Regular Session - February 5, 2025

                                                                   483

 1                NEW YORK STATE SENATE

 2                          

 3                          

 4               THE STENOGRAPHIC RECORD

 5                          

 6                          

 7                          

 8                          

 9                  ALBANY, NEW YORK

10                  February 5, 2025

11                     12:36 p.m.

12                          

13                          

14                   REGULAR SESSION

15  

16  

17  

18  SENATOR JEREMY COONEY, Acting President

19  ALEJANDRA N. PAULINO, ESQ., Secretary

20  

21  

22  

23  

24  

25  


                                                               484

 1                P R O C E E D I N G S

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 3    Senate will come to order.  

 4                 I ask everyone to please rise and 

 5    recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

 6                 (Whereupon, the assemblage recited 

 7    the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.)

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   We are 

 9    joined by Rabbi Mordechai Rubin, of the 

10    Colonie Chabad Jewish Center in Loudonville, who 

11    will deliver today's invocation.

12                 Rabbi.

13                 RABBI RUBIN:   I would first like to 

14    thank Senator Ashby.  

15                 I'm here with my wife, and together 

16    we co-direct locally in this region 

17    Colonie Chabad and Jewish Life at Siena College.  

18                 I'm going to begin with an act of 

19    charity.  (Inserting money into tzedakah box.)  

20                 Almighty God, Master of the 

21    Universe, the members of this esteemed body, the 

22    New York State Senate, convene here today to 

23    fulfill one of the seven commandments which you 

24    issued to Noah and his family after the 

25    Great Flood:  The commandment that all society be 


                                                               485

 1    governed by just laws.

 2                 As stated in the Book of Genesis and 

 3    its sacred commentaries, You issued at that time 

 4    the following seven laws:  To worship You and You 

 5    alone; never to blasphemy Your holy name; not to 

 6    commit murder, respect human life; not to commit 

 7    adultery, incest or any sexual misdeeds; not to 

 8    steal, lie or cheat; not to be cruel to any 

 9    living creature; and that every society be 

10    governed by just laws, based on the recognition 

11    and acknowledgement of You, O God, as the 

12    sovereign ruler of all humankind and all nations.  

13                 Grant, Almighty God, that the 

14    members of the New York State Senate confidently 

15    realize that by enacting just laws, they're doing 

16    Your will.  

17                 Almighty God, I beseech You today to 

18    bless the Senate and entire state and nation in 

19    the merit of two spiritual giants of our time, 

20    and of our country and state:  Rabbi Yosef 

21    Yitzchak Schneerson, of saintly memory, the sixth 

22    Chabad and Lubavitcher Rebbe, and his successor, 

23    our Rebbe and inspiration, Rabbi Menachem 

24    Schneerson, as we soon approach the 10th day of 

25    the Hebrew month of Shevat.  


                                                               486

 1                 This Saturday, this Shabbat will 

 2    mark 75 years, the 75th anniversary of the 

 3    transition of their leadership.  It is a day of 

 4    reflection and action, and one which should 

 5    energize us to be God-conscious beings.  Their 

 6    holy mission continues through our acts of 

 7    goodness and kindness, hastening the harmonious 

 8    era of messianic redemption.  

 9                 Ultimately we ask of You, O God, to 

10    usher in the era of redemption, where there will 

11    be no more war and strife, and all humankind will 

12    know You.  As the Prophet Isaiah states:  The 

13    earth shall be full of the knowledge of God, as 

14    the water covers the sea.  

15                 And let us say amen.

16                 (Response of "Amen.")

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Reading 

18    of the Journal.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   In Senate, Tuesday, 

20    February 4, 2025, the Senate met pursuant to 

21    adjournment.  The Journal of Monday, February 3, 

22    2025, was read and approved.  On motion, the 

23    Senate adjourned.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Without 

25    objection, the Journal stands approved as read.


                                                               487

 1                 Presentation of petitions.

 2                 Messages from the Assembly.

 3                 The Secretary will read.

 4                 THE SECRETARY:   Senator Rivera 

 5    moves to discharge, from the Committee on Rules, 

 6    Assembly Bill Number 926 and substitute it for 

 7    the identical Senate Bill 769, Third Reading 

 8    Calendar 43.

 9                 Senator Mayer moves to discharge, 

10    from the Committee on Rules, Assembly Bill 

11    Number 425 and substitute it for the identical 

12    Senate Bill 771, Third Reading Calendar 45.

13                 Senator Cleare moves to discharge, 

14    from the Committee on Rules, Assembly Bill 

15    Number 924 and substitute it for the identical 

16    Senate Bill 772, Third Reading Calendar 46.  

17                 Senator Harckham moves to discharge, 

18    from the Committee on Rules, Assembly Bill 

19    Number 1476 and substitute it for the identical 

20    Senate Bill 776, Third Reading Calendar 50.

21                 Senator Persaud moves to discharge, 

22    from the Committee on Rules, Assembly Bill 

23    Number 920 and substitute it for the identical 

24    Senate Bill 785, Third Reading Calendar 59.

25                 Senator Scarcella-Spanton moves to 


                                                               488

 1    discharge, from the Committee on Rules, 

 2    Assembly Bill Number 2058 and substitute it for 

 3    the identical Senate Bill 790, Third Reading 

 4    Calendar 64.

 5                 Senator Fernandez moves to 

 6    discharge, from the Committee on Rules, 

 7    Assembly Bill Number 2435 and substitute it for 

 8    the identical Senate Bill 791, Third Reading 

 9    Calendar 65.

10                 Senator Cleare moves to discharge, 

11    from the Committee on Rules, Assembly Bill 

12    Number 1099 and substitute it for the identical 

13    Senate Bill 796, Third Reading Calendar 70.

14                 Senator Hinchey moves to discharge, 

15    from the Committee on Rules, Assembly Bill 

16    Number 1016 and substitute it for the identical 

17    Senate Bill 800, Third Reading Calendar 74.

18                 Senator Brouk moves to discharge, 

19    from the Committee on Rules, Assembly Bill 

20    Number 1025 and substitute it for the identical 

21    Senate Bill 802, Third Reading Calendar 76.

22                 Senator Ramos moves to discharge, 

23    from the Committee on Rules, Assembly Bill 

24    Number 2432 and substitute it for the identical 

25    Senate Bill 808, Third Reading Calendar 82.


                                                               489

 1                 Senator Persaud moves to discharge, 

 2    from the Committee on Rules, Assembly Bill 

 3    Number 1026 and substitute it for the identical 

 4    Senate Bill 809, Third Reading Calendar 83.

 5                 Senator Sanders moves to discharge, 

 6    from the Committee on Rules, Assembly Bill 

 7    Number 421 and substitute it for the identical 

 8    Senate Bill 812, Third Reading Calendar 86.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   So 

10    ordered.

11                 Messages from the Governor.

12                 Reports of standing committees.

13                 Reports of select committees.

14                 Communications and reports from 

15    state officers.

