Regular Session - April 19, 2023

                                                                   2383

 1                NEW YORK STATE SENATE

 2                          

 3                          

 4               THE STENOGRAPHIC RECORD

 5                          

 6                          

 7                          

 8                          

 9                  ALBANY, NEW YORK

10                   April 19, 2023

11                      4:16 p.m.

12                          

13                          

14                   REGULAR SESSION

15  

16  

17  

18  SENATOR SHELLEY B. MAYER, Acting President

19  ALEJANDRA N. PAULINO, ESQ., Secretary

20  

21  

22  

23  

24  

25  


                                                               2384

 1                P R O C E E D I N G S

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The Senate 

 3    will come to order.  

 4                 I ask everyone present to please 

 5    rise and recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

 6                 (Whereupon, the assemblage recited 

 7    the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.) 

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   In the 

 9    absence of clergy, let us bow our heads in a 

10    moment of silent reflection or prayer.

11                 (Whereupon, the assemblage respected 

12    a moment of silence.)

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Reading of 

14    the Journal.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   In Senate, Tuesday, 

16    April 18, 2023, the Senate met pursuant to 

17    adjournment.  The Journal of Monday, April 17, 

18    2023, was read and approved.  On motion, the 

19    Senate adjourned.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Without 

21    objection, the Journal stands approved as read.

22                 Presentation of petitions.

23                 Messages from the Assembly.

24                 The Secretary will read.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Senator Cleare 


                                                               2385

 1    moves to discharge, from the Committee on 

 2    Higher Education, Assembly Bill Number 1395C and 

 3    substitute it for the identical Senate Bill 

 4    1213B, Third Reading Calendar 590.

 5                 Senator Mayer moves to discharge, 

 6    from the Committee on Investigations and 

 7    Government Operations, Assembly Bill Number 5369 

 8    and substitute it for the identical Senate Bill 

 9    5622, Third Reading Calendar 591.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   So 

11    ordered.

12                 Messages from the Governor.

13                 Reports of standing committees.

14                 Reports of select committees.

15                 Communications and reports from 

16    state officers.

17                 Motions and resolutions.

18                 Senator Gianaris.

19                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Good afternoon, 

20    Madam President.  

21                 On behalf of Senator Hoylman-Sigal, 

22    on page 18 I offer the following amendments to 

23    Calendar Number 410, Senate Print 3266, and ask 

24    that said bill retain its place on the 

25    Third Reading Calendar.


                                                               2386

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

 2    amendments are received, and the bill will retain 

 3    its place on the Third Reading Calendar.

 4                 Senator Gianaris.

 5                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   There will be an 

 6    immediate meeting of the Judiciary Committee in 

 7    Room 332.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   There will 

 9    be an immediate meeting of the Judiciary 

10    Committee in Room 332.

11                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   The Senate 

12    stands at ease.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The Senate 

14    will stand at ease.

15                 (Whereupon, the Senate stood at ease 

16    at 4:18 p.m.)

17                 (Whereupon, the Senate reconvened at 

18    4:28 p.m.)

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The Senate 

20    will return to order.

21                 Senator Gianaris.

22                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Madam President, 

23    there's a report of the Judiciary Committee at 

24    the desk.  Please take that up and recognize 

25    Senator Hoylman-Sigal.


                                                               2387

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

 2    Secretary will read.

 3                 THE SECRETARY:   Senator 

 4    Hoylman-Sigal, from the Committee on Judiciary, 

 5    reports the following nomination:  

 6                 As an associate justice of the Court 

 7    of Appeals, Caitlin J. Halligan.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

 9    Hoylman-Sigal on the nomination.

10                 SENATOR HOYLMAN-SIGAL:   Thank you, 

11    Madam President.  

12                 I rise to move the nomination of 

13    Caitlin Halligan as an associate judge of the 

14    New York State Court of Appeals.  

15                 I've known Ms. Halligan and her 

16    family for over 25 years, and I'm proud to call 

17    her a constituent of the 47th Senate District.  

18                 First, I want to extend my 

19    sympathies to Caitlin and her husband Mark and 

20    their family, as recently Mark's mother has 

21    passed away.

22                 But about Caitlin.  She began her 

23    undergraduate education at Princeton and then 

24    went to Georgetown Law Center, where she 

25    graduated magna cum laude.  And she began her 


                                                               2388

 1    legal career in Washington, D.C., clerking for a 

 2    judge on the D.C. Court of Appeals, which is 

 3    known as the second-most important court in the 

 4    United States.

 5                 But she didn't stop there.  She 

 6    clerked for United States Supreme Court Justice 

 7    Stephen Breyer, and quickly found her way to 

 8    New York City where, after an extremely short 

 9    stint in private practice, she dedicated over a 

10    decade of her career to the service of her fellow 

11    New Yorkers.  

12                 Ms. Halligan has always been on the 

13    cutting edge of the law.  

14                 I want to read briefly, 

15    Madam President, from the transcript when 

16    Ms. Halligan was being considered for the D.C. 

17    Circuit back in 2011.  Senator Schumer, who 

18    supported her nomination, along with 

19    Senator Gillibrand, says:  "I always worry about 

20    judges who have had no practical experience and 

21    seek to impose from on high some decisions that 

22    just do not work in the real world.  We are not 

23    going to find that with Ms. Halligan."  I concur 

24    with Senator Schumer.  

