NY State Senate Bill 2025-S7599

Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Internet And Technology Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

Please enter your contact information

First Name

Last Name

Email Address

A valid email address is required.

Home address is used to determine the senate district in which you reside. Your support or opposition to this bill is then shared immediately with the senator who represents you.

Optional services from the NY State Senate:

Create an account. An account allows you to officially support or oppose key legislation, sign petitions with a single click, and follow issues, committees, and bills that matter to you. When you create an account, you agree to this platform's terms of participation.

Include a custom message for your Senator? (Optional)

Enter a message to your senator. Many New Yorkers use this to share the reasoning behind their support or opposition to the bill. Others might share a personal anecdote about how the bill would affect them or people they care about.

Actions

View Actions

	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Apr 23, 2025	referred to internet and technology

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Details

Current Committee:: Senate Internet And Technology
Law Section:: State Technology Law
Laws Affected:: Add Art 5 §§501 - 504, St Tech L

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Summary

Regulates automated decision-making by government agencies; requires agencies to conduct impact assessments; requires disclosure to the legislature of automated decision-making systems utilized by governmental agencies.

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S7599

SPONSOR: GONZALEZ
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the state technology law, in relation to automated deci-
sion-making by government agencies

 
PURPOSE:

This bill would require that automated decision-making systems used in
certain contexts are subject to continued and operational meaningful
human review, require the regular creation and submission to the legis-
lature of an impact assessment, and require the disclosure of existing
automated decision-making systems.

 
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:

Section 1. Adds a new article 5 to the technology law. Section 501
provides definitions. Section 502 requires human oversight for certain
uses of automated decision-making systems by state agencies.  Section
503 requires state agencies to regularly conduct impact assessments.

Section 504 requires submission to the governor and legislature of the
impact assessments created under Section 503.

Section 2. Requires disclosure of certain information about automated
decision-making systems already in use by a state agency.

Section 3. Sets the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

In 2025, artificial intelligence is already an unavoidable aspect of
everyday life. Its uses range from seemingly innocuous to deeply troubl-
ing. Al is automating historically human-conducted decision-making tasks
and functions to boost productivity. In the public sector context, two
examples of real-world use cases are for benefits eligibility and fraud
detection. However, these systems come with significant risks to securi-
ty and privacy, unknown malfunctions, and the demonstrated potential for
discrimination to occur due to biases in their development and opera-
tion.

Critical to responsible Al is the existence of clear standards around
the use of Al systems. In April 2025, the New York State Office of the
State Comptroller released a report on the use of Al in state government
and found significant variation in A1 policies and A1 adoption among
government agencies and a lack of guidance through the relevant ITS-is-
sued acceptable use policy. Given the unrelenting pace of Al adoption,
the lack of clear policies or other guidance at state agencies pose a
significant risk to the state and the people of the state.

This legislation places clear and reasonable safeguards around the use
of these technologies by state agencies and requires the creation and
dissemination of impact assessments. Any existing automated decision-
making systems in use by a government agency must be disclosed to the
legislature.

A version of this bill passed through b6th houses of the NYS legislature
during the 2024 session. That bill then underwent chapter amendments.
This new version of the bill returns the omitted language and adjusts
the scope.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2025: New bill

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

To be determined.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect immediately, provided that section one of the
act shall take effect one year after it shall have become a law.

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   7599
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              April 23, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by Sen. GONZALEZ -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee on Internet and Technology
 