16                 Motions and resolutions.

17                 Senator Gianaris.

18                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Good afternoon, 

19    Mr. President.  

20                 There's a privileged resolution at 

21    the desk.  Please take that up, read it in its 

22    entirety, and recognize Leader Stewart-Cousins on 

23    the resolution.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   There is 

25    a privileged resolution at the desk.  


                                                               490

 1                 The Secretary will read.

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 312, by 

 3    Senator Stewart-Cousins, memorializing 

 4    Governor Kathy Hochul to proclaim February 2025 

 5    as Black History Month in the State of New York.

 6                 "WHEREAS, Black History Month serves 

 7    as an opportunity to recognize and celebrate the 

 8    achievements, contributions, and resilience of 

 9    African-Americans throughout history; and 

10                 "WHEREAS, It is essential to 

11    recognize some of the most integral parts of 

12    Black history, including the struggles; and 

13                 "WHEREAS, The Civil War was a 

14    defining moment in American history, fought over 

15    the issue of slavery, leading to the eventual 

16    liberation of millions of African-Americans; and 

17                 "WHEREAS, The Emancipation 

18    Proclamation, signed by President Abraham Lincoln 

19    on January 1, 1863, declared that all enslaved 

20    individuals in Confederate-held territories were 

21    to be freed, marking a critical step toward the 

22    abolition of slavery; and 

23                 "WHEREAS, The passage of the 

24    13th Amendment to the United States Constitution 

25    on December 6, 1865, formally abolished slavery 


                                                               491

 1    in the United States, securing the freedom of 

 2    African-Americans and paving the way for future 

 3    civil rights advancements; and 

 4                 "WHEREAS, Black History Month was 

 5    originally established as Negro History Week in 

 6    1926 by Dr. Carter G. Woodson, a historian and  

 7    educator committed to ensuring that the 

 8    achievements and contributions of 

 9    African-Americans were acknowledged and 

10    preserved; and 

11                 "WHEREAS, In 1976, the celebration 

12    was expanded to a month-long observance, 

13    recognized nationally each February to honor the 

14    profound impact of African-Americans on the 

15    history, culture, and progress of the 

16    United States, from their contributions in 

17    science, literature, politics, business, and the 

18    arts to their pivotal role in the fight for 

19    civil rights and social justice; and 

20                 "WHEREAS, Black History Month seeks 

21    to emphasize that Black history is American 

22    history; and 

23                 "WHEREAS, The month of February 

24    observes the rich and diverse heritage of our 

25    great state and nation and encourages the 


                                                               492

 1    celebration of Black History Month to provide a 

 2    continuing opportunity for all people in the 

 3    United States to learn from the past, and 

 4    understand the factors that have shaped and 

 5    guided the course of our present-day experiences; 

 6    and 

 7                 "WHEREAS, The achievements of 

 8    African-Americans have been instrumental in 

 9    shaping the nation's progress, and it is 

10    essential to highlight some key moments, 

11    accomplishments, and historical firsts that have 

12    left a lasting impact on American history; and 

13                 "WHEREAS, From the legal field to 

14    public office, John S. Rock became the first 

15    African-American admitted to the bar of the U.S. 

16    Supreme Court in 1865, followed by Oscar J. Dunn 

17    as the first African-American lieutenant governor  

18    in Louisiana in 1868; Hiram Revels made history 

19    as the first African-American U.S. Senator in 

20    1870, and Charlotte E. Ray became the first 

21    African-American female lawyer in the 

22    United States in 1872; in education, Booker T. 

23    Washington founded Tuskegee Institute in 1881, 

24    helping pave the way for future Black scholars; 

25    in athletics, George Poage won an Olympic medal 


                                                               493

 1    in 1904, and Jesse Owens defied racial prejudices 

 2    with four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin 

 3    Olympics; in innovation, Bessie Coleman became 

 4    the first African-American woman to earn a 

 5    pilot's license in 1921, Garrett Morgan invented 

 6    the modern traffic signal and received a patent 

 7    in 1923; in the arts, Hattie McDaniel became the 

 8    first African-American to win an Academy Award in 

 9    1940, while Gwendolyn Brooks became the first 

10    African-American writer to win a Pulitzer Prize 

11    in 1950; and 

12                 "WHEREAS, Breaking barriers in civil 

13    rights, law, and politics, Brown v. Board of 

14    Education led to desegregation in schools in 

15    1954, and Ruby Bridges, at six years old, became 

16    the first African-American child to integrate an 

17    all-white elementary school in the South in 1960; 

18    Thurgood Marshall became the first 

19    African-American Supreme Court Justice in 1967; 

20    Shirley Chisholm was the first African-American 

21    woman elected to Congress in 1968; Douglas Wilder 

22    became the first African-American governor in 

23    U.S. history in 1989; in science and space, 

24    Guion Bluford became the first African-American 

25    astronaut in space in 1983, while Mae Jemison  


                                                               494

 1    followed as the first African-American woman in 

 2    space in 1992; Toni Morrison made literary 

 3    history as the first African-American woman to 

 4    win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993; and 

 5                 "WHEREAS, African-Americans have 

 6    also made great strides in leadership, with 

 7    Carol Moseley Braun becoming the first 

 8    African-American woman to serve in the U.S. 

 9    Senate in 1995, Colin Powell serving as the first  

10    African-American U.S. Secretary of State in 2001, 

11    and Condoleezza Rice becoming the first 

12    African-American woman in that role in 2005; and 

13                 "WHEREAS, The impact of 

14    African-American contributions to the moral 

15    fabric and history of this great nation are 

16    ever-growing and unprecedented; more recently, on 

17    January 20, 2009, Barack Obama became the first 

18    Black President of the United States, earning his 

19    wife, Michelle Obama, the same distinction in her 

20    role as First Lady; and 

21                 "WHEREAS, More notable 

22    African-American trailblazers who serve as a 

23    testament to the success, growth, and strength of 

24    our nation are:  Cheryl Boone Isaacs, who became  

25    the first Black president of the Academy of 


                                                               495

 1    Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2013; 

 2    Paulette Brown, the first Black woman to become 

 3    the American Bar Association president in 2015; 