25                 When she first joined the 


                                                               2389

 1    Attorney General's office, she was the first 

 2    chief of the new Internet Bureau, an office that 

 3    has grown and plays an increasing vital part in 

 4    the Attorney General's consumer protection 

 5    portfolio today.

 6                 She quickly rose through the ranks, 

 7    becoming the state's Solicitor General in 2001, 

 8    where she fought to hold gun manufacturers liable 

 9    for the devastation they propagate on our 

10    communities, and successfully sued the Bush EPA 

11    to regulate the greenhouse gas emissions that are 

12    driving catastrophic climate change.

13                 Later, she joined the Manhattan 

14    district attorney's office, not as a prosecutor 

15    but as the general counsel, where she managed 

16    that thousand-plus office and she led the DA's 

17    efforts to review wrongful convictions and begin 

18    to remedy the injustices of mass incarceration 

19    policies.  

20                 In 2010, President Barack Obama 

21    nominated Ms. Halligan for a seat on the D.C. 

22    Circuit Court of Appeals.  Despite her stellar 

23    qualifications and favorable report from the 

24    Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Republicans 

25    shamefully filibustered her nomination for three 


                                                               2390

 1    years.  

 2                 They filibustered her for one reason 

 3    and one reason only, Madam President:  The NRA.  

 4    The NRA vigorously opposed Ms. Halligan's 

 5    nomination, something that I would consider to be 

 6    a badge of honor for Ms. Halligan, due to her 

 7    work to combat gun violence and hold gun 

 8    manufacturers accountable.  

 9                 Well, I'm happy to say that 

10    Washington, D.C.'s loss is New York State's gain.  

11    While Ms. Halligan moved into private practice, 

12    she maintained a robust pro bono portfolio, 

13    including litigation to continue the fight 

14    against gun violence, protect rent-stabilized 

15    tenants, and win equal pay for our back-to-back 

16    World Cup-winning U.S. Women's National Soccer 

17    Team.

18                 She always kept her eye on returning 

19    to full-time public service, however.  And she 

20    has been identified by the Commission on Judicial 

21    Nomination short list for multiple vacancies on 

22    the Court of Appeals throughout the years.  In 

23    fact, she may have the distinction of being the 

24    only candidate who has actually been endorsed by 

25    the New York Times for a seat on the New York 


                                                               2391

 1    State Court of Appeals.

 2                 At one point in 2015, Ms. Halligan 

 3    was endorsed by the Times, but she was also being 

 4    considered simultaneously for a seat on the 

 5    United States Supreme Court.  

 6                 I'm grateful that this time 

 7    Governor Hochul seized the opportunity to 

 8    nominate Ms. Halligan and put her talents to work 

 9    for New Yorkers.

10                 Over the course of her career, 

11    Ms. Halligan has argued six cases before the 

12    United States Supreme Court, served as the 

13    counsel of record for a party or amicus curiae 

14    over 50 cases before that court, and argued 

15    dozens of cases, dozens, before the New York 

16    Court of Appeals -- so many cases she's actually 

17    lost count.

18                 Colleagues on both sides of the 

19    aisle were clearly impressed with her intellect 

20    and experience during yesterday's three-hour 

21    Judiciary Committee hearing.

22                 Caitlin Halligan will make a 

23    fantastic Court of Appeals judge.  She will be an 

24    inspiration for young lawyers, particularly 

25    women, across the state.  And I'm sure the court 


                                                               2392

 1    can become the best appellate court in the nation 

 2    with her on the bench.

 3                 When the time comes, 

 4    Madam President, I will be voting aye, and I 

 5    encourage my colleagues to do the same.  

 6                 I move the nomination of 

 7    Caitlin Halligan to the floor, Madam President, 

 8    and ask you to recognize any Senator who wishes 

 9    to be heard on the nomination.  

10                 Thank you.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Thank you, 

12    Senator Hoylman-Sigal.

13                 Senator Palumbo on the nomination.

14                 SENATOR PALUMBO:   Thank you, 

15    Madam President.  

16                 And I rise with respect to this 

17    nomination not to necessarily even speak about 

18    the nominee.  I'm here to just make kind of a 

19    general comment on behalf of my conference, 

20    because Caitlin Halligan certainly is probably 

21    the most experienced appellate attorney we have 

22    possibly seen as a nominee for the Court of 

23    Appeals, and has had extensive experience, has 

24    been nominated for federal judgeships as well.  

25    And Senator Hoylman-Sigal went through her 


                                                               2393

 1    qualifications, which certainly exist.

 2                 So this really has nothing to do 

 3    with the nominee.  I just want to speak generally 

 4    about the process and how we have arrived here, 

 5    because I think it's appropriate for us to just 

 6    comment about what advice and consent really is.  

 7                 It's a Governor's prerogative to 

 8    appoint individuals to the Court of Appeals, and 

 9    the Senate provides advice and consent.  And it's 

10    been quite a long road to get here.  I'm pleased 

11    to see that this nominee was treated with the 

12    dignity and respect that Court of Appeals 

13    nominees deserve.  There's vigorous debate on 

14    either side, and a vote.  So I'm glad to see that 

15    this nominee was not treated like Hector LaSalle 

16    as a nominee.

17                 And my concern also is that this is 

18    being done during a budget.  This seems to be a 

19    bit of a quid pro quo here, and I think that is 

20    offensive to the process of nominating judges.  