 AN ACT to amend the state technology law, in relation to automated deci-
   sion-making by government agencies
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  The state technology law is amended by adding a new arti-
 cle 5 to read as follows:
                                  ARTICLE V
             AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING IN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
 SECTION 501. DEFINITIONS.
         502. USE OF  AUTOMATED  DECISION-MAKING  SYSTEMS  BY  GOVERNMENT
                AGENCIES.
         503. IMPACT ASSESSMENTS.
         504. SUBMISSION TO THE GOVERNOR AND LEGISLATURE.
   § 501. DEFINITIONS. FOR THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE:
   1.  "AUTOMATED  DECISION-MAKING  SYSTEM"  SHALL MEAN ANY SOFTWARE THAT
 USES ALGORITHMS, COMPUTATIONAL MODELS, OR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE  TECH-
 NIQUES, OR A COMBINATION THEREOF, TO AUTOMATE, SUPPORT, OR REPLACE HUMAN
 DECISION-MAKING  AND  SHALL  INCLUDE,  WITHOUT  LIMITATION, SYSTEMS THAT
 PROCESS DATA, AND APPLY PREDEFINED RULES OR MACHINE LEARNING  ALGORITHMS
 TO   ANALYZE  SUCH  DATA,  AND  GENERATE  CONCLUSIONS,  RECOMMENDATIONS,
 OUTCOMES, ASSUMPTIONS, PROJECTIONS, OR  PREDICTIONS  WITHOUT  MEANINGFUL
 HUMAN  DISCRETION.  "AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM" SHALL NOT INCLUDE
 ANY SOFTWARE USED PRIMARILY FOR BASIC COMPUTERIZED  PROCESSES,  SUCH  AS
 CALCULATORS,  SPELLCHECK  TOOLS,  AUTOCORRECT  FUNCTIONS,  SPREADSHEETS,
 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, OR ANY TOOL THAT  RELATES  ONLY  TO  INTERNAL
 MANAGEMENT  AFFAIRS  SUCH  AS  ORDERING  OFFICE  SUPPLIES  OR PROCESSING
 PAYMENTS, AND THAT DO NOT MATERIALLY AFFECT THE RIGHTS, LIBERTIES, BENE-
 FITS, SAFETY OR WELFARE OF ANY INDIVIDUAL WITHIN THE STATE.
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD11535-02-5
 S. 7599                             2