 4    Dr. Carla Hayden, the first Black Librarian of 

 5    Congress in 2016; Jennifer King, the first 

 6    full-time Black woman NFL coach, heading the 

 7    Washington Commanders in 2020; Kamala Harris 

 8    became the first female and first Black and 

 9    Asian American Vice President of the 

10    United States in January 2021; Lloyd J. Austin 

11    has the unique distinction of being the first 

12    Black United States Secretary of Defense, sworn 

13    in on January 22, 2021; Maya Angelou, the first 

14    Black woman to appear on U.S. currency in 2022; 

15    Ketanji Brown Jackson made history in her 

16    becoming the first Black woman to serve on the 

17    United States Supreme Court on June 30, 2022; 

18    Karine Jean-Pierre became the first Black and 

19    LGBTQ White House press secretary in 2022; and 

20    Sika Henry, the first Black woman to be 

21    recognized as a professional triathlete in the 

22    United States, was inducted into the National 

23    Black Distance Running Hall of Fame in 2022; and 

24    all of whom encompass the many more powerful 

25    Black individuals who pushed through countless 


                                                               496

 1    obstacles to earn the respect of their peers and 

 2    this great state and nation; and 

 3                 "WHEREAS, Furthermore, Fred Perpall 

 4    was elected to serve as the 67th president  of 

 5    the United States Golf Association in 2023; also 

 6    in 2023, Kirsten Neuschwanger made history as the 

 7    first Black woman to graduate from the 

 8    U.S. Air Force Academy's pilot training; 

 9    Victor Glover was selected as the first Black 

10    astronaut to orbit the moon as part of NASA's 

11    Artemis II mission in 2024; Simone Biles became 

12    the most decorated American Olympic gymnast in 

13    history on July, 30, 2024; and on February 2, 

14    2025, Beyoncé became the first Black woman to win 

15    a Grammy for Best Country Album with 'Cowboy 

16    Carter'; and 

17                 "WHEREAS, In recognition of the vast   

18    contributions of African-Americans, a joyful 

19    month-long celebration is held across New York 

20    State and across the United States, with many 

21    commemorative events to honor and display the 

22    cultural heritage of African-Americans; and 

23                 "WHEREAS, This Legislative Body 

24    commends the African-American community for 

25    preserving, for future generations, its 


                                                               497

 1    centuries-old traditions that benefit us all and 

 2    add to the color and beauty of the tapestry which 

 3    is our American society; now, therefore, be it 

 4                 "RESOLVED, That this Legislative 

 5    Body pause in its deliberations to memorialize 

 6    Governor Kathy Hochul to proclaim February 2025 

 7    as Black History Month in the State of New York; 

 8    and be it further 

 9                 "RESOLVED, That copies of this 

10    resolution, suitably engrossed, be transmitted to 

11    The Honorable Kathy Hochul, Governor of the State 

12    of  New York, and to the events commemorating 

13    Black History Month throughout New York State."

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Leader 

15    Stewart-Cousins on the resolution.

16                 SENATOR STEWART-COUSINS:   Thank you 

17    so much, Mr. President.  

18                 I don't usually speak on Black 

19    History Month resolutions because they're usually 

20    a recitation of what happened in the past -- 

21    which I know is important to the body.  And 

22    because we are a body that is diverse and 

23    erudite, I have so many colleagues who are able 

24    to speak eloquently on the contributions of 

25    African-Americans to our country, to the world.  


                                                               498

 1    And I generally step aside, having spoken on 

 2    King Day, and allow my colleagues to express so 

 3    much of what remembering Black History Month 

 4    means to them.

 5                 But because of where we are, because 

 6    of the time that we're in, because of the moments 

 7    that really require all of us to say something 

 8    about something, I needed to say something about 

 9    why we celebrate Black history.  I needed to make 

10    sure that in this chamber and in this state we do 

11    not pretend that history is unimportant or easily 

12    erased.  

13                 I stand here because of the 

14    ancestors whose shoulders I stand upon.  And when 

15    we do our resolution, we talk about what happened 

16    in the 1800s and what happened in the 1900s, and 

17    it's easy for us to pretend that that was so long 

18    ago and that the accomplishments that we see 

19    today, so many firsts that we see today, are just 

20    a normal and natural thing.  

21                 And I wanted staff to update the 

22    resolution, and that's why we talked about 

23    Beyoncé and Justice Ketanji Brown -- and oh, by 

24    the way, this weekend two Black quarterbacks will 

25    meet at the Super Bowl.  


                                                               499

 1                 But I don't want anybody to assume 

 2    that all of that was just an organic thing that 

 3    happened.  I don't want anybody to pretend that 

 4    it was always about merit and never about race.  

 5    Because too many people missed an opportunity to 

 6    achieve the highest heights because the system 

 7    said that based on the color of their skin, they 

 8    could not possibly do any of those things.  

 9                 They could not possibly be able to 

10    walk on the moon.  They could not possibly be 

11    able to quarterback.  They could not possibly be 

12    able to be wise enough to sit on the 

13    Supreme Court bench.  They could not possibly, in 

14    the case of my father, who served in a segregated 

15    Army, be capable of defending the country.

16                 I understand that for a moment they 

17    took down the information about the 

18    Tuskegee Airmen, the Black pilots who, because 

19    Franklin Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor said, 

20    Let's take a chance, because we need defense, 

21    allowed these Black pilots to reach not only 

22    great heights, but be so effective in what they 

23    did.  They allowed them, as pilots, to pilot.

24                 Because it was assumed that they 

25    could not do it.  It was assumed that 


                                                               500

 1    Black people should be enslaved.  And even though 

 2    the Civil War was fought, the fact that the 

 3    Emancipation Proclamation happened -- and we all 

 4    know the story of Juneteenth, so it took a couple 

 5    of years for people to actually know.  Even then, 

 6    they were -- said, Okay, you're free.  With 

 7    nothing.  Nothing.

 8                 So when we read the scores of people 

 9    who, despite that, show up, stand up, sacrifice, 

10    risk death, risk lynching, risk incarceration, 

11    risk -- no, not even risk, know that they will 

12    continue to be marginalized unless and until 

13    people who sit in places like this created 

14    legislation to say:  Oh, by the way, you're no 

15    longer three-fifths of a person, you're a whole 

16    person.  

17                 Until those things happened, nothing 

18    changed.  And it happened because people 

19    outside -- Black, white, people of good 

20    conscience -- decided that it was not okay to 

21    demonize and marginalize and suppress an 

22    oppressed people because of the color of their 

23    skin.

24                 Some of these dates I was alive for.  

25    I was alive when schools were desegregated.  This 


                                                               501

 1    is not something someone -- that's why we fight 

 2    so hard to give resources to schools, because 

 3    people depend on that.  Why?  So that they have 

 4    the education so that they will not repeat the 

 5    same mistakes.  

 6                 And here we are pretending that 

 7    we're not looking at things that are being rolled 

 8    back as though somehow people are getting ahead 

 9    of folks because we celebrate history or we 

10    celebrate our culture or we celebrate the fact 

11    that we've achieved something.  

12                 We've achieved something because the 

13    American dream is big enough to allow us to 

14    achieve it.  We've achieved something because 

15    people's minds were pure enough to know that you 

16    can't continue to leave people behind and think 

17    it's perfectly fine.  Not when, as the rabbi 

18    said, we're supposed to be making just laws.

19                 We can't pretend that if we roll 

20    these laws back, or if now somebody of color, 

21    some woman, somebody who's got a disability is 

22    hired, it's DEI.  No.  It's right to allow people 

23    to do the best they can on behalf of each one of 

24    us.