21                 So I just had to stand really on 

22    behalf of our conference just to say that this is 

23    not how to do this.  And I'm pretty saddened by 

24    the way that this has gone.  I'm glad to see that 

25    we're finally here filling the seven judges of 


                                                               2394

 1    the Court of Appeals seats, because that's what's 

 2    best for New Yorkers.  And going forward is 

 3    what's best for New Yorkers.  

 4                 I just hope that in the future we 

 5    don't have another debacle like we've seen over 

 6    these past few months when it comes to an area 

 7    that should be immune from politics.  

 8    Unfortunately, at this go-around, it wasn't.

 9                 Thank you, Madam President.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

11    Ryan on the nomination.

12                 SENATOR RYAN:   Thank you, 

13    Madam President.  

14                 Before I talk about favorability of 

15    Ms. Halligan, I just have to respond to this idea 

16    that somehow bringing a judge's confirmation up 

17    during the budget is somehow improper.  If this 

18    were a court of law -- which I know my learned 

19    colleague has been in -- the judge would say 

20    that's a naked, bald allegation without one fact 

21    or proof behind it.

22                 So we would hope we would conduct 

23    ourselves in a level where we don't make naked, 

24    bald allegations with no proof behind them.  But 

25    let's hope for positivity in the future.


                                                               2395

 1                 So I wanted to start by thanking 

 2    Ms. Halligan for her thoughtful responses to 

 3    everyone's questions yesterday.  You can tell by 

 4    the responses that she's spent time as a teacher.  

 5    She was able to break the law down into its very 

 6    small pieces and help to build in understanding.

 7                 The hearings themselves that we've 

 8    been conducting have been terrific.  And I would 

 9    thank my colleague, the chair of the 

10    Judiciary Committee, Senator Hoylman-Sigal, for 

11    conducting those.  

12                 And I would thank Governor Hochul 

13    for bringing us such a strong candidate.

14                 We never make appointments to our 

15    state's judiciary lightly.  I was happy to see 

16    the short list, and Ms. Halligan was on this 

17    short list.  But you can look at her resume and 

18    think she had essentially four or three full 

19    careers -- a judicial clerk that sometimes people 

20    would keep for a lifetime.  A big firm attorney.  

21    A teacher at esteemed universities like 

22    Georgetown and Columbia.  And then a small-firm 

23    pro bono lawyer doing terrific impact litigation 

24    cases.  Each of those parts of her career would 

25    have been a full career for a lot of lawyers.  


                                                               2396

 1                 So I would have to say it's a 

 2    super-, super-impressive resume, one that 

 3    includes a lot of appellate work, arguing in 

 4    front of the United States Supreme Court, arguing 

 5    in front of Court of Appeals.  It's a very, very 

 6    complete resume.  It's a resume you don't see 

 7    very often.

 8                 So I do applaud Ms. Halligan for her 

 9    lives' work -- during that time, she has 

10    represented a broad range of clients.  But I 

11    think that sort of soup-to-nuts experience will 

12    really serve her well on the Court of Appeals, 

13    but it will also serve the Court of Appeals well.  

14    And I think that is what this Court of Appeals 

15    needs.  

16                 But it also gives me confidence that 

17    each and every matter that comes in front of the 

18    court that she will take a complete look at, and 

19    she will set aside personal biases and beliefs to 

20    concentrate on the rule of law.

21                 So I'm happy today to stand in favor 

22    of this nomination, and I look forward, after 

23    this vote, to calling Ms. Halligan "Judge 

24    Halligan."

25                 So thank you very much, 


                                                               2397

 1    Madam President.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Thank you, 

 3    Senator Ryan.

 4                 The question is on the nomination.  

 5    Call the roll.  

 6                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Announce 

 8    the results.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to the 

10    nomination of Caitlin J. Halligan as an associate 

11    justice of the Court of Appeals, those Senators 

12    voting in the negative are Senators Ashby, 

13    Borrello, Brisport, Griffo, Helming, Murray, 

14    Oberacker, Ortt, Stec, Tedisco, Walczyk and 

15    Senator Weik.

16                 Ayes, 47.  Nays, 12.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

18    nominee, Caitlin Halligan, is confirmed as an 

19    associate judge of the Court of Appeals.

20                 (Extended standing ovation.)

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

22    Gianaris.

23                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Thank you, 

24    Madam President.  It's nice to have a full 

25    Court of Appeals again.


                                                               2398

 1                 Can we please take up the reading of 

 2    the calendar.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

 4    Secretary will read.

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 6    261, Senate Print 204, by Senator Cleare, an act 

 7    to amend the Correction Law.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Read the 

 9    last section.

10                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 4.  This 

11    act shall take effect on the 180th day after it 

12    shall have become a law.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Call the 

14    roll.

15                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Announce 

17    the results.

18                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 59.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

20    is passed.

21                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

22    268, Senate Print 1817, by Senator Stavisky, an 

23    act to amend the Vehicle and Traffic Law.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Read the 

25    last section.


                                                               2399

 1                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Lay it aside for 

 2    the day.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

 4    is laid aside for the day.

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 6    364, Senate Print 3280, by Senator Gounardes, 

 7    Concurrent Resolution of the Senate and Assembly 

 8    proposing an amendment to Section 6 of Article 5 

 9    of the Constitution.  

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Call the 

11    roll.

12                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Announce 

14    the results.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 59.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

17    is passed.

18                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

19    514, Senate Print 1818A, by Senator Stavisky, an 

20    act to amend the Education Law.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Read the 

22    last section.

23                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 3.  This 

24    act shall take effect immediately.  