 
   2. "MEANINGFUL HUMAN REVIEW" MEANS REVIEW, OVERSIGHT  AND  CONTROL  OF
 THE  AUTOMATED  DECISION-MAKING  PROCESS  BY ONE OR MORE INDIVIDUALS WHO
 UNDERSTAND THE RISKS, LIMITATIONS, AND FUNCTIONALITY OF, AND ARE TRAINED
 TO USE, THE AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM AND WHO HAVE THE  AUTHORITY
 TO  INTERVENE  OR  ALTER  THE  DECISION  UNDER REVIEW, INCLUDING BUT NOT
 LIMITED TO THE ABILITY TO APPROVE, DENY, OR MODIFY ANY  DECISION  RECOM-
 MENDED OR MADE BY THE AUTOMATED SYSTEM.
   3.  "GOVERNMENT  AGENCY"  SHALL  MEAN: (A) THE STATE OR CIVIL DIVISION
 THEREOF; (B) A COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE;  (C)  A  SCHOOL  DISTRICT,
 BOARD  OF  COOPERATIVE  EDUCATIONAL  SERVICES,  VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND
 EXTENSION BOARD  OR A SCHOOL DISTRICT AS ENUMERATED IN  SECTION  ONE  OF
 CHAPTER  FIVE  HUNDRED  SIXTY-SIX OF THE LAWS OF NINETEEN HUNDRED SIXTY-
 SEVEN, AS AMENDED; (D) THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK;  (E)  THE  CITY
 UNIVERSITY  OF  NEW  YORK;  (F) A PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT OR SPECIAL DISTRICT
 INCLUDING POLICE OR FIRE DISTRICTS; (G) A PUBLIC  AUTHORITY,  COMMISSION
 OR  PUBLIC  BENEFIT  CORPORATION;  OR  (H) ANY OTHER PUBLIC CORPORATION,
 AGENCY, INSTRUMENTALITY OR UNIT OF GOVERNMENT  WHICH  EXERCISES  GOVERN-
 MENTAL POWER UNDER THE LAWS OF THIS STATE.
   4. "PUBLIC ASSISTANCE BENEFIT" SHALL MEAN ANY SERVICE OR PROGRAM WITH-
 IN  THE  CONTROL OF THE STATE, OR BENEFIT PROVIDED BY THE STATE TO INDI-
 VIDUALS OR HOUSEHOLDS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO  PUBLIC  ASSISTANCE,
 CASH  ASSISTANCE,  GRANTS,  CHILD  CARE  ASSISTANCE, HOUSING ASSISTANCE,
 UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS, TRANSPORTATION  BENEFITS,  EDUCATION  ASSISTANCE,
 DOMESTIC  VIOLENCE  SERVICES, AND ANY OTHER ASSISTANCE OR BENEFIT WITHIN
 THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE TO GRANT TO  INDIVIDUALS  WITHIN  THE  STATE.
 THIS  SHALL  NOT INCLUDE ANY FEDERAL PROGRAM THAT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE
 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR THE STATE.
   § 502. USE OF AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEMS  BY  GOVERNMENT  AGEN-
 CIES.  1.  NO  GOVERNMENT AGENCY, OR ANY ENTITY ACTING ON BEHALF OF SUCH
 AGENCY, WHICH UTILIZES OR APPLIES ANY AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING  SYSTEM,
 DIRECTLY  OR INDIRECTLY, IN PERFORMING ANY FUNCTION THAT: (A) IS RELATED
 TO THE DELIVERY OF ANY PUBLIC ASSISTANCE BENEFIT; (B) WILL HAVE A  MATE-
 RIAL  IMPACT  ON  THE  RIGHTS, CIVIL LIBERTIES, SAFETY OR WELFARE OF ANY
 INDIVIDUAL WITHIN THE STATE; OR (C) AFFECTS ANY STATUTORILY OR CONSTITU-
 TIONALLY PROVIDED RIGHT OF AN INDIVIDUAL, SHALL UTILIZE  SUCH  AUTOMATED
 DECISION-MAKING  SYSTEM, UNLESS SUCH AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM IS
 SUBJECT TO CONTINUED AND OPERATIONAL MEANINGFUL HUMAN REVIEW.
   2. NO GOVERNMENT AGENCY SHALL AUTHORIZE ANY PROCUREMENT,  PURCHASE  OR
 ACQUISITION OF ANY SERVICE OR SYSTEM UTILIZING, OR RELYING ON, AUTOMATED
 DECISION-MAKING  SYSTEMS IN PERFORMING ANY FUNCTION THAT IS: (A) RELATED
 TO THE DELIVERY OF ANY PUBLIC ASSISTANCE BENEFIT; (B) WILL HAVE A  MATE-
 RIAL  IMPACT  ON  THE  RIGHTS, CIVIL LIBERTIES, SAFETY OR WELFARE OF ANY
 INDIVIDUAL WITHIN THE STATE; OR (C) AFFECTS ANY STATUTORILY OR CONSTITU-
 TIONALLY PROVIDED RIGHT OF AN INDIVIDUAL  UNLESS  SUCH  AUTOMATED  DECI-
 SION-MAKING  SYSTEM  IS  SUBJECT TO CONTINUED AND OPERATIONAL MEANINGFUL
 HUMAN REVIEW.
   § 503. IMPACT ASSESSMENTS. 1. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES SEEKING  TO  UTILIZE
 OR  APPLY  AN  AUTOMATED  DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM PERMITTED UNDER SECTION
 FIVE HUNDRED TWO OF THIS ARTICLE WITH CONTINUED AND OPERATIONAL MEANING-
 FUL HUMAN REVIEW SHALL CONDUCT OR HAVE CONDUCTED  AN  IMPACT  ASSESSMENT
 SUBSTANTIALLY  COMPLETED  AND BEARING THE SIGNATURE OF ONE OR MORE INDI-
 VIDUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR MEANINGFUL HUMAN REVIEW FOR THE LAWFUL  APPLICA-
 TION  AND  USE  OF  SUCH AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM. FOLLOWING THE
 FIRST IMPACT ASSESSMENT, AN IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  SHALL  BE  CONDUCTED  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  THIS  SECTION AT LEAST ONCE EVERY TWO YEARS. AN IMPACT
 ASSESSMENT SHALL BE CONDUCTED PRIOR TO ANY MATERIAL CHANGE TO THE  AUTO-
 S. 7599                             3
 
