Legislation
SECTION 5-109
Fraud and forgery
Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) CHAPTER 38, ARTICLE 5
Section 5--109. Fraud and forgery.
(a) If a presentation is made that appears on its face strictly to
comply with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit, but a
required document is forged or materially fraudulent, or honor of the
presentation would facilitate a material fraud by the beneficiary on the
issuer or applicant:
(1) The issuer shall honor the presentation, if honor is demanded
by:
(i) a nominated person who has given value in good faith and
without notice of forgery or material fraud,
(ii) a confirmer who has honored its confirmation in good
faith,
(iii) a holder in due course of a draft drawn under the letter
of credit which was taken after acceptance by the issuer
or nominated person, or
(iv) an assignee of the issuer's or nominated person's
deferred obligation that was taken for value and without
notice of forgery or material fraud after the obligation
was incurred by the issuer or nominated person; and
(2) The issuer, acting in good faith, may honor or dishonor the
presentation in any other case.
(b) If an applicant claims that a required document is forged or
materially fraudulent or that honor of the presentation would facilitate
a material fraud by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant, a court
of competent jurisdiction may temporarily or permanently enjoin the
issuer from honoring a presentation or grant similar relief against the
issuer or other persons only if the court finds that:
(1) The relief is not prohibited under the law applicable to an
accepted draft or deferred obligation incurred by the issuer;
(2) A beneficiary, issuer, or nominated person who may be
adversely affected is adequately protected against loss that
it may suffer because the relief is granted;
(3) All of the conditions to entitle a person to the relief under
the law of this state have been met; and
(4) On the basis of the information submitted to the court, the
applicant is more likely than not to succeed under its claim
of forgery or material fraud and the person demanding honor
does not qualify for protection under paragraph (1) of
subsection (a) of this section.
(a) If a presentation is made that appears on its face strictly to
comply with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit, but a
required document is forged or materially fraudulent, or honor of the
presentation would facilitate a material fraud by the beneficiary on the
issuer or applicant:
(1) The issuer shall honor the presentation, if honor is demanded
by:
(i) a nominated person who has given value in good faith and
without notice of forgery or material fraud,
(ii) a confirmer who has honored its confirmation in good
faith,
(iii) a holder in due course of a draft drawn under the letter
of credit which was taken after acceptance by the issuer
or nominated person, or
(iv) an assignee of the issuer's or nominated person's
deferred obligation that was taken for value and without
notice of forgery or material fraud after the obligation
was incurred by the issuer or nominated person; and
(2) The issuer, acting in good faith, may honor or dishonor the
presentation in any other case.
(b) If an applicant claims that a required document is forged or
materially fraudulent or that honor of the presentation would facilitate
a material fraud by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant, a court
of competent jurisdiction may temporarily or permanently enjoin the
issuer from honoring a presentation or grant similar relief against the
issuer or other persons only if the court finds that:
(1) The relief is not prohibited under the law applicable to an
accepted draft or deferred obligation incurred by the issuer;
(2) A beneficiary, issuer, or nominated person who may be
adversely affected is adequately protected against loss that
it may suffer because the relief is granted;
(3) All of the conditions to entitle a person to the relief under
the law of this state have been met; and
(4) On the basis of the information submitted to the court, the
applicant is more likely than not to succeed under its claim
of forgery or material fraud and the person demanding honor
does not qualify for protection under paragraph (1) of
subsection (a) of this section.