§ 405.10 Permits for indoor pyrotechnics.

1. Definitions. For the purposes of this section, the following terms
have the following meanings:

a. Airburst. A pyrotechnic device that is suspended in the air to
simulate outdoor aerial fireworks shells without producing hazardous
debris.

b. Areas of public assembly. All buildings or portions of buildings
used for gathering together fifty or more persons for amusement,
athletic, civic, dining, educational, entertainment, patriotic,
political, recreational, religious, social, or similar purposes, the
entire fire area of which they are a part, and the means of egress
therefrom.

c. Assistant. A person who works under the supervision of the
pyrotechnic operator.

d. Audience. Spectators whose primary purpose is to view a
performance.

e. Building. A combination of any materials, whether portable or
fixed, having a roof, to form a structure affording shelter for persons,
animals, or property. The word "building" shall be construed for the
purposes of this section as though followed by the words "or part or
parts thereof", unless the context clearly requires a different meaning.

f. Concussion mortar. A device specifically designed and constructed
to produce a loud noise and a violent jarring shock for dramatic effect
without producing any damage.

g. Fallout area. The area in which any hazardous debris falls after a
pyrotechnic device is fired. The fallout area is defined as a circle
that, in turn, is defined by the fallout radius.

h. Fallout radius. A line that defines the fallout area of a
pyrotechnic device. The line is defined by two points. The first point
is at the center of a pyrotechnic device. The second point is the point
most distant from the center of the pyrotechnic device at which any
hazardous debris from the device can fall.

i. Fire area. The floor area of a story of a building within exterior
walls, party walls, fire walls, or any combination thereof.

j. Hazardous debris. Any debris, produced or expelled by the
functioning of a pyrotechnic device, that is capable of causing personal
injury or unpredicted property damage. This includes, but is not limited
to, hot sparks, heavy casing fragments, and unignited components.
Materials such as confetti, lightweight foam pieces, feathers, or
novelties are not to be construed as hazardous debris.

k. Owner. Any person, agent, firm, association, limited liability
company, partnership, or corporation having a legal or equitable
interest in the property.

l. Performance. The enactment of a musical, dramatic, operatic, or
other entertainment production. The enactment may begin and progress to
its end according to a script, plan, or other preconceived list of
events, or deviate therefrom. A performance includes any encores.

m. Performer. Any person active in a performance during which
pyrotechnics are used and who is not part of the audience or support
personnel. Among others, performers include, but are not limited to,
actors, singers, musicians, and acrobats.

n. Permit authority. The agency authorized to grant and issue the
permits provided for in this section on or within state property shall
be the office of fire prevention and control, in the territory within a
county park shall be the county park commission, or such other agency
having jurisdiction, control, and/or operation of the parks or parkways
within which any pyrotechnics are to be used, in a city shall be the
duly constituted licensing agency thereof and, in the absence of such
agency, shall be an officer designated for the purpose by the
legislative body thereof, in a village shall be an officer designated
for the purpose by the board of trustees thereof, and, in the territory
of a town outside of villages, shall be an officer designated for the
purpose by the town board thereof.

o. Permittee. (1) The person or persons who are responsible, as
provided in subparagraph two of this paragraph, for obtaining the
necessary permit or permits for the use of indoor pyrotechnics in areas
of public assembly or for a production, or who are responsible for
obtaining such permit or permits under an applicable local law or
ordinance authorized pursuant to subdivision five of this section.

(2) The owner of a place of public assembly or building in which
pyrotechnics are to be used shall be responsible for obtaining such
permit or permits; provided, however, that such owner, in writing, by
agreement or lease, may require or otherwise authorize a lessee,
licensee, pyrotechnic operator, or other party to be responsible for
obtaining such permit or permits, in which case such other party or
parties shall be deemed responsible for obtaining such permit or permits
and shall be the permittee for purposes of this article; provided
further that the structure is otherwise appropriate for such use under
the New York state fire prevention and building code or other such
applicable code.

p. Producer. An individual who has overall responsibility for the
operation and management of the performance where the pyrotechnics are
to be used. Generally, the producer is an employee of the promotion
company, entertainment company, festival, theme park, or other
entertainment group.

q. Production. All the performances of a musical, dramatic, operatic,
or other show or series of shows.

r. Pyrotechnic device. Any device containing pyrotechnic materials and
capable of producing a special effect as defined in this subdivision.

s. Pyrotechnic material (Pyrotechnic special effects material). A
chemical mixture used in the entertainment industry to produce visible
or audible effects by combustion, deflagration, or detonation. Such a
chemical mixture consists predominantly of solids capable of producing a
controlled, self-sustaining, and self-contained exothermic chemical
reaction that results in heat, gas, sound, light, or a combination of
these effects. The chemical reaction functions without external oxygen.

t. Pyrotechnic operator (Special effects operator). An individual who
has responsibility for pyrotechnic safety and who controls, initiates,
or otherwise creates special effects.

