NY State Senate Bill 2025-S6271A

Senate Bill S6271A

2025-2026 Legislative Session

Grants superior court judges the authority to issue a temporary order of protection when an action is pending in a local criminal court

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Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Codes Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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Actions

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	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Mar 12, 2025	print number 6271a
Mar 12, 2025	amend and recommit to codes
Mar 07, 2025	referred to codes

Bill Amendments

Original

A (Active)

co-Sponsors

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2025-S6271 - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A6455
Current Committee:: Senate Codes
Law Section:: Criminal Procedure Law
Laws Affected:: Add §530.15, amd §530.30, CP L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2021-2022: S2832, A4558
2023-2024: S3066, A3750

2025-S6271 - Summary

Authorizes courts to hold evidentiary hearings for a temporary order of protection in certain circumstances; grants superior court judges the authority to issue a temporary order of protection when an action is pending in a local criminal court in certain circumstances.

2025-S6271 - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S6271

SPONSOR: RAMOS
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the criminal procedure law, in relation to the issuance
of temporary orders of protection when an action is pending in a local
criminal court

 
PURPOSE:

This bill will add a section to the Criminal Procedure Law that will
codify recent case law enabling accused parties in criminal proceedings
to request a hearing when temporary orders of protection are issued
against them. These temporary orders can cause homelessness, job loss,
immigration consequences, and family separation. This change will give
judges the opportunity to assess information and determine whether
temporary orders are necessary to protect the parties.

 
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:

Section 1 of the bill adds Section 530.15 of the Criminal Procedure Law.

Section 2 of the bill amends subdivisions 1 and 2 of Section 530.30 of
the Criminal Procedure Law.

Section 3 sets the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

During New York criminal court arraignments, judges issue full temporary
orders of protection ("TOPs") as a matter of course in nearly every case
where there is a complaining witness. These orders require the person
charged to stay away from the home and place of business of the
complaining witness. Prosecutors ask for TOPs based almost entirely on
the representation of law enforcement officers who act with incomplete
information and biases. As a result, TOPs are often issued against
survivors who were protecting themselves, teenagers and young people
that get into altercations with parents regardless of who is the initial
aggressor, and LGBTQ+ people and populations who present as "other" even
when they are defending themselves. TOPs typically last until the under-
lying case resolves-a process that can take months or even years-and
many are issued against the wishes of the protected parties. Some are
even issued against both or multiple parties.

Unlike many other states and the District of Columbia, New York does not
have a codified process for accused persons or protected parties to be
heard when these orders are issued. Recognizing this, the New York
Appellate Division, First Department recently ruled in Matter of Craw-
ford v. Ally (June 24th, 2021), that when a temporary stay-away order is
issued which implicates a defendant's due process rights, the Criminal
Court should conduct a "prompt evidentiary hearing," thereafter. The
case bears the name of Shamika Craword who was rendered homeless by a
stay away order--removed from her own New York City Housing Authority
apartment and separated from her children for nearly three months. This
hearing would offer an opportunity for a judge to examine the facts more
closely than they could at arraignment to decide if the order should
remain in place, or be limited. However, the Crawford decision leaves

numerous details open to interpretation by the courts, and as a result
the ruling has been undermined and applied in an inconsistent manner.

The Promoting Pre-Trial (PromPT) Stability Act codifies Crawford's hold-
ing into law while clarifying key details of hearings. This bill ensures
that due process is complied with and that there is uniform application
of the decision across the State. It allows judges to respond to the
unique needs of a particular case or relationship, while also allowing
families to work out their differences, and teenagers and young adults
to stay in their family's homes.  Importantly, judges will make deci-
sions as to the propriety of stay-away orders based upon more complete
information than they have at arraignment.

Notably, this bill will not lead to the vacatur of all TOPs.  Prosecu-
tors are still authorized to ask for TOPs, and judges will have
discretion to issue these orders, or modify them, when they are appro-
priate and necessary for the safety of the protected party.  Further,
this legislation only concerns criminal court TOPS, parties can continue
to petition family court for civil orders of protection.  This bill does
not require protected parties to testify in these hearings, but it does
give them an opportunity to be heard if they choose. Further, this bill
ensures hearings occur expeditiously so that accused parties can avoid
significant harms caused by improper TOPs.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2023-24: S3066B - Referred to Codes

 
FISCAL IMPACT:

To Be Determined

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect immediately.

