
   (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809-a of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law  made  by section ten of this act shall not affect the
 repeal of such section and shall be deemed repealed therewith; and
   (b) effective immediately, the addition, amendment  and/or  repeal  of
 any  rule  or regulation necessary for the implementation of section one
 of this act on  its  effective  date  are  authorized  to  be  made  and
 completed on or before such effective date.

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