u. Pyrotechnic special effect. A special effect created through the
use of pyrotechnic materials and devices.

v. Pyrotechnics. Controlled exothermic chemical reactions that are
timed to create the effects of heat, gas, sound, dispersion of aerosols,
emission of visible electromagnetic radiation, or a combination of these
effects to provide the maximum effect from the least volume.

w. Rocket. A pyrotechnic device that moves by the ejection of matter
produced by the internal combustion of propellants.

x. Special effect. A visual or audible effect used for entertainment
purposes, often produced to create an illusion. For example, smoke might
be produced to create the impression of fog being present, or a puff of
smoke, a flash of light, and a loud sound might be produced to create
the impression that a cannon has been fired.

y. Support personnel. Any individual who is not a performer or member
of the audience. Among others, support personnel include the road crew
of any production, stage hands, property masters, security guards, fire
watch officers, janitors, or any other employee.

z. Venue manager. An individual who has overall responsibility for the
operation and management of the facility where pyrotechnics are to be
used in a performance.

2. Permit requirements. a. All uses of all pyrotechnics in areas of
public assembly shall be approved by the permit authority. The permit
authority shall determine that appropriate measures are established to
provided acceptable crowd management, security, fire protection,
(including sprinklers), and other emergency services. All planning and
use of pyrotechnics shall be coordinated with the venue manager and
producer.

b. Before the performance of any production, the permittee shall
submit a plan for the use of pyrotechnics to the permit authority. After
a permit has been granted, the permittee shall keep the plan available
at the site for safety inspectors or other designated agents of the
permit authority. Any addition of pyrotechnics to a performance or any
significant change in the presentation of pyrotechnics shall require
approval by the permit authority, except that reducing the number or
size of pyrotechnics to be used in a performance shall not be considered
to be a significant change in the presentation.

c. (1) The plan for the use of pyrotechnics shall be made in writing
or such other form as is required or approved by the permit authority.

(2) The plan shall provide the following:

(a) Name of the person, group, organization, or other entity
sponsoring the production.

(b) Date and time of day of the production.

(c) Exact location of the production.

(d) Name of the person actually in charge of firing the pyrotechnics
(i.e., the pyrotechnic operator).

(e) Number, names, and ages of all assistants who are to be present.

(f) Qualifications of the pyrotechnic operator.

(g) Pyrotechnic experience of the operator.

(h) Confirmation of any applicable local, state, and federal licenses
held by the operator or assistant.

(i) Evidence of the permittee's insurance carrier or financial
responsibility.

(j) Number and types of pyrotechnic devices and materials to be used,
the operator's experience with those devices and effects, and a
definition of the general responsibilities of assistants.

(k) Diagram of the grounds or facilities where the production is to be
held. This diagram shall show the point at which the pyrotechnic devices
are to be fired, the fallout radius for each pyrotechnic device used in
the performance, the lines behind which the audience shall be
restrained, and the placement of sprinkler systems.

(l) Point of on-site assembly of pyrotechnic devices.

(m) Manner and place of storage of the pyrotechnic materials and
devices.

(n) Material safety data sheet (MSDS) for the pyrotechnic materials to
be used.

(o) Certification that the set, scenery, and rigging materials are
inherently flame-retardant or have been treated to achieve flame
retardancy.

(p) Certification that all materials worn by performers in the fallout
area during use of pyrotechnic effects shall be inherently
flame-retardant or have been treated to achieve flame retardancy.

(3) All plans shall be submitted as soon as is possible so that the
permit authority has time to be present and to notify other interested
parties. In no event shall such advance notice be less than five
business days.

d. A walk-through and a representative demonstration of the
pyrotechnics shall be approved by the permit authority before a permit
is approved. The permit authority may waive this requirement based on
past history, prior knowledge, and other factors; provided that the
authority is confident that the discharge of pyrotechnics can be
conducted safely. The demonstration shall be scheduled with sufficient
time allowed to reset/reload the pyrotechnics before the arrival of the
audience.

e. All pyrotechnic operators shall be at least twenty-one years old
and licensed or approved by the permit authority in accordance with all
applicable laws, if any. All assistants shall be at least eighteen years
old.

3. Conduct of pyrotechnic performances. a. Two or more fire
extinguishers of the proper classification and size as approved by the
permit authority shall be readily accessible while the pyrotechnics are
being loaded, prepared for firing, or fired. In all cases, at least two
pressurized water or pump extinguishers shall be available. Additional
fire extinguishing equipment shall be provided as required by the permit
authority. Personnel who have a working knowledge of the use of the
applicable fire extinguishers shall be present while the pyrotechnics
are being handled, used, or removed. No personnel shall use or handle
pyrotechnic materials or devices while under the influence of
intoxicating beverages, narcotics, controlled substances, and
prescription or nonprescription drugs that can impair judgment. Fire
detection and life safety systems shall not be interrupted during the
operation of pyrotechnic effects.

b. (1) All pyrotechnic devices shall be mounted in a secure manner to
maintain their proper positions and orientations so that, when they are
fired, the pyrotechnic effects described in the plan submitted by the
permittee are produced. Pyrotechnic devices shall be mounted so that no
fallout from the device endangers human lives, results in personal
injury, or damages property. Pyrotechnic materials shall be fired only
from equipment specifically constructed for the purpose of firing
pyrotechnic materials. The pyrotechnic operator shall be responsible for
selecting equipment and materials that are compatible.