2025-S6271 - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   6271
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                               March 7, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sens. RAMOS, KAVANAGH, MYRIE, RIVERA, SALAZAR, SEPULVEDA
   -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to
   the Committee on Codes
 
 AN ACT to amend the criminal procedure law, in relation to the  issuance
   of temporary orders of protection when an action is pending in a local
   criminal court

   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. The criminal procedure law  is  amended  by  adding  a  new
 section 530.15 to read as follows:
 § 530.15 TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION HEARING.
   WHERE  A  COURT HAS ISSUED A TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION 530.12 OF THIS ARTICLE OR SUBDIVISION ONE  OF
 SECTION  530.13  OF  THIS  ARTICLE, UPON APPLICATION OF A DEFENDANT, THE
 COURT SHALL HOLD AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING WHERE THE PROSECUTOR MUST  SHOW,
 BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE, THAT THE TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION
 IS  NECESSARY  TO ACHIEVE ITS PURPOSE OF PROTECTING A DESIGNATED WITNESS
 OR COMPLAINANT FROM INTIMIDATION OR INJURY.
   (A) THE DEFENDANT SHALL BE ENTITLED TO SUCH HEARING WITHIN ONE HUNDRED
 TWENTY HOURS OF REQUESTING SUCH HEARING OR, IN THE EVENT THAT  A  SATUR-
 DAY,  SUNDAY,  OR  LEGAL  HOLIDAY  OCCURS, WITHIN ONE HUNDRED FORTY-FOUR
 HOURS OF REQUESTING SUCH HEARING.  NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN BY THE COURT  TO
 BOTH PARTIES, AS WELL AS THE PARTY PROTECTED BY THE ORDER OF PROTECTION,
 IN  ADVANCE  OF THE HEARING.  SUCH NOTICE SHALL DETAIL THE RIGHTS OF THE
 PROTECTED PARTY WITH RESPECT TO THE HEARING AND DESCRIBE  THE  DIFFERENT
 TYPES OF TEMPORARY ORDERS OF PROTECTION AVAILABLE.
   (B)  AT  THE  HEARING,  THE  PROSECUTION MUST PRESENT RELEVANT WITNESS
 TESTIMONY, OR ADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE, SUBJECT TO CROSS-EXAMINATION,  THOUGH
 THE WITNESS NEED NOT BE THE PARTY PROTECTED BY THE ORDER.
   (C)  THE COURT SHALL STATE ON THE RECORD OR IN WRITING ITS FINDINGS OF
 FACTS AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW, THE REASONS FOR MAINTAINING, VACATING,  OR
 MODIFYING  THE TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION, AND, WHERE APPLICABLE, WHY
 THE TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION IS NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE ITS PURPOSE OF
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets

                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD03134-01-5
 S. 6271                             2
 