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Call the 


                                                               2400

 1    roll.

 2                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Announce 

 4    the results.

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 59.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

 7    is passed.

 8                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 9    534, Senate Print 3366, by Senator Harckham, an 

10    act providing that a student enrolled in an 

11    individualized education program during certain 

12    school years may continue to receive educational 

13    services.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Read the 

15    last section.

16                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

17    act shall take effect immediately.  

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Call the 

19    roll.

20                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

22    Weber to explain his vote.

23                 SENATOR WEBER:   Thank you.  

24                 I'd like to thank Senator Harckham 

25    for bringing this very important legislation 


                                                               2401

 1    forward.  We've heard from a lot of constituents 

 2    within my district about the need for this 

 3    legislation, so I was proud to jump on as a 

 4    cosponsor and I'm proud to vote aye today for 

 5    this.  

 6                 So thank you very much.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

 8    Weber to be recorded in the affirmative.

 9                 Announce the results.

10                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 59.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

12    is passed.

13                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

14    568, Senate Print 3105, by Senator Mannion, an 

15    act relating to assessing the staffing and other 

16    issues causing the continued displacement of 

17    individuals with developmental disabilities.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Read the 

19    last section.

20                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 4.  This 

21    act shall take effect immediately.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Call the 

23    roll.

24                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Announce 


                                                               2402

 1    the results.

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 59.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

 4    is passed.

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 6    580, Senate Print 3021, by Senator Comrie, an act 

 7    to amend the Energy Law.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Read the 

 9    last section.

10                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

11    act shall take effect immediately.  

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Call the 

13    roll.

14                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Announce 

16    the results.

17                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 59.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

19    is passed.

20                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

21    584, Senate Print 1608, by Senator Serrano, an 

22    act to amend the Parks, Recreation and Historic 

23    Preservation Law.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Read the 

25    last section.


                                                               2403

 1                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 3.  This 

 2    act shall take effect immediately.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Call the 

 4    roll.

 5                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

 7    Webb to explain her vote.

 8                 SENATOR WEBB:   Thank you, 

 9    Madam President.  I rise to explain my vote.  

10                 This legislation addresses an 

11    important nexus of issues.  One, it supports our 

12    farmers by creating new markets for them to sell 

13    their products.  And what better location to 

14    connect our communities with fresh foods than our 

15    state and local parks.

16                 Another nexus point with 

17    Senator Serrano's bill is that this bill 

18    addresses the predominance of food deserts in 

19    rural districts like mine, to ensure that folks 

20    who live in small towns and hamlets and 

21    underserved communities can access fresh and 

22    healthy food.  

23                 And finally, by providing 

24    farmers with new local markets, this legislation 

25    also helps to make sure that more of the food we 


                                                               2404

 1    produce here in New York soil is eaten by 

 2    New York families.  

 3                 I thank Senator Serrano for bringing 

 4    forth this legislation, and I will be voting aye 

 5    and I encourage my colleagues to do the same.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

 7    Webb to be recorded in the affirmative.

 8                 Announce the results.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 59.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

11    is passed.

12                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

13    590, Assembly Print Number 1395C, by 

14    Assemblymember Epstein, an act to amend the 

15    Education Law.

16                 SENATOR LANZA:   Lay it aside.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

18    is laid aside.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

20    591, Assembly Print Number 5369, by 

21    Assemblymember Paulin, an act to amend the 

22    Tax Law.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   There is a 

24    home-rule message at the desk.

25                 Read the last section.


                                                               2405

 1                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

 2    act shall take effect immediately.  

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Call the 

 4    roll.

 5                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Announce 

 7    the results.

 8                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

 9    Calendar 591, those Senators voting in the 

10    negative are Senators Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick, 

11    Harckham, Hinchey, Lanza, Martinez, Mattera, 

12    Murray, Oberacker, Palumbo, Rhoads, 

13    Scarcella-Spanton, Skoufis, Tedisco, Webb and 

14    Weik.  Also Senator Mannion.  

15                 Ayes, 43.  Nays, 16.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

17    is passed.

18                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 

19    reading of today's calendar.

20                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Can we move on 

21    to the controversial calendar, please.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

23    Secretary will ring the bell.

24                 The Secretary will read.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 


                                                               2406

 1    590, Assembly Print Number 1395C, by 

 2    Assemblymember Epstein, an act to amend the 

 3    Education Law.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

 5    Helming, why do you rise? 

 6                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you, 

 7    Madam President.  

 8                 I rise -- I have a few questions for 

 9    the sponsor, if the sponsor will yield.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

11    Cleare, do you yield?  

12                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Yes.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

14    Senator yields.  

15                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.  Thank 

16    you, Senator Cleare.

17                 After reading this legislation, I 

18    obviously had a few questions as a State Senator, 

19    but also some concerns around safety as both a 

20    mother and a grandmother.

21                 I was trying to figure out what is 

22    driving the need for this legislation.  After 

23    reviewing several of the SUNY and CUNY school 

24    websites, it was very clear that SUNY and CUNY 

25    already make comprehensive, quality healthcare 


                                                               2407

 1    and health education available to all of their 

 2    students.  So I read that, and again, I started 

 3    wondering why do we need this when they're 

 4    already offering these services?  

 5                 So I made a few calls to a couple of 

 6    the SUNY schools, and the people that I spoke 

 7    with assured me that if a student comes to them 

 8    in need and is looking for referrals or 

 9    assistance, that they are currently providing 

10    that service.