25                 I stand here not because of DEI, but 


                                                               502

 1    because I have an opportunity to serve this 

 2    chamber and this state.  And I hope, as we watch 

 3    what's unfolding, we remember that many of us 

 4    would not be sitting in our seats if not for the 

 5    fighting of people to allow the dream to 

 6    encompass us all.

 7                 Thank you so much, Mr. President.

 8                 (Standing ovation.)

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

10    you, Majority Leader Stewart-Cousins.

11                 Senator Parker on the resolution.

12                 SENATOR PARKER:   Thank you, 

13    Mr. President.  

14                 And I'm not sure I'm happy to be 

15    following the leader on this particular day.  

16                 (Laughter.)

17                 SENATOR PARKER:   But it's always a 

18    pleasure to be in the company of our leader, who 

19    is, you know, history in the making every single 

20    day that she leads this great office.  And so 

21    thank you very much for not just your intrepid 

22    leadership, but for continuing to be the 

23    conscience of this state government here in 

24    New York.

25                 We are here today again to celebrate 


                                                               503

 1    Black History Month, a month that was created out 

 2    of Negro History Week, out of the zeitgeist, if 

 3    you will, of Carter G. Woodson.  Now, a lot of 

 4    times people don't remember Carter G. Woodson 

 5    because he was the second Brother to graduate 

 6    from Harvard University.  Right?  Everybody knows 

 7    W.E.B. Du Bois, right, who was the first.  

 8                 You know, Du Bois, creator of 

 9    sociology, right?  His study The Philadelphia 

10    Negro was the first sociological work ever 

11    recorded.  So he's literally the father of 

12    sociology.  One of the creators, at the 

13    Niagara Movement, of the NAACP, what emerged into 

14    what we now know as the NAACP.  But the first 

15    African-American to be graduated with a Ph.D. 

16    from Harvard.  Carter G. Woodson was the second.  

17                 And Carter G. Woodson was a teacher.  

18    Right?  Jabari, like -- you know, a teacher.  And 

19    like he wasn't -- he wasn't like the head of 

20    teachers in this -- right?  He had a Ph.D. from 

21    Harvard back in the early 1900s, and he wasn't 

22    like the head of teachers in the country.  He 

23    wasn't like even the head of Black teachers 

24    anywhere.  He was just like -- literally like a 

25    teacher.  Right?  Like Miss Murphy was for me in 


                                                               504

 1    third grade at P.S. 193.  Right?  We're going to 

 2    have to fix our education system as we go forward 

 3    with all our credentials.

 4                 But he was well-learned man.  And in 

 5    that experience, he was determined in the 1920s 

 6    to say we need to know more, that there needs to 

 7    be more of a conversation about who we are as 

 8    African-Americans.  So he actually, through the 

 9    organization that he ran at that time, started 

10    Negro History Week, which was chosen to be the 

11    second week of February for two reasons.  

12                 One, it was the same week as the 

13    birthday of President Lincoln, right, who was 

14    very much admired because of his stances on 

15    ending slavery.  And the second was the birthday 

16    of Frederick Douglass, whose birthday is also the 

17    second week of February.  And it is those two 

18    luminaries which Carter G. Woodson thought that 

19    we ought to use as a foundation to build this 

20    edifice to African-American history.

21                 But even when you read his works -- 

22    most notably, The Miseducation of the Negro -- 

23    Carter G. Woodson always knew that our history 

24    was bigger than us landing on the shores of 

25    Virginia in 1619.  Right?  1619, an important 


                                                               505

 1    date because it was the time that the first ships 

 2    came from Africa with African people enslaved on 

 3    them.

 4                 But he knew that it started before 

 5    then.  And what I like to refer to -- and I'm 

 6    going to use it again, because I like it so 

 7    much -- is that to understand that there is an 

 8    African in African-American, that we didn't pop 

 9    up like mushrooms on the shore of Virginia in 

10    1619.  That in fact that the first people on this 

11    planet were people of African descent.  

12                 And we know that anthropologically.  

13    Right?  They call her Alice.  I don't think that 

14    was quite her name, but certainly the name that 

15    the anthropologists called her.  I believe she 

16    was Homo sapien Anthropopithecus, right?  Sorry, 

17    Australopithecus.  Right?  

18                 The important thing to know about 

19    this anthropologically is that the first 

20    humans are found on the continent of Africa.  But 

21    more importantly, the modern humans, the first 

22    remnants of the modern humans are found on the 

23    African continent:  Homo sapien sapien.  Right?  

24                 And so out of that history and the 

25    anthropological evidence that we have, we get 


                                                               506

 1    Ayi Kwei Armah, who is a West African author who 

 2    wrote a book called Two Thousand Seasons.  And in 

 3    it he begins to talk about the history of 

 4    African people, and he says that if you want to 

 5    understand how long African people have been on 

 6    this planet, he said you would have to go to the 

 7    ocean.  And as you started to walk upon the sand, 

 8    you would have to count every grain of sand, 

 9    grain by grain.  And when you finished counting 

10    every grain of sand on the beach, you would only 

11    begin to understand how many seasons 

12    African people have been on the earth.  

13                 He said you then have to walk to the 

14    waterline and you would have to start to count 

15    the ocean, drop by drop.  And then when you add 

16    that number to the number of grains of sand, you 

17    only have a fraction of the number of seasons 

18    that african people have been walking the earth.  

19    He said you would then have to look up to the sky 

20    and see the sun and count every ray of sun, ray 

21    by ray.  

22                 And even when you start to add that 

23    up with the drops of water in the ocean and the 

24    grains of sand on the beach, that you would then 

25    only start to understand how long African people 


                                                               507

 1    have been walking on this earth.  

 2                 They were the first to see the dawn, 

 3    the first to call the name of God, the first to 

 4    understand mathematics and science and politics 

 5    and sociology and anatomy.  And not because they 

 6    were better, but simply they were first.  

 7                 And these were the group of people 

 8    that were chosen to be enslaved in this place and 

 9    in this land.

10                 And so when you see this history, 

11    it's important to understand that history is a 

12    record of culture and a development of culture.  

13    And that's critical to understand because we're 

14    in a moment now in which people are trying to 

15    erase both that culture and that history.  Where 

16    there's an active attempt to act like, you know, 

17    people of African descent have contributed 

18    nothing to this planet.  

19                 And let me say this.  If you think 

20    that it's okay to allow that erasure to happen, 

21    you're next.  You will be next.  

22                 We also understand, Mr. President, 

23    that history is the record of culture, but 

24    culture is the product of history.  Culture is a 

25    dynamic thing that comes out of the history of 


                                                               508

 1    particular groups of people.  Right?  And the 

 2    history and the culture of African people in this 

 3    land has been one of struggle -- similarly, that 

 4    we find other groups that have come here.  Right? 

 5                 And so in that way, there's this 

 6    uniting force about what makes us America and 

 7    about what makes us New York.  It's that we come 

 8    out of a culture and a history of struggle.  And 

 9    just like we survived those previous times, we 

10    will survive this time, exactly because we have 

11    this history and this culture to lean on.