 PROTECTING A DESIGNATED WITNESS  OR  COMPLAINANT  FROM  INTIMIDATION  OR
 INJURY.
   § 2. Section 530.30 of the criminal procedure law, the section heading
 and subdivisions 1 and 2 as amended by section 17 of part JJJ of chapter
 59  of  the  laws  of  2019,  the  closing paragraph of subdivision 1 as
 amended by section 7 of subpart A of part VV of chapter 56 of  the  laws
 of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
 § 530.30 Order of recognizance, release under non-monetary conditions or
            bail OR ISSUANCE OF A TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION; by supe-
            rior  court  judge  when  action is pending in local criminal
            court.
   1. When a criminal action is pending in a local criminal court,  other
 than  one  consisting of a superior court judge sitting as such, a judge
 of a superior court holding a term thereof in the county, upon  applica-
 tion  of a defendant, may order recognizance, release under non-monetary
 conditions or, where authorized, bail when such local criminal court:
   (a) Lacks authority to issue such an order, pursuant to  the  relevant
 provisions of section 530.20 of this article; or
   (b) Has denied an application for recognizance, release under non-mon-
 etary conditions or bail; or
   (c) Has fixed bail, where authorized, which is excessive; or
   (d)  Has set a securing order of release under non-monetary conditions
 which are more restrictive  than  necessary  to  reasonably  assure  the
 defendant's return to court.
   In  such  case, such superior court judge may vacate the order of such
 local criminal court and release the defendant on recognizance or  under
 non-monetary  conditions,  or  where  authorized,  fix  bail in a lesser
 amount or in a less burdensome form, or order non-monetary conditions in
 conjunction with fixing bail, including fixing bail in a  lesser  amount
 or  in a less burdensome form, the determination for which shall be made
 in accordance with section 510.10 of this title. The court shall explain
 the basis for its determination and choice  of  securing  order  on  the
 record or in writing.
   2.  WHEN A CRIMINAL ACTION IS PENDING IN A LOCAL CRIMINAL COURT, OTHER
 THAN ONE CONSISTING OF A SUPERIOR COURT JUDGE SITTING AS SUCH,  AND  THE
 LOCAL CRIMINAL COURT HAS DENIED A REQUEST TO MODIFY OR LIMIT A TEMPORARY
 ORDER OF PROTECTION ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION 530.12
 OF  THIS  ARTICLE  OR SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION 530.13 OF THIS ARTICLE,
 UPON APPLICATION OF A DEFENDANT, A JUDGE OF THE SUPERIOR COURT HOLDING A
 TERM THEREOF IN THE COUNTY SHALL REVIEW THE DETERMINATION OF  THE  LOCAL
 CRIMINAL  COURT  DE NOVO AND MAY VACATE OR MODIFY THE ORDER OF THE LOCAL
 CRIMINAL COURT. A COURT'S FAILURE TO COMPLY  WITH  THE  REQUIREMENTS  OF
 SECTION 530.15 OF THIS ARTICLE IS REVIEWABLE UNDER THIS SECTION.
   3.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions of subdivision one OR TWO of this
 section, when the defendant is charged with a felony in a local criminal
 court, a superior court judge may not order recognizance, release  under
 non-monetary  conditions or, where authorized, bail, OR VACATE OR MODIFY
 A TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION unless and until the  district  attorney
 has  had  an  opportunity  to  be heard in the matter and such judge and
 counsel for the defendant have been furnished with a report as described
 in subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (b)  of  subdivision  two  of  section
 530.20 of this article.
   [3.]  4.  Not  more  than one application may be made pursuant to EACH
 SUBDIVISION OF this section.
   § 3. This act shall take effect immediately.

co-Sponsors

View additional co-sponsors

2025-S6271A (ACTIVE) - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A6455
Current Committee:: Senate Codes
Law Section:: Criminal Procedure Law
Laws Affected:: Add §530.15, amd §530.30, CP L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2021-2022: S2832, A4558
2023-2024: S3066, A3750

2025-S6271A (ACTIVE) - Summary

2025-S6271A (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S6271A

SPONSOR: RAMOS
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the criminal procedure law, in relation to the issuance
of temporary orders of protection when an action is pending in a local
criminal court

 
PURPOSE:

This bill will add a section to the Criminal Procedure Law that will
codify recent case law enabling accused parties in criminal proceedings
to request a hearing when temporary orders of protection are issued
against them. These temporary orders can cause homelessness, job loss,
immigration consequences, and family separation. This change will give
judges the opportunity to assess information and determine whether
temporary orders are necessary to protect the parties.

 
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:

Section 1 of the bill adds Section 530.15 of the Criminal Procedure Law.

Section 2 of the bill amends subdivisions 1 and 2 of Section 530.30 of
the Criminal Procedure Law.

Section 3 sets the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

During New York criminal court arraignments, judges issue full temporary
orders of protection ("TOPs") as a matter of course in nearly every case
where there is a complaining witness. These orders require the person
charged to stay away from the home and place of business of the
complaining witness. Prosecutors ask for TOPs based almost entirely on
the representation of law enforcement officers who act with incomplete
information and biases. As a result, TOPs are often issued against
survivors who were protecting themselves, teenagers and young people
that get into altercations with parents regardless of who is the initial
aggressor, and LGBTQ+ people and populations who present as "other" even
when they are defending themselves. TOPs typically last until the under-
lying case resolves-a process that can take months or even years-and
many are issued against the wishes of the protected parties. Some are
even issued against both or multiple parties.