11                 So I'm wondering, again, you know, 

12    has SUNY or CUNY reached out?  Are they looking 

13    for clarification?  Is that what's driving the 

14    need for this bill?

15                 SENATOR CLEARE:   What's driving the 

16    need, in the last two years young women have 

17    contacted my office to state that their 

18    particular college or university does not offer 

19    medication abortion prescription drugs, and this 

20    is of great concern to them.  

21                 And I've consulted SUNY on this 

22    throughout this process, and they are supportive 

23    of the bill.

24                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.  

25                 Through you, Madam President, if the 


                                                               2408

 1    sponsor will continue to yield.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

 3    Cleare, do you yield?

 4                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Yes.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

 6    sponsor yields.

 7                 SENATOR HELMING:   Senator Cleare, 

 8    are you aware of any data or any studies that 

 9    show that students enrolled at SUNY and CUNY 

10    schools are currently struggling to access 

11    medication abortion drugs?  

12                 SENATOR CLEARE:   I do not have that 

13    data.  But this bill is going to require 

14    reporting within the next couple of years to see 

15    if there's any adjustments that need to be made.  

16                 But I'm going on the requests of the 

17    young women that have come to us.

18                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

19    Madam President, if the sponsor will continue to 

20    yield.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

22    Cleare, do you yield?  

23                 SENATOR CLEARE:   I yield.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

25    Senator yields.  


                                                               2409

 1                 SENATOR HELMING:   Would it make 

 2    more sense to do the study up-front to determine 

 3    if there's really a need for this?  And then, if 

 4    there is, bring back the legislation?  

 5                 SENATOR CLEARE:   I think women 

 6    coming to me saying they that need it is grounds 

 7    for us to provide this for them.

 8                 SENATOR HELMING:   Madam President, 

 9    if the sponsor will continue to yield.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

11    Cleare, do you yield?

12                 SENATOR CLEARE:   I will.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

14    Senator yields.  

15                 SENATOR HELMING:   Senator Cleare, 

16    can you explain to me, who can prescribe the 

17    medication abortion pills?  Is it just a doctor 

18    or -- or who can prescribe?  

19                 SENATOR CLEARE:   It's a doctor or 

20    anyone in the scope of practice.  A nurse 

21    practitioner.

22                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

23    Madam President.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Do you 

25    continue to yield, Senator Cleare?


                                                               2410

 1                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Yes.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

 3    Senator yields.

 4                 SENATOR HELMING:   Senator Cleare, 

 5    one of the questions that's been asked of me is 

 6    can a pharmacist dispense without a doctor's 

 7    order?  

 8                 SENATOR CLEARE:   No.

 9                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

10    Madam President --

11                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Through you, 

12    Madam President, no.  I'm sorry, multiple 

13    questions -- 

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

15    Cleare, do you continue to yield?

16                 SENATOR CLEARE:   No to the 

17    question.  Yes, I continue to yield.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

19    Senator yields to one question at a time.

20                 (Laughter.)

21                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.  

22                 Senator Cleare, does this 

23    legislation address safeguards for the student?  

24    For instance, before a prescription for medicine 

25    abortion is issued to a student, will a medical 


                                                               2411

 1    history be taken to determine if there are any 

 2    contraindications that would put the student's 

 3    health or life at risk?  

 4                 I know on the Planned Parenthood 

 5    website they mention things like inherited 

 6    bleeding disorders, heart or kidney disease, or 

 7    if the woman still has an IUD in place, it could 

 8    be dangerous.

 9                 SENATOR CLEARE:   They will be 

10    speaking to a doctor, and a doctor would be doing 

11    that kind of preliminary questioning.

12                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

13    Madam President.  So --

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Are you 

15    asking the Senator to yield?

16                 SENATOR HELMING:   Will the Senator 

17    yield for another question.  

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

19    Cleare, do you continue to yield?  

20                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Yes.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

22    Senator yields.

23                 SENATOR HELMING:   So I understand 

24    that you're saying that the student will consult 

25    with a doctor.  Can you tell me if that 


                                                               2412

 1    consultation will include a physical examination 

 2    or a sonogram?

 3                 SENATOR CLEARE:   That would be 

 4    something that the patient would discuss with the 

 5    doctor.  That would be something that will be 

 6    determined by the doctor.

 7                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.  

 8                 Through you, Madam President, if the 

 9    sponsor will continue to yield.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Do you 

11    continue to yield?  

12                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Yes.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

14    Senator yields.

15                 SENATOR HELMING:   I guess I'm still 

16    trying to figure this out.  I read something 

17    about telehealth services that was either in the 

18    bill or in the sponsor's justification.  And my 

19    concern is that the FDA has approved medical 

20    abortion pills for use up to 10 weeks.  

21                 And I'm just wondering, without a 

22    physical exam or without a sonogram, how you 

23    conclude -- unless the student knows, has a 

24    definitive answer on how far along they are.

25                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Again, through 


                                                               2413

 1    you, Madam President, the individual is 

 2    consulting with a doctor.  I think it's standard 

 3    medical practice to find out how far along anyone 

 4    is that is pregnant.

 5                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

 6    Madam President, if the sponsor will continue to 

 7    yield.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Do you 

 9    continue to yield?  

10                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Yes.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

12    Senator yields.

13                 SENATOR HELMING:   Is there anything 

14    that's built into this legislation requiring care 

15    and support for the student after they take the 

16    medication?