12                 We had a culture that developed in a 

13    hostile place where we were denied our history, 

14    our dignity, our freedom, and our humanity.  Not 

15    just within the context of communities, but 

16    within the context of even the law that told us 

17    that we were -- that we were not even initially 

18    3/4ths of a human, we were not citizens, that we 

19    were not humans, period.

20                 That in fact as I refer to 

21    anthropology, literally -- a lot of people don't 

22    know this -- literally the discipline of 

23    anthropology was built as a scientific 

24    explanation of the superiority of white people, 

25    and to deny Black humanity.  They began with 


                                                               509

 1    skulls -- cranial capacity tests.  Right?  And we 

 2    should look that up and delve into that.  But 

 3    that's literally the foundations of anthropology.  

 4    We developed a whole course of study that was 

 5    really literally predicated on creating a 

 6    scientific justification on the enslavement and 

 7    the subjugation of African people.

 8                 And this history and this society 

 9    told us every single day that we were not worthy 

10    of humanity, respect or dignity.  But 

11    African people fought back.  And so when this 

12    society told us that we were not entitled to 

13    freedom, Black history created Denmark Vesey, 

14    Gabriel Prosser, and Nat Turner.  When this 

15    society told us that we were not smart enough to 

16    learn how to read and write, Black history gave 

17    us Phillis Wheatley, gave us David Walker's 

18    Appeal.  It gave us The North Star newspaper 

19    created by Frederick Douglass.  It gave us the 

20    newspaper Negro World, created by Marcus Garvey, 

21    and the Amsterdam News, by Bill Tatum.  

22                 During the Revolutionary War and the 

23    development of this country, they told us that we 

24    couldn't fight, and Black history gave us 

25    Crispus Attucks.  They even told us that we 


                                                               510

 1    weren't good enough to practice Free Masonry,  

 2    and Black history gave us Prince Hall.

 3                 They told us that we had nothing to 

 4    contribute to the society, that we couldn't even 

 5    take care of ourselves once we were free.  And 

 6    Black history gave us Booker T. Washington, who 

 7    created the Tuskegee Institute.  

 8                 They told us that we couldn't 

 9    organize ourselves, that we couldn't produce our 

10    own nation, that we had no history that we should 

11    pay attention to, and Black history gave us 

12    Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement 

13    Association.  

14                 They told us that we didn't have the 

15    capacity to go to war or to fight alongside of 

16    white soldiers, and Black history gave us the 

17    Buffalo Soldiers and the Tuskegee Airmen.

18                 They told us that Jim Crow was our 

19    way of life and that we were always going to be 

20    separate and unequal, and Black history gave us 

21    Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, the 

22    Southern Christian Leadership Conference, CORE, 

23    the NAACP, the Deacons for Defense, the 

24    Black Panther Party, and the Student Nonviolent 

25    Coordinating Committee.  


                                                               511

 1                 They told us that we weren't smart 

 2    enough to go to space, and Black history gave us 

 3    Mae Jemison.  

 4                 They told us that we couldn't 

 5    perform in the arts, and Black history gave us 

 6    Hattie McDaniel and Leontyne Price.  

 7                 They told us that we couldn't be 

 8    president, and Black history gave us 

 9    Shirley Chisholm, Barack Obama, and 

10    Kamala Harris.  

11                 They told us that we could not serve 

12    on the highest court of the land, that we didn't 

13    have the capacity to do that.  And Black history 

14    gave us Thurgood Marshall and now Ketanji Brown.  

15                 They told us that we didn't have the 

16    physical ability to keep up with whites in the 

17    sphere of sports, and Black history gave us 

18    Jesse Owens.  

19                 They told us, even here in the great 

20    State of New York, that we could not run the 

21    government and did not understand what was 

22    happening with finance, and so Black history gave 

23    us H. Carl McCall.  

24                 They told us that the justice in the 

25    great State of New York could never be run by 


                                                               512

 1    anybody Black, and Black history gave us Tish 

 2    James.  

 3                 They told us that if you were going 

 4    to have somebody be the second in command of the 

 5    government, that it had to be somebody white, but 

 6    Black history told us different and gave us David 

 7    Paterson and now Antonio Delgado.

 8                 They told us that how could a 

 9    legislature be run by African-Americans, and 

10    Black history gave us Speaker Carl Heastie and 

11    our eminent leader, Andrea Stewart-Cousins.  

12                 That in the development of our 

13    history, at every step they told us we could not 

14    do it.  They told us that we had to eat scraps -- 

15    and what did we do?  We created soul food.  They 

16    gave people the ends of the cow to eat, and what 

17    did we do?  Created oxtail.  

18                 (Laughter.)

19                 SENATOR PARKER:   They told us that 

20    our culture did not create enough viability to 

21    understand arts, and what did we do?  We created 

22    the steelpan, soca, reggae, jazz, R&B, soul, 

23    rhythm and blues, salsa, hip-hop and rap.  

24                 And so this has all become part of 

25    what we are, not just as New Yorkers but as 


                                                               513

 1    Americans.  And I stand here very proud of this 

 2    history, and understanding that this history is 

 3    still being made every day -- not just by us, but 

 4    by our constituents all over this great state.  

 5    And that this history is inextricably linked not 

 6    just to the history of our state but of our great 

 7    country, and inextricably linked to other groups.  

 8                 And so we may have gotten here on 

 9    different ships, but we're all in the same boat 

10    now.  And it's only by the understanding and the 

11    respect of each other's histories and culture 

12    that we're going to find a way forward.

13                 I want us to remember that 

14    African-American history is not just 

15    African-American stories, but it is the story of 

16    New York.  It is the story of America.  And that 

17    we must every single day in this chamber, and in 

18    our communities, continue to bring good into the 

19    world and let no good be lost.

20                 Thank you, Mr. President.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

22    you, Senator Parker.

23                 Senator Bailey on the resolution.

24                 SENATOR BAILEY:   Thank you, 

25    Mr. President.


                                                               514

 1                 Moving words, to say the least, by 

 2    our herstory-, history-making Leader Andrea 

 3    Stewart-Cousins.  Every time I've heard you speak 

 4    on the floor it has been magical, but there was 

 5    something about today that struck a chord deep in 

 6    my soul.  

 7                 So I wrote a few things down, which 

 8    many of you know that I'm not necessarily wont to 

 9    do, but I've sort of changed that because 

10    Brother Sam Cooke said a change is gonna come, 

11    and the change came to me.  So I thought about 

12    this, and I spoke about this on the floor before, 

13    but I wanted to frame it in historical context 

14    for you.  

15                 On November 8, 1837, a young woman 

16    by the name of Sylvia Richardson Holder was born 

17    in Johnson County, North Carolina.  My 

18    great-great grandmother -- great-great-great 

19    grandmother.  She was theoretically born 

20    three-fifths of a human being.  She was born into 

21    slavery.  