Unlike many other states and the District of Columbia, New York does not
have a codified process for accused persons or protected parties to be
heard when these orders are issued. Recognizing this, the New York
Appellate Division, First Department recently ruled in Matter of Craw-
ford v. Ally (June 24th, 2021), that when a temporary stay-away order is
issued which implicates a defendant's due process rights, the Criminal
Court should conduct a "prompt evidentiary hearing," thereafter. The
case bears the name of Shamika Craword who was rendered homeless by a
stay away order--removed from her own New York City Housing Authority
apartment and separated from her children for nearly three months. This
hearing would offer an opportunity for a judge to examine the facts more
closely than they could at arraignment to decide if the order should
remain in place, or be limited. However, the Crawford decision leaves

numerous details open to interpretation by the courts, and as a result
the ruling has been undermined and applied in an inconsistent manner.

The Promoting Pre-Trial (PromPT) Stability Act codifies Crawford's hold-
ing into law while clarifying key details of hearings. This bill ensures
that due process is complied with and that there is uniform application
of the decision across the State. It allows judges to respond to the
unique needs of a particular case or relationship, while also allowing
families to work out their differences, and teenagers and young adults
to stay in their family's homes.  Importantly, judges will make deci-
sions as to the propriety of stay-away orders based upon more complete
information than they have at arraignment.

Notably, this bill will not lead to the vacatur of all TOPs.  Prosecu-
tors are still authorized to ask for TOPs, and judges will have
discretion to issue these orders, or modify them, when they are appro-
priate and necessary for the safety of the protected party.  Further,
this legislation only concerns criminal court TOPS, parties can continue
to petition family court for civil orders of protection.  This bill does
not require protected parties to testify in these hearings, but it does
give them an opportunity to be heard if they choose. Further, this bill
ensures hearings occur expeditiously so that accused parties can avoid
significant harms caused by improper TOPs.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2023-24: S3066B - Referred to Codes

 
FISCAL IMPACT:

To Be Determined

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect immediately.

2025-S6271A (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  6271--A
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                               March 7, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sens. RAMOS, KAVANAGH, MYRIE, RIVERA, SALAZAR, SEPULVEDA
   -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to
   the Committee on Codes -- committee discharged, bill amended,  ordered
   reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee
 
 AN  ACT to amend the criminal procedure law, in relation to the issuance
   of temporary orders of protection when an action is pending in a local
   criminal court
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  The  criminal  procedure  law  is amended by adding a new
 section 530.15 to read as follows:
 § 530.15 TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION HEARING.
   WHERE A COURT HAS ISSUED A TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION  PURSUANT  TO
 SUBDIVISION  ONE OF SECTION 530.12 OF THIS ARTICLE OR SUBDIVISION ONE OF
 SECTION 530.13 OF THIS ARTICLE, UPON APPLICATION  OF  A  DEFENDANT,  THE
 COURT  SHALL HOLD AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING WHERE THE PROSECUTOR MUST SHOW,
 BY  AN  ARTICULATED  REASONABLE  BASIS,  THAT  THE  TEMPORARY  ORDER  OF
 PROTECTION  IS  LIKELY  TO  ACHIEVE ITS PURPOSE IN THE ABSENCE OF SUCH A
 CONDITION, OF PROTECTING A DESIGNATED WITNESS OR COMPLAINANT FROM INTIM-
 IDATION OR INJURY.
   (A) THE DEFENDANT SHALL BE ENTITLED TO SUCH HEARING WITHIN FIVE  BUSI-
 NESS DAYS OF REQUESTING SUCH HEARING.  NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN BY THE COURT
 TO  BOTH  PARTIES,  AS  WELL  AS  THE  PARTY  PROTECTED  BY THE ORDER OF
 PROTECTION, IN ADVANCE OF THE HEARING.   SUCH NOTICE  SHALL  DETAIL  THE
 RIGHTS  OF  THE PROTECTED PARTY WITH RESPECT TO THE HEARING AND DESCRIBE
 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEMPORARY ORDERS OF PROTECTION AVAILABLE.
   (B) AT THE HEARING, THE  PROSECUTION  MUST  PRESENT  RELEVANT  WITNESS
 TESTIMONY,  SUBJECT  TO CROSS-EXAMINATION.   THE WITNESS NEED NOT BE THE
 PARTY PROTECTED BY THE ORDER.  HEARSAY AND RELEVANT EVIDENCE IS ADMISSI-
 BLE, BUT SHALL BE INTRODUCED THROUGH A WITNESS.
   (C) THE COURT SHALL STATE ON THE RECORD OR IN WRITING ITS FINDINGS  OF
 FACTS  AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW, THE REASONS FOR MAINTAINING, VACATING, OR
 MODIFYING THE TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION, AND, WHERE APPLICABLE,  WHY
 THE TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION IS NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE ITS PURPOSE IN

