§ 1012. Intervention as of right; notice to attorney-general, city,
county, town or village where constitutionality in issue. (a)
Intervention as of right. Upon timely motion, any person shall be
permitted to intervene in any action:

1. when a statute of the state confers an absolute right to intervene;
or

2. when the representation of the person's interest by the parties is
or may be inadequate and the person is or may be bound by the judgment;
or

3. when the action involves the disposition or distribution of, or the
title or a claim for damages for injury to, property and the person may
be affected adversely by the judgment.

(b) Notice to attorney-general, city, county, town or village where
constitutionality in issue. 1. When the constitutionality of a statute
of the state, or a rule and regulation adopted pursuant thereto is
involved in an action to which the state is not a party, the
attorney-general, shall be notified and permitted to intervene in
support of its constitutionality.

2. When the constitutionality of a local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation of a city, county, town or village is involved in an action
to which the city, county, town or village that enacted the provision is
not a party, such city, county, town or village shall be notified and
permitted to intervene in support of its constitutionality.

3. The court having jurisdiction in an action or proceeding in which
the constitutionality of a state statute, local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation is challenged shall not consider any challenge to the
constitutionality of such state statute, local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation unless proof of service of the notice required by this
subdivision is filed with such court.

(c) Notice to comptroller of the state of New York where public
retirement benefits are in issue. Where public retirement benefits,
paid, payable, claimed, or sought to be paid by a state retirement
system or any other retirement system established for public employees
within this state or any subdivision thereof, or the interpretation of
any provisions of law or rules governing any such retirement system or
the operation thereof, are involved in an action to which the
comptroller of the state of New York is not a party, the court shall
notify said comptroller, who shall be permitted, in his discretion, to
intervene in such action or to file a brief amicus curiae.