22                 So when people say, get over it, 

23    it's equal, it's merit-based, I want you to 

24    realize less than 200 years ago, my own 

25    great-great-great grandmother was born into 


                                                               515

 1    slavery.  But as I was reminded one time in the 

 2    this chamber by Kevin Parker, she was not a 

 3    slave.  That may have been the restrictions that 

 4    were placed on her by society, but she certainly 

 5    was not a slave.  Because she fought.  She 

 6    eventually was freed.  And I would not be here 

 7    today if not for her.  

 8                 So let's contextualize that when 

 9    they say "get over it," when they throw out 

10    this -- you know, I'm going to use DEI in such a 

11    different way.  And I can tell you everybody in 

12    here is some version of DEI -- duly elected 

13    incumbent.  Shout out to Brandon Scott, the mayor 

14    of our Baltimore, Maryland:  When they tried to 

15    call him a DEI mayor, that's what he told them.  

16                 When they're trying to roll back 

17    Black History Month in the military and they're 

18    saying you can't have these special months 

19    anymore, I remind you, I want to remind you that 

20    diversity is what makes our country actually 

21    great.  Contrary to the views of some.

22                 I love being Black.  Like, it just 

23    fills my soul with joy.  Growing up Black, like I 

24    just -- I just -- I thank God every day.  We 

25    should all thank God for who we are, but I thank 


                                                               516

 1    God that I was raised, that I was born Black in 

 2    America.  Because it's taught me what J. Cole 

 3    said in Love Yourz:  "There's beauty in the 

 4    struggle, ugliness in the success."  

 5                 There's a beautiful struggle about 

 6    what happens.  It feels better when you work for 

 7    something.  You like it more.  You respect it 

 8    more.  You appreciate it more when you work for 

 9    something.  And our folks have worked damn hard 

10    over the years to make sure that we approach 

11    equality.  

12                 Listen, Mr. President, when I say 

13    "approach equality."  Because I don't know what 

14    glasses people are wearing or the notion of this 

15    post-racial society that happened when 

16    President Obama was elected, but we ain't there 

17    yet.  And my hope is that we can get there.  My 

18    hope is that my children are able to live out 

19    Dr. King's dream.  

20                 We're not there yet, when they're 

21    cutting programs and they say that it's to 

22    increase efficiency, but it's to reduce other 

23    things.

24                 But, see, the story of being Black 

25    is what I told you about.  It's not all -- you 


                                                               517

 1    know, the worrying about what they're not doing, 

 2    let's worry about what we are doing and what we 

 3    have done.  The leader mentioned it.  Two Black 

 4    quarterbacks in the Super Bowl for the second 

 5    time in history.  There was a time in history 

 6    that they said Black folks were inferior, that 

 7    you couldn't play quarterback.  And if you played 

 8    high school quarterback, they tried to convert 

 9    you into a receiver.  And if they let you play 

10    quarterback in college, they tried to convert you 

11    to something else, because you didn't have the 

12    mental capacity or aptitude to do that.  

13                 We were within a stone's throw of 

14    having, for the first time, all four quarterbacks 

15    in the division around -- being Black 

16    quarterbacks.  They said that we couldn't do it, 

17    but Sunday you'll watch them do it.

18                 There is a certain beauty in the 

19    culture of hip-hop that I come from.  "Walk like 

20    warriors, we were never told to run" is something 

21    that Common said.  It encapsulates the 

22    Black struggle.  We have certain songs that we 

23    have -- we "Lift Every Voice and Sing," the 

24    unofficial Black national anthem.  And the second 

25    unofficial Black national anthem, "Before I Let 


                                                               518

 1    Go," by Frankie Beverly and Maze.  Because if 

 2    you've ever been to a Black function, that's got 

 3    to be on.

 4                 But sometimes, like, growing up 

 5    Black you live your life through like the 

 6    soul music on Sundays -- Hal Jackson, 107.5, 

 7    Sunday Classics -- growing up listening to our 

 8    folks, our voices, our struggle.  

 9                 You can't be what you can't see.  

10    And I grew up realizing it's a different world 

11    where you come from.  My favorite all-time 

12    television show, "A Different World," showed that 

13    not only could Black people succeed, not only 

14    could they go to college, that they did go to 

15    college.  

16                 And quite frankly, growing up, I 

17    thought I was going to go to Hillman.  It broke 

18    my heart that Hillman wasn't a real college.  

19                 (Laughter.)

20                 SENATOR BAILEY:   I thought I was 

21    going to pledge Kappa Lambda Nu.

22                 (Laughter.)

23                 SENATOR BAILEY:   It broke my heart 

24    to realize that that was not a real fraternity.  

25                 Did you know, Mr. President, that 


                                                               519

 1    within the years of 1987 to 1994 -- 

 2    coincidentally, around the years that "A 

 3    Different World" was on -- that at HBCUs, 

 4    historically Black colleges and universities, 

 5    attendance rates and applications went up 

 6    25 percent?  

 7                 You can't be what you can't see.  

 8    People saw that, you know what, if Dwayne Wayne 

 9    and Ron Johnson and Whitley Gilbert can do it, 

10    dammit, I can too.  That is the importance of 

11    being able to have positive Black voices and 

12    positive Black people on TV that you can see.  

13                 Again, I -- you couldn't tell me 

14    that I wasn't going to go to Hillman, man.  But 

15    it is a different world where we come from 

16    sometimes.  

17                 That different world is often 

18    fraught with strife, fraught with struggle.  But 

19    it's the positivity.  It's the memes that are 

20    shared on social media about growing up Black and 

21    the things that you know that your mama said that 

22    you can't do in your house, and the things that 

23    you know what we couldn't do -- there's a shared 

24    struggle that we have.  

25                 As we lift, as we climb, we continue 


                                                               520

 1    to live out the ideals of our ancestors.  I live 

 2    out the ideals of my great-great-great 

 3    grandmother every day.  At least I hope I do.

 4                 But I want to leave you with a 

 5    couple of things, and I want to say this.  I talk 

 6    about my kids all the time:  Giada, Carina, and 

 7    now Julian, the young king.  You know, Nas in his 

 8    song "Ultra Black" said, "We goin' ultra black, 

 9    we don't fold or crack."  "I hope you be better 

10    than I, life's precious."

11                 So I'm going to give you Black 

12    history in A to Z.  Black folks have been 

13    Amazingly Beneficial for the Collective, Dynamic 

14    and Eager, Fantastic, Genuine and Honest.  

15    Intelligent while being Jubilant, Kind and true 

16    Leaders.  Motivated through our struggle, Never 

17    Nervous, Optimistic and Powerful.  Quick-witted, 

18    Reliable and Sensational, Talented, Understanding 

19    our Vibrancy and being Welcoming.  Now, there is 

20    no Xeroxing our Xeniality as we have Yet, as a 

21    people, to reach our Zenith.  