17                 SENATOR CLEARE:   It's my 

18    understanding providers will normally take care 

19    of that and follow -- they will schedule 

20    follow-ups with their patients.

21                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

22    Madam President, if the sponsor will continue to 

23    yield.

24                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Yes.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 


                                                               2414

 1    Senator continues to yield.

 2                 SENATOR HELMING:   So in that 

 3    instance where the provider is actually a SUNY or 

 4    CUNY employee, you're saying they will do 

 5    follow-up with the student.  

 6                 One of the things that I read on the 

 7    Planned Parenthood website that had me concerned 

 8    is that -- well, let me backtrack for a moment.  

 9                 We all know that young women 

10    attending college, they're really often 

11    experiencing true independence for the first time 

12    in their lives.  They're away from their family, 

13    they're away from their support systems.  And one 

14    of the things, again, according to the 

15    Planned Parenthood website, is that serious 

16    long-term emotional problems are more likely to 

17    happen to women who don't have support around 

18    their decision to end their pregnancy.

19                 And that's why I'm asking the 

20    question and want to make sure that there are 

21    going to be safeguards and support systems built 

22    in to make sure that these women are okay.

23                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Through you, 

24    Madam President.  That's going to be a continued 

25    conversation between the patient and their doctor 


                                                               2415

 1    in terms of their -- their health afterwards, 

 2    their entire health.

 3                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

 4    Madam President, if the sponsor will continue to 

 5    yield.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Do you 

 7    continue to yield?  

 8                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Yes.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

10    sponsor yields.

11                 SENATOR HELMING:   One final 

12    question.  

13                 The way I read the bill and 

14    interpreted it is that the bill applies to all 

15    SUNY and CUNY students.  And it got me to 

16    wondering -- so I heard from many parents of 

17    P-TECH students, during the whole mandated 

18    vaccine requirement, that if you're in a P-TECH 

19    program that's associated with a college, they 

20    had to be vaccinated.  

21                 So I'm wondering, are high school 

22    students who are enrolled in these local SUNY 

23    schools, like for instance through the P-TECH 

24    programs, will they have the same access?  

25                 SENATOR CLEARE:   No.  Through you, 


                                                               2416

 1    Madam President, no.  This is only for college 

 2    students.

 3                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

 4    Madam President, how are college students 

 5    defined?  Does this bill define college students?  

 6                 SENATOR CLEARE:   So this is offered 

 7    to students who are enrolled on campus, not 

 8    attending somewhere else and visiting or in a 

 9    program.  But all students enrolled on campus, 

10    Mr. President.

11                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

12    Madam President, I would -- Senator Cleare, so 

13    you're saying those P-TECH students aren't 

14    considered enrolled in the college?  Or like high 

15    school students who pay a fee to participate, 

16    take college courses and stuff, they're not 

17    considered students?

18                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Not for these 

19    purposes, is my understanding.

20                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

21    Madam President, is that somewhere in this 

22    legislation?  

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Do you 

24    continue to yield, Senator Cleare?  

25                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Yes, I do.


                                                               2417

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

 2    Senator yields.

 3                 Can you repeat your question, 

 4    Senator Helming?  

 5                 SENATOR CLEARE:   It's my 

 6    understanding that no one interpreting this bill 

 7    would apply this to high school students.

 8                 SENATOR HELMING:   Okay.  Thank you, 

 9    Madam President.  Thank you, Senator Cleare.  

10    Appreciate it.  Thank you.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Are there 

12    any other Senators wishing to be heard?  

13                 Seeing and hearing none, debate is 

14    closed.

15                 The Secretary will ring the bell.

16                 Read the last section.

17                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

18    act shall take effect August 1, 2023.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Call the 

20    roll.

21                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

23    Webb to explain her vote.

24                 SENATOR WEBB:   Thank you, 

25    Madam President.  


                                                               2418

 1                 I would like to thank Senator Cleare 

 2    for introducing this important piece of 

 3    legislation.  

 4                 I want to clarify a couple of things 

 5    that I heard.  As we know, reproductive care and 

 6    access to it is a very important issue that we 

 7    have been actively working in addressing here in 

 8    New York.  And so as someone who worked as an 

 9    educator at SUNY, and a proud alum, I thought it 

10    would be important to lift up my own experience 

11    in working with students at SUNY as it pertains 

12    to accessing healthcare.  

13                 And so in the work that I did at 

14    Binghamton University in connecting students with 

15    healthcare services, I would share that a number 

16    of our students at SUNY, and dare I say CUNY, 

17    have limited options at times, especially for 

18    low-to-moderate-income students who are enrolled 

19    at our public institutions such as SUNY and CUNY.  

20                 And so there are healthcare services 

21    available on our campuses that do provide, 

22    especially in districts like mine, for a number 

23    of students that if those services didn't exist, 

24    they wouldn't have access to adequate care.

25                 And so with this particular 


                                                               2419

 1    legislation and what it's looking to do, it's 

 2    very simple.  It's looking to expand access to 

 3    reproductive care.  

 4                 The questions around counseling and 

 5    other services, our SUNY and CUNY campuses also 

 6    provide counseling services.  And I would be 

 7    remiss if I didn't give a nod to our 

 8    Mental Health chair, Senator Brouk, who has been 

 9    advocating for quite a while to expand access to 

10    mental health services, and our SUNY and CUNY 

11    campuses are no exception to that.