(2) Where rockets are launched before an audience, performers, or
support personnel, the rockets shall be attached securely to a guide
wire or cable with both ends securely attached and placed on an
impact-resistant surface located at the terminal end of the guide. This
guide wire or cable shall be of sufficient strength and flame resistance
to withstand the exhaust from the rocket. An effective arrangement to
stop the rocket shall be provided.

(3) Pyrotechnics shall be: (a) placed so that any hazardous debris
falls into a safe, flame-resistant area; (b) fired so that the
trajectory of their pyrotechnic material is not carried over the
audience; and (c) placed for firing so that no flammable materials are
within their fallout area.

(4) Pyrotechnic devices and materials used indoors shall be
specifically manufactured and marked for indoor use by the manufacturer.

(5) Airbursts shall be permitted to be fired above the assembled
audience, subject to the following conditions:

(a) The airburst shall be suspended by a minimum 30-gauge metal wire
that is attached securely to a secure support acceptable to the
authority having jurisdiction.

(b) The airburst shall occur at a minimum height of three times the
diameter of the effect.

(c) Where the effect is demonstrated, there shall be no burning or
glowing particles below the fifteen-foot level above the floor.

c. Each pyrotechnic device fired during a performance shall be
separated from the audience by at least fifteen feet but not by less
than twice the fallout radius of the device. Concussion mortars shall be
separated from the audience by a minimum of twenty-five feet. There
shall be no glowing or flaming particles within ten feet of the
audience.

d. (1) The facility where pyrotechnic materials and devices are
handled and used shall be maintained in a neat and orderly condition and
shall be kept free of any conditions that can create a fire hazard.

(2) Smoking shall not be permitted within twenty-five feet of the area
where pyrotechnics are being handled or fired; provided that smoking by
performers as part of the performance shall be permitted as blocked in
rehearsals and if expressly approved by the pyrotechnic operator and the
permit authority.

e. (1) The pyrotechnic effect operator shall advise all performers and
support personnel that they are exposed to a potentially hazardous
situation when performing or otherwise carrying out their
responsibilities in the vicinity of a pyrotechnic effect. Performers and
support personnel familiar and experienced with the pyrotechnic effects
being used shall be permitted to be in the area of a pyrotechnic effect,
but only voluntarily and in the performance of their duties.

(2) No part, projectile, or debris from the pyrotechnic material or
device shall be propelled so that it damages overhead properties,
overhead equipment, or the ceiling and walls of the facility.

(3) Immediately before any performance, the pyrotechnic operator shall
make a final check of wiring, positions, hook-ups, and pyrotechnic
devices to ensure that they are in proper working order. The pyrotechnic
operator also shall verify safety distances.

(4) The placement and wiring of all pyrotechnic devices shall be
designed to minimize the possibility of performers and support personnel
disturbing the devices during a performance.

(5) The pyrotechnic operator shall exercise extreme care throughout
the performance to ensure that the pyrotechnic devices function
correctly and that the performers, support personnel, and audience are
clear of the devices.

(6) When pyrotechnics are fired, the quantity of smoke developed shall
be controlled so as not to obscure the visibility of exit signs or paths
of egress.

4. Bonds. Before granting and issuing a permit for a use of
pyrotechnics as provided in this section, the permit authority shall
require an adequate bond from the applicant therefor, unless such
applicant is a state entity, county park, city, village, or town, or
from the person to whom a contract for such use shall be awarded, in a
sum to be fixed by the permit authority, which, however, shall not be
less than five hundred thousand dollars, conditioned for the payment of
all damages which may be caused to a person or persons or to property by
reason of the use so permitted and arising from any acts of the
permittee, his or her agents, employees, contractors, or subcontractors.
Such bond shall run to the owner of the facility for which the permit is
granted and issued and shall be for the use and benefit of any person or
persons or any owner or owners of any property so injured or damaged,
and such person or persons or such owner or owners are hereby authorized
to maintain an action thereon, which right of action also shall accrue
to the heirs, executors, administrators, successors, or assigns of such
person or persons or such owner or owners. The permit authority may
accept, in lieu of such bond, an indemnity insurance policy with
liability coverage and indemnity protection equivalent to the terms and
conditions upon which such bond is predicated and for the purposes
herein provided.

5. Local laws or ordinances superseded. All local laws or ordinances
regulating the use of pyrotechnics within the contemplation of this
section are hereby superseded by the provisions of this section, with
the exception of:

a. all laws or ordinances enacted by a city of one million or more;
and

b. other local laws or ordinances that prohibit the use of indoor
pyrotechnics.