  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD03134-04-5
 S. 6271--A                          2
 
 THE  ABSENCE  OF SUCH A CONDITION, OF PROTECTING A DESIGNATED WITNESS OR
 COMPLAINANT FROM INTIMIDATION OR INJURY.
   § 2. Section 530.30 of the criminal procedure law, the section heading
 and subdivisions 1 and 2 as amended by section 17 of part JJJ of chapter
 59  of  the  laws  of  2019,  the  closing paragraph of subdivision 1 as
 amended by section 7 of subpart A of part VV of chapter 56 of  the  laws
 of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
 § 530.30 Order of recognizance, release under non-monetary conditions or
            bail OR ISSUANCE OF A TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION; by supe-
            rior  court  judge  when  action is pending in local criminal
            court.
   1. When a criminal action is pending in a local criminal court,  other
 than  one  consisting of a superior court judge sitting as such, a judge
 of a superior court holding a term thereof in the county, upon  applica-
 tion  of a defendant, may order recognizance, release under non-monetary
 conditions or, where authorized, bail when such local criminal court:
   (a) Lacks authority to issue such an order, pursuant to  the  relevant
 provisions of section 530.20 of this article; or
   (b) Has denied an application for recognizance, release under non-mon-
 etary conditions or bail; or
   (c) Has fixed bail, where authorized, which is excessive; or
   (d)  Has set a securing order of release under non-monetary conditions
 which are more restrictive  than  necessary  to  reasonably  assure  the
 defendant's return to court.
   In  such  case, such superior court judge may vacate the order of such
 local criminal court and release the defendant on recognizance or  under
 non-monetary  conditions,  or  where  authorized,  fix  bail in a lesser
 amount or in a less burdensome form, or order non-monetary conditions in
 conjunction with fixing bail, including fixing bail in a  lesser  amount
 or  in a less burdensome form, the determination for which shall be made
 in accordance with section 510.10 of this title. The court shall explain
 the basis for its determination and choice  of  securing  order  on  the
 record or in writing.
   2.  WHEN A CRIMINAL ACTION IS PENDING IN A LOCAL CRIMINAL COURT, OTHER
 THAN ONE CONSISTING OF A SUPERIOR COURT JUDGE SITTING AS SUCH,  AND  THE
 LOCAL CRIMINAL COURT HAS DENIED A REQUEST TO MODIFY OR LIMIT A TEMPORARY
 ORDER OF PROTECTION ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION 530.12
 OF  THIS  ARTICLE  OR SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION 530.13 OF THIS ARTICLE,
 UPON APPLICATION OF A DEFENDANT, A JUDGE OF THE SUPERIOR COURT HOLDING A
 TERM THEREOF IN THE COUNTY SHALL REVIEW THE DETERMINATION OF  THE  LOCAL
 CRIMINAL  COURT  DE NOVO AND MAY VACATE OR MODIFY THE ORDER OF THE LOCAL
 CRIMINAL COURT. A COURT'S FAILURE TO COMPLY  WITH  THE  REQUIREMENTS  OF
 SECTION 530.15 OF THIS ARTICLE IS REVIEWABLE UNDER THIS SECTION.
   3.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions of subdivision one OR TWO of this
 section, when the defendant is charged with a felony in a local criminal
 court, a superior court judge may not order recognizance, release  under
 non-monetary  conditions or, where authorized, bail, OR VACATE OR MODIFY
 A TEMPORARY ORDER OF PROTECTION unless and until the  district  attorney
 has  had  an  opportunity  to  be heard in the matter and such judge and
 counsel for the defendant have been furnished with a report as described
 in subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (b)  of  subdivision  two  of  section
 530.20 of this article.
   [3.]  4.  Not  more  than one application may be made pursuant to EACH
 SUBDIVISION OF this section.
   § 3. This act shall take effect immediately.

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Senate Bill S6271A

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Sponsored By

Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Codes Committee

Bill Amendments

co-Sponsors

2025-S6271 - Details

2025-S6271 - Summary

2025-S6271 - Sponsor Memo

2025-S6271 - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

2025-S6271A (ACTIVE) - Details

2025-S6271A (ACTIVE) - Summary

2025-S6271A (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

2025-S6271A (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

Comments