12                 As the chair of Women's Issues, we 

13    know how important it is that we have to address 

14    these challenges as it pertains to access to 

15    reproductive care, because it is healthcare.  And 

16    we also know that barriers exist.  And we also 

17    know that the stakes are very high.  

18                 In fact, today the Supreme Court has 

19    ordered a temporary stay until Friday as we 

20    continue to have this public discourse on an 

21    FDA-already-approved, 20-year-plus drug, 

22    mifepristone, which has been proven to be safe 

23    and effective as a method for addressing 

24    abortion.

25                 We also have been working diligently 


                                                               2420

 1    as a state to protect and increase access to this 

 2    important care.  And although we have laws here 

 3    in New York that protect a woman's right to 

 4    choose, it is still the case that for so many 

 5    living in underinvested communities that the lack 

 6    of access to safe and reliable reproductive care 

 7    remains a barrier to true reproductive justice.

 8                 Now, I as a representative have six 

 9    major institutions of higher education in my 

10    district, and I understand that our colleges and 

11    universities play a major role in providing care.  

12    And as I already mentioned, these institutions do 

13    provide access.  

14                 And so my closing sentiment is 

15    simply this.  Madam President, we must continue 

16    to stand up against attempts by other states to 

17    strip people of their rights to safe and 

18    accessible abortion care, and we must continue to 

19    protect a woman's right to make decisions over 

20    her own body.  And that we must continue to 

21    remain vigilant in our fight to defend these 

22    rights.  

23                 I proudly vote aye for this 

24    legislation.  

25                 Thank you, Madam President.


                                                               2421

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

 2    Webb to be recorded in the affirmative.

 3                 Senator Krueger to explain her vote.

 4                 SENATOR STEC:   Thank you, 

 5    Madam President.  

 6                 I also rise to congratulate 

 7    Senator Cleare for bringing this bill to us 

 8    today, and strongly support a yes vote.  

 9                 I appreciate very much my colleague, 

10    the chair of the Women's Issues Committee, for 

11    addressing many of the things I wanted to say.

12                 I will just again highlight it is 

13    far more dangerous to actually continue an 

14    unwanted pregnancy from a health perspective or a 

15    mental health perspective than to make the 

16    decision to have a medicine-driven abortion 

17    provided under the prescription of people who are 

18    recognized healthcare providers within their 

19    scope of practice providing healthcare.

20                 Most of these healthcare providers 

21    get involved in far riskier health issues on 

22    behalf of students.  And it is crucial, I think, 

23    particularly in some SUNY campuses that may be 

24    significantly -- significant distances from urban 

25    areas that may have more access, that we make 


                                                               2422

 1    sure these students have the same access as all 

 2    women should have throughout the state.

 3                 And again, it takes no leaps either 

 4    in what the law of this land is or what the FDA 

 5    and medical professionals have recognized.  In 

 6    fact, the medicines used for these kinds of 

 7    procedures have been proven by the FDA to be 

 8    safer than the drugs we buy over the counter for 

 9    headaches and cramps in our local pharmacy.  

10                 So I strongly support this bill, and 

11    I appreciate the Senator from my own Island of 

12    Manhattan for carrying this important bill on 

13    behalf of all young women in the State of 

14    New York.  

15                 Thank you.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

17    Krueger to be recorded in the affirmative.

18                 Senator Gonzalez to explain her 

19    vote.

20                 SENATOR GONZALEZ:   Thank you, 

21    Madam President.

22                 I want to thank Senator Cleare so 

23    much for her leadership on this issue.

24                 As a woman, as a recent college 

25    graduate, this is the type of essential care that 


                                                               2423

 1    all students need.  And at a time where we're 

 2    seeing what happened with Texas undermining our 

 3    right to a medication abortion, and the attempts 

 4    across the country to undermine all people's 

 5    right to an abortion, this is an essential moment 

 6    for New York.  

 7                 We need to send a clear message that 

 8    in New York we want to provide abortion without 

 9    apology and on demand.  That when other parts of 

10    the country are at the will of the politics of 

11    fear and misinformation and want to tell people 

12    and women what to do with their bodies, that in 

13    New York we do things differently.

14                 So this bill is a really important 

15    moment and step in a larger fight for access.  

16    And in addition to knowing that college students 

17    seek abortion access at higher rates and that we 

18    have a lot of an influx of out-of-state folks 

19    coming to New York to exercise their right to an 

20    abortion, this is actually a bill that not only 

21    helps college students, but it helps all 

22    New Yorkers, because it takes some of the 

23    pressure off from the clinics that are now seeing 

24    that influx, that are now seeing that increase.

25                 So it's in all of our best interests 


                                                               2424

 1    to support this bill, and I will absolutely and 

 2    enthusiastically be voting yes on this bill.

 3                 Thank you.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

 5    Gonzalez to be recorded in the affirmative.

 6                 Senator Kennedy to explain his vote.

 7                 SENATOR KENNEDY:   Thank you, 

 8    Madam President.  

 9                 First I want to start by 

10    congratulating Senator Cleare for her leadership, 

11    for her vision, for bringing this extremely 

12    important bill to the floor here today.

13                 I also want to recognize my 

14    colleagues Senator Webb, Senator Krueger, for 

15    leading the charge on this very important space 

16    at this very important moment in our state's 

17    history and in our nation's history.

18                 But how did we get here?  We got 

19    here because the Supreme Court of the United 

20    States reversed a decades-long ruling, Roe v. 

21    Wade -- when those same justices stepped up and 

22    testified under oath before Congress that it was 

23    a precedent and the law of the land and there was 

24    no need to worry, nothing was going to happen.