22                 That's Black People from A to Z, by 

23    Jay-B.  But you will never know what it's like to 

24    be me.  That is the struggle of the Black man in 

25    America, the Black woman in America, the 


                                                               521

 1    Black child in America.  

 2                 And I encourage us that we extend 

 3    the privileges and cordialities of this house, 

 4    not just in this house but to everyone's house -- 

 5    to the residence that you live in, to the places 

 6    that you represent, please make sure that the 

 7    virtues of Black History Month extend well beyond 

 8    February.

 9                 Thank you, Mr. President.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

11    you, Senator Bailey.

12                 Senator Sanders on the resolution.

13                 SENATOR SANDERS:   Thank you, 

14    Mr. President.  

15                 Thank you for the resolution to 

16    Madam Leader.  I've been in the business for 

17    30 years, I've seen a bunch of people come and 

18    go.  I've seen leaders, male, female, Black, 

19    white.  She is the best, you know.  She is the 

20    best.

21                 But I would go a step further, even 

22    as I'm having trouble -- haven't worn this one in 

23    400 years, so give me a little time.  If there 

24    were a program, a DEI or whatever program, that 

25    was able to find leaders with as much quality as 


                                                               522

 1    Andrea Stewart-Cousins, not only would that be a 

 2    great program, but that would be great for 

 3    America to bring such talent to the fore, not to 

 4    have it hidden somewhere or forgotten somewhere.  

 5                 The history month this year, of 

 6    course, is a bittersweet thing.  Bittersweet.  

 7    Sweet because there are many victories that we 

 8    can speak of, but bitter because there are 

 9    efforts afoot at the federal government and other 

10    places to muffle and silence this type of 

11    history, to imagine that we can take this away.  

12                 And I contend that you cannot have 

13    American history without Black history.  And in 

14    that sense, you can't have Black history without 

15    American history.  And attempts to muffle and 

16    silence this are doing such great disservice to 

17    the American people.  It is hurting these 

18    students, Black and white.  It is hurting these 

19    people.  You're not going to have a whole history 

20    here.

21                 Let me give you one small example of 

22    it.  Everybody looks and they've seen the picture 

23    of Rosa Parks on the bus -- bold, brave, sitting 

24    in the front.  Sitting there, bold.  There's like 

25    a little bit of fear in her eyes, but steely 


                                                               523

 1    determination.  Look carefully, America.  There's 

 2    a white guy sitting behind her, a New Yorker who 

 3    just happened to be on the bus at that time.  He 

 4    stayed there to make sure she wouldn't get hurt 

 5    and brutalized.  

 6                 You can't separate Black history 

 7    from white history or American history.  Your 

 8    attempts to do so, for those who are, are doing 

 9    such damage to your own children and to 

10    generations of Americans.  There will be a day 

11    when people come to their senses and say, Oh, my 

12    God, we were trying to do such horrible things.  

13                 Every incident of American history 

14    moving forward has had all of us involved.  We 

15    only say Black history because we want to make 

16    sure it is not forgotten.  You can't separate 

17    these things.

18                 We live in a strange day.  We live 

19    in a day where it seems that the Civil War is not 

20    over, that we're still fighting this stupid 

21    battle, a battle which -- to all Confederates, 

22    news flash -- the Union won.  Anybody who needs 

23    to -- let me be the first to tell you, the Union 

24    won.  You can crawl back under whatever hole you 

25    want to and believe whatever you wish -- but that 


                                                               524

 1    battle, we are not going back.  

 2                 New York lost more than 

 3    50,000 troops in that battle, most of them white.  

 4    We should say that we are not going to go back on 

 5    this battle.  For those folk.  Even if you don't 

 6    believe in it yourself, you should say, for these 

 7    folk, we're not going to go back.

 8                 We are the Empire State, we claim.  

 9    We are the best that America's got.  (Sighing.)  

10    That may be a scary thought.  But under those 

11    conditions, we should commit ourselves and 

12    recommit ourselves to the idea of the union.  

13    It's imperfect.  Heck, who knows of it better 

14    than I, how imperfect the union is.  

15                 But I also know that a bunch of 

16    people gave their lives to this union, to make 

17    sure that we would go on, whether we are in 

18    Afghanistan, Iraq or wherever we find ourselves, 

19    or Gettysburg or Antietam or wherever we find 

20    ourselves.  

21                 A bunch of people fought and said, 

22    You know what, we're going to hold the line.  

23    We're going to make sure that this great American 

24    experiment, as flawed as it is, does not perish.  

25    Some of us took that oath.  I remind all of us of 


                                                               525

 1    it.  We said we would fight against enemies, 

 2    foreign and domestic, that challenge the union.  

 3    I encourage you to look to the papers again to 

 4    look to see what you said.

 5                 So we are the union -- the union, 

 6    yes, we are.  Thank God.  If I was in the 

 7    Confederacy, I would have a different 

 8    conversation perhaps.  We are here, we're in 

 9    New York, we're the Empire State.  American 

10    history is Black history.  Black history is 

11    American history.  This is a great place to begin 

12    it.  I encourage all of us to celebrate this 

13    history.  You made it.  Let's accept it, let's 

14    celebrate it, let's build on it.

15                 Thank you very much.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

17    you, Senator.

18                 Senator Comrie on the resolution.

19                 SENATOR COMRIE:   Thank you, 

20    Mr. President.

21                 I rise to echo the sentiments of my 

22    colleagues as we commemorate Black History Month.  

23    I want to thank our Majority Leader, Andrea 

24    Stewart-Cousins.  As Senator Sanders said, she's 

25    the best of us.  We want to thank her for her 


                                                               526

 1    continued leadership.  

 2                 Chronicling and giving voice, 

 3    resonance and significance to the immense 

 4    pioneering and worthy contributions of all 

 5    African-Americans over the past four centuries is 

 6    not only necessary from the standpoint of 

 7    understanding the past, but even more critical 

 8    for inspiring the future.  

 9                 Black history is not confined to the 

10    history books.  Black history encompasses the 

11    virtues and values we bring to spaces like this.  

12    Black history informs and animates our advocacy 

13    and our activism today.  

14                 There are many, many 

15    important avenues advocacy and activism can take.  

16    I want to explore one, economic inclusion, 

17    especially as it relates to minority- and 

18    women-owned businesses.  There's a consumer side 

19    to thinking through shopping locally and how many 

20    times a dollar circulates in a neighborhood.  

21    There's also a government procurement side.  As 

22    the saying goes, your budget reflects your 

23    values.  That is true for you as an individual 

24    and in your household.  

25                 Our budget as a state also reflects 


                                                               527

 1    our values.  With the recently released Executive 

 2    Budget our job as legislators is to ensure that 

 3    it is crafted in a way to ensure equity, access 

 4    and inclusion.  The actions of the federal 

 5    government and the U.S. Supreme Court to stifle 

 6    long-term gains, to do away with DEI and 

 7    affirmative action, to end the celebration of 

 8    Black History Month in spaces that we have fought 

 9    hard to make gains, speaks to the sense of 

10    urgency we should all have to promote tolerance, 

11    pride and agency for all people.