 MATED  DECISION-MAKING  SYSTEM  THAT MAY CHANGE THE OUTCOME OR EFFECT OF
 SUCH SYSTEM.  SUCH IMPACT ASSESSMENTS SHALL INCLUDE:
   (A)  A  DESCRIPTION OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING
 SYSTEM;
   (B) AN EVALUATION OF THE  ABILITY  OF  THE  AUTOMATED  DECISION-MAKING
 SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE ITS STATED OBJECTIVES;
   (C)  A DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF THE OBJECTIVES AND DEVELOPMENT OF
 THE AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING INCLUDING:
   (I) A SUMMARY OF THE UNDERLYING ALGORITHMS, COMPUTATIONAL  MODES,  AND
 ARTIFICIAL  INTELLIGENCE  TOOLS THAT ARE USED WITHIN THE AUTOMATED DECI-
 SION-MAKING SYSTEM; AND
   (II) THE DESIGN AND TRAINING DATA USED TO DEVELOP THE AUTOMATED  DECI-
 SION-MAKING SYSTEM PROCESS;
   (D) TESTING FOR:
   (I)  ACCURACY, FAIRNESS, BIAS AND DISCRIMINATION, AND AN ASSESSMENT OF
 WHETHER THE USE OF THE AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM PRODUCES DISCRI-
 MINATORY RESULTS ON THE BASIS OF A CONSUMER'S OR A CLASS  OF  CONSUMERS'
 ACTUAL  OR  PERCEIVED RACE, COLOR, ETHNICITY, RELIGION, NATIONAL ORIGIN,
 SEX, GENDER, GENDER IDENTITY, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, FAMILIAL STATUS, BIOM-
 ETRIC INFORMATION, LAWFUL SOURCE OF INCOME, OR DISABILITY  AND  OUTLINES
 MITIGATIONS  FOR  ANY  IDENTIFIED  PERFORMANCE  DIFFERENCES  IN OUTCOMES
 ACROSS RELEVANT GROUPS IMPACTED BY SUCH USE;
   (II) ANY CYBERSECURITY VULNERABILITIES  AND  PRIVACY  RISKS  RESULTING
 FROM THE DEPLOYMENT AND USE OF THE AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM, AND
 THE DEVELOPMENT OR EXISTENCE OF SAFEGUARDS TO MITIGATE THE RISKS;
   (III)  ANY PUBLIC HEALTH OR SAFETY RISKS RESULTING FROM THE DEPLOYMENT
 AND USE OF THE AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM;
   (IV) ANY REASONABLY FORESEEABLE MISUSE OF THE AUTOMATED  DECISION-MAK-
 ING  SYSTEM  AND THE DEVELOPMENT OR EXISTENCE OF SAFEGUARDS AGAINST SUCH
 MISUSE;
   (E) THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE DEPLOYMENT AND USE OF THE AUTOMATED  DECI-
 SION-MAKING  SYSTEM  REQUIRES  INPUT OF SENSITIVE AND PERSONAL DATA, HOW
 THAT DATA IS USED AND STORED, AND ANY CONTROL USERS MAY HAVE OVER  THEIR
 DATA; AND
   (F) THE NOTIFICATION MECHANISM OR PROCEDURE, IF ANY, BY WHICH INDIVID-
 UALS IMPACTED BY THE UTILIZATION OF THE AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM
 MAY  BE NOTIFIED OF THE USE OF SUCH AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM AND
 OF THE INDIVIDUAL'S PERSONAL DATA, AND  INFORMED  OF  THEIR  RIGHTS  AND
 OPTIONS RELATING TO SUCH USE.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE OR ANY OTHER LAW, IF
 AN  IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  FINDS  THAT THE AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM
 PRODUCES DISCRIMINATORY OR BIASED OUTCOMES, THE GOVERNMENT AGENCY  SHALL
 CEASE  ANY UTILIZATION, APPLICATION, OR FUNCTION OF SUCH AUTOMATED DECI-
 SION-MAKING SYSTEM, AND OF ANY INFORMATION PRODUCED USING SUCH SYSTEM.
   § 504. SUBMISSION TO THE GOVERNOR  AND  LEGISLATURE.  1.  EACH  IMPACT
 ASSESSMENT  CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE SUBMITTED TO THE
 GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE, AND THE SPEAKER OF  THE
 ASSEMBLY  AT  LEAST THIRTY DAYS PRIOR TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AUTO-
 MATED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM THAT IS  THE  SUBJECT  OF SUCH ASSESSMENT.
   2. (A) THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AN  AUTOMATED  DECISION-MAKING  SYSTEM
 SHALL BE PUBLISHED ON THE WEBSITE OF THE RELEVANT GOVERNMENT AGENCY.
   (B) IF THE GOVERNMENT AGENCY MAKES A DETERMINATION THAT THE DISCLOSURE
 OF  ANY  INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT WOULD RESULT IN A
 SUBSTANTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACT ON HEALTH OR SAFETY OF THE PUBLIC,  INFRINGE
 UPON  THE  PRIVACY  RIGHTS  OF  INDIVIDUALS, OR SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIR THE
 GOVERNMENT AGENCY'S ABILITY TO PROTECT  ITS  INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  OR
 S. 7599                             4
 