25                 And so the first opportunity that 


                                                               2425

 1    the Supreme Court justices of the United States 

 2    had to reverse Roe, they did it.  They lied to 

 3    us.  They lied to the people of this country.  

 4    And they put women's lives in danger.  

 5                 So what do we have now?  We have 

 6    states across the United States ruling against 

 7    women, a war against women's rights, reversing 

 8    decades-long legislation at the state level, a 

 9    mish-mosh of laws where unquestionably women are 

10    going to die in this country because Roe v. Wade 

11    was reversed at the national level.

12                 So what does this leave us to do?  

13    Here in New York, we have to lead.  We have to 

14    lead by example, and we have to lead by 

15    legislation, like Senator Cleare's legislation 

16    today that puts the healthcare of women in their 

17    own hands, particularly at the college level.  

18                 And, you know, women in college are 

19    old enough, they're smart enough to make 

20    decisions on behalf of their own bodies.  Just 

21    ask them.  Just listen.  It's very clear to all 

22    of us that the law at the national level of 

23    Roe v. Wade being overturned was the wrong 

24    decision.  It was a bone-headed decision, and it 

25    was a bald-faced lie by the Supreme Court of the 


                                                               2426

 1    United States.

 2                 So New York State now needs to lead.  

 3    This is one of many pieces of legislation that 

 4    will help to show the rest of this country how to 

 5    protect women, how to make sure that their 

 6    decisions on behalf of themselves and their own 

 7    bodies and healthcare provided to them is 

 8    protected.

 9                 And I'm looking forward to not only 

10    seeing this move forward to the Governor's desk, 

11    but also other pieces of legislation that will 

12    prove New York State continues to lead in this 

13    space.

14                 I proudly vote aye.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

16    Kennedy to be recorded in the affirmative.

17                 Senator Stavisky to explain her 

18    vote.

19                 SENATOR STAVISKY:   Thank you, 

20    Madam President.  

21                 First let me thank Senator Cleare 

22    for introducing this very, very significant piece 

23    of legislation.  It demonstrates our commitment 

24    to students, particularly students in public 

25    higher education.  And it's part of what I hope 


                                                               2427

 1    will be a continuing investment in their futures.

 2                 I think this goes beyond what we've 

 3    talked about.  We just -- I just sat through, 

 4    with my colleagues, a total of about six hours of 

 5    testimony by candidates for the Court of Appeals.  

 6    And questions came up during those hearings about 

 7    separation of powers.  And here we have, I think, 

 8    a perfect example where the FDA, part of the 

 9    executive branch of government, is being 

10    challenged by the judicial branch of government.  

11                 And is this the first time, the 

12    first example, the first instance of trying to 

13    overturn an executive order?  I hope not.  I 

14    think the question goes way beyond whether this 

15    is safe.  And the quote that I heard, 

16    Senator Krueger, was that these pills are safer 

17    than Tylenol.

18                 I think we have to consider the 

19    future of our young people today, and I proudly 

20    vote aye.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

22    Stavisky to be recorded in the affirmative.

23                 Senator Cleare to explain her vote.

24                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Thank you very 

25    much, Madam President.  


                                                               2428

 1                 There are nearly 700,000 students 

 2    enrolled at SUNY and CUNY schools.  Many of them 

 3    count on campus -- upon on-campus health clinics 

 4    for a wide range of needed care.

 5                 In some areas of the state, the 

 6    on-campus clinic may be the only health provider 

 7    within miles for many students who commute only 

 8    via public transportation, thus making it 

 9    tremendously important that when a woman needs 

10    access to timely reproductive healthcare, that it 

11    be offered as directly accessible as possible.

12                 As has been mentioned already, you 

13    know, the stakes can be very high -- very high -- 

14    for those who are seeking care and making choices 

15    about their bodies and about their future.  This 

16    bill provides young women safe and closer access 

17    by requiring CUNY and SUNY to provide access to 

18    medication abortion to students on campus, either 

19    directly or, where necessary and proper, via 

20    referral.

21                 I thank my Assembly colleague Harvey 

22    Epstein for his exceptional work on this issue, 

23    as well as SUNY and CUNY leadership, who we 

24    consulted with, and young women leaders all over 

25    the state, particularly from the Reproductive 


                                                               2429

 1    Justice Collective.  

 2                 I thank my colleagues here today.  

 3                 I proudly vote aye and encourage 

 4    everyone to please do the same.  Thank you.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

 6    Cleare to be recorded in the affirmative.

 7                 Announce the results.

 8                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

 9    Calendar 590, those Senators voting in the 

10    negative are Senators Ashby, Borrello, 

11    Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick, Felder, Griffo, Helming, 

12    Lanza, Mattera, Murray, Oberacker, Ortt, Palumbo, 

13    Rhoads, Stec, Tedisco, Walczyk, Weber and Weik.

14                 Ayes, 42.  Nays, 18.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The bill 

16    is passed.

17                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 

18    reading of the controversial calendar.

19                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Is there any 

20    further business at the desk?

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   There is 

22    no further business at the desk.

23                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Move to adjourn 

24    until tomorrow, Thursday, April 20th, at 

25    10:00 a.m.


                                                               2430

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   On motion, 

 2    the Senate stands adjourned until Thursday, 

 3    April 20th, at 10:00 a.m.

 4                 (Whereupon, at 5:14 p.m., the Senate 

 5    adjourned.)

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