Legislation
SECTION 4-A-203
Unenforceability of Certain Verified Payment Orders
Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) CHAPTER 38, ARTICLE 4-A, PART 2
Section 4-A-203. Unenforceability of Certain Verified Payment Orders.
(1) If an accepted payment order is not, under subsection (1) of
Section 4-A-202, an authorized order of a customer identified as sender,
but is effective as an order of the customer pursuant to subsection (2)
of Section 4-A-202, the following rules apply:
(a) By express written agreement, the receiving bank may limit
the extent to which it is entitled to enforce or retain
payment of the payment order.
(b) The receiving bank is not entitled to enforce or retain
payment of the payment order if the customer proves that the
order was not caused, directly or indirectly, by a person (i)
entrusted at any time with duties to act for the customer
with respect to payment orders or the security procedure, or
(ii) who obtained access to transmitting facilities of the
customer or who obtained, from a source controlled by the
customer and without authority of the receiving bank,
information facilitating breach of the security procedure,
regardless of how the information was obtained or whether the
customer was at fault. Information includes any access
device, computer software, or the like.
(2) This section applies to amendments of payment orders to the same
extent it applies to payment orders.
(1) If an accepted payment order is not, under subsection (1) of
Section 4-A-202, an authorized order of a customer identified as sender,
but is effective as an order of the customer pursuant to subsection (2)
of Section 4-A-202, the following rules apply:
(a) By express written agreement, the receiving bank may limit
the extent to which it is entitled to enforce or retain
payment of the payment order.
(b) The receiving bank is not entitled to enforce or retain
payment of the payment order if the customer proves that the
order was not caused, directly or indirectly, by a person (i)
entrusted at any time with duties to act for the customer
with respect to payment orders or the security procedure, or
(ii) who obtained access to transmitting facilities of the
customer or who obtained, from a source controlled by the
customer and without authority of the receiving bank,
information facilitating breach of the security procedure,
regardless of how the information was obtained or whether the
customer was at fault. Information includes any access
device, computer software, or the like.
(2) This section applies to amendments of payment orders to the same
extent it applies to payment orders.