 OPERATIONAL  ASSETS, SUCH GOVERNMENT AGENCY MAY REDACT SUCH INFORMATION,
 PROVIDED THAT AN EXPLANATORY STATEMENT  ON  THE  PROCESS  BY  WHICH  THE
 GOVERNMENT  AGENCY  MADE  SUCH DETERMINATION IS PUBLISHED ALONG WITH THE
 REDACTED IMPACT ASSESSMENT.
   (C)  IF  THE  IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  COVERS ANY AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING
 SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES TECHNOLOGY THAT IS USED TO PREVENT, DETECT, PROTECT
 AGAINST OR RESPOND  TO   SECURITY   INCIDENTS,   IDENTITY THEFT,  FRAUD,
 HARASSMENT, MALICIOUS OR DECEPTIVE ACTIVITIES OR OTHER ILLEGAL ACTIVITY,
 PRESERVE  THE INTEGRITY  OR  SECURITY  OF SYSTEMS,  OR  TO  INVESTIGATE,
 REPORT OR PROSECUTE THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY SUCH MALICIOUS  OR  DECEP-
 TIVE  ACTION, SUCH GOVERNMENT AGENCY MAY REDACT SUCH INFORMATION FOR THE
 PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION, PROVIDED THAT AN EXPLANATORY STATEMENT  ON
 THE    PROCESS BY WHICH THE GOVERNMENT AGENCY MADE SUCH DETERMINATION IS
 PUBLISHED ALONG WITH THE REDACTED IMPACT ASSESSMENT.
   § 2. Disclosure of existing  automated  decision-making  systems.  Any
 government  agency,  that  directly or indirectly, utilizes an automated
 decision-making system, as defined in section 501 of the state technolo-
 gy law, shall submit to the legislature a disclosure on the use of  such
 system, no later than one year after the effective date of this section.
 Such disclosure shall include:
   (a)  a description of the automated decision-making system utilized by
 such agency;
   (b) a list of any software vendors related  to  such  automated  deci-
 sion-making system;
   (c) the date that the use of such system began;
   (d)  a  summary  of  the  purpose  and use of such system, including a
 description  of  human  decision-making  and  discretion  supported   or
 replaced by the automated decision-making system;
   (e)  whether  any impact assessments for the automated decision-making
 system were conducted and the dates and summaries of the results of such
 assessments where applicable; and
   (f) any other information deemed relevant by the agency.
   § 3. This act shall take effect immediately, provided that section one
 of this act shall take effect one year after it shall have become a law.

Comments

Open Legislation is a forum for New York State legislation. All comments are subject to review and community moderation is encouraged.

Comments deemed off-topic, commercial, campaign-related, self-promotional; or that contain profanity, hate or toxic speech; or that link to sites outside of the nysenate.gov domain are not permitted, and will not be published. Attempts to intimidate and silence contributors or deliberately deceive the public, including excessive or extraneous posting/posts, or coordinated activity, are prohibited and may result in the temporary or permanent banning of the user. Comment moderation is generally performed Monday through Friday. By contributing or voting you agree to the Terms of Participation and verify you are over 13.

Create an account. An account allows you to sign petitions with a single click, officially support or oppose key legislation, and follow issues, committees, and bills that matter to you. When you create an account, you agree to this platform's terms of participation.

Senate Bill S7599

Sponsored By

Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Internet And Technology Committee

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Details

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Summary

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

Comments

Senate Bill S7599

Share this bill

Sponsored By

Kristen Gonzalez

Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Internet And Technology Committee

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Details

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Summary

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

2025-S7599 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

Comments