12                 When we build upon a legacy of 

13    upholding human dignity, when we work towards 

14    ending structural racism, when we advance health 

15    and economic equity, and when we defend and 

16    expand voting rights -- things that we have done 

17    here in this legislative body -- we are building 

18    on that vision and the values that Black History 

19    Month represents.  We, colleagues, are pioneers, 

20    creators, innovators and change agents, doing the 

21    things that our constituents want to see us do to 

22    improve this state.  

23                 Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis 

24    famously observed:  The most important political 

25    office is that of the private citizen.  I proudly 


                                                               528

 1    represent Queens County, home to trailblazing 

 2    figures who have shaped history across 

 3    journalism, music and culture.  We celebrate the 

 4    legacy of Gwen Ifill, a groundbreaking 

 5    journalist, television and news anchor.  In 1999, 

 6    she made history as the first African-American 

 7    woman to host a nationally televised U.S. public 

 8    affairs program, Washington Week in Review.  

 9                 Queens is home to many jazz legends, 

10    from James Brown, who made a home there, many 

11    other folk that made a home there.  Satchmo was 

12    there and still has a house in Elmhurst, which I 

13    would invite you to go see.  

14                 It's home also to musical icons like 

15    Nas, Nas Jones, a Grammy Award winner, rapper, 

16    songwriter, record producer and actor, who last 

17    year we welcomed him to this chamber to celebrate 

18    the 30th anniversary of his debut album Illmatic, 

19    a project that remains one of the most 

20    influential in hip-hop history.  

21                 Queens continues to produce leaders, 

22    innovators and cultural icons who inspire 

23    generations.  Their contributions remind us of 

24    the legacy of our borough and the importance of 

25    uplifting those who paved the way for the future.


                                                               529

 1                 We also have everyday heroes, 

 2    including the first African-American Speaker of 

 3    the New York City Council, Adrienne Adams, 

 4    straight out of South Jamaica, Queens.  

 5                 These are the voices of our new 

 6    generation who stand on the shoulders of early 

 7    Queens leaders like Roy Wilkins, Guy Brewer, and 

 8    my predecessor in the City Council, 

 9    Archie Spigner.

10                 We have to remember, though, that 

11    our history needs to be maintained and that our 

12    dignity and respect to others need to be 

13    maintained also.  

14                 And I bring that up to say that the 

15    tragedy that happened to Robert Brooks in 

16    Marcy Correctional Facility should not be 

17    anything that our state should do anything but 

18    push to make sure those people that violently 

19    attacked and murdered him while he was in the 

20    custody of the state -- shown by the disturbing 

21    footage released by the Attorney General that 

22    reveals the horrific circumstances in which he 

23    lost his life.

24                 This is a stark reminder of the 

25    deep-rooted issues of brutality and racial 


                                                               530

 1    injustice that still persist in our country.  We 

 2    must be clear:  No human should ever be treated 

 3    in such a dehumanizing manner.  The justice 

 4    system must operate with fairness and 

 5    transparency, ensuring that this case is 

 6    investigated and that these people be put in 

 7    jail.  

 8                 We cannot continue to allow our 

 9    prison system to be a place where violence and 

10    disregard for life are tolerated.  And we want to 

11    give our deepest condolences to the family.

12                 We also need to make sure that our 

13    voice is critical to the kind of politics that we 

14    need to have -- the politics of public policy, 

15    the politics of making sure that our government 

16    pursues justice, that the kind of communities 

17    that we all live in come through these challenges 

18    and come out stronger and better.  

19                 We need to make sure that we do more 

20    to ensure that our budget reflects our values, 

21    that our budget reflects fairness and equity 

22    throughout this state, that we create 

23    opportunities for people in this budget that we 

24    bring to our folk that are in need, that we 

25    protect folk that are in trouble.  


                                                               531

 1                 And especially now with ICE going to 

 2    homes all over this state, we need to make sure 

 3    that we're doing things to help those that are 

 4    most in danger.  

 5                 If we don't do that, we're not 

 6    fulfilling our commitment as legislators, we're 

 7    not fulfilling our commitment as New Yorkers, and 

 8    we're not fulfilling our commitment as Americans.

 9                 Again, Mr. President, I want to 

10    thank Andrea Stewart-Cousins for bringing this 

11    resolution every year.  This year it's more 

12    important than ever that we talk about our 

13    Black history, that we talk about how, as 

14    Senator Sanders said, this is one history.  

15    Black, white, we're all in this together.  As 

16    Senator Parker said, we're in the same boat now.  

17    We can't it parse it out for any other specific 

18    reasons.  We have to understand that the only way 

19    me move forward in a positive way is to move 

20    forward together.  

21                 If we allow people to separate us 

22    and parse us out into great stories that are not 

23    true, we're going to fall apart.  But I know that 

24    in this body we're better than that.  We can rise 

25    above the partisanship that other people are 


                                                               532

 1    trying to do, and focus on making sure that this 

 2    state rises above anything that's not for real.  

 3    Anything that can be easily disseminated, we can 

 4    overcome.  

 5                 And I hope that we all remember our 

 6    charge, which is to make sure that our 

 7    communities are better than we left them.

 8                 Thank you, Mr. President.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

10    you, Senator Comrie.

11                 Senator Baskin on the resolution.

12                 SENATOR BASKIN:   Thank you, 

13    Mr. President.

14                 I rise today with urgency, pride and 

15    gratitude as my colleagues and I in the New York 

16    State Legislature celebrate Black History Month.  

17                 Mr. President, my urgency reflects 

18    the frantic efforts -- not new, but ever so 

19    present -- of those occupying the White House to 

20    reverse initiatives designed to uplift Black 

21    people after centuries of oppression.  

22                 My pride reflects the joys, the 

23    gifts and the sovereignty bestowed upon me by my 

24    ancestors.  I am a Black American of African 

25    descent and proud of it.  


                                                               533

 1                 And my gratitude, my gratitude, dear 

 2    colleagues, is rooted in assurance that I am 

 3    elected to a governing body in this country whose 

 4    members have not conformed to the vile and overt 

 5    efforts to erase the monumental contributions of 

 6    Black Americans, or to obscure the unfiltered 

 7    truth of the systemic and vicious targeting of 

 8    Black Americans since our nation's birth.  

 9                 It is my belief that governing 

10    bodies who still hold true to basic humanity must 

11    revere Black History Month now more than ever.  

12    Because we all know that there are governing 

13    bodies in this country that at this very moment 

14    are gutting policies designed to increase 

15    inclusivity for marginalized communities, 

16    including Black Americans.  

17                 These government leaders support 

18    billion-dollar corporations and dismantling 

19    practices that help Black people rise above 

20    oppressive history in our country.  Because we 

21    all know there are governing bodies in this 

22    country who have voted to overturn policies aimed 

23    at creating equity in college admissions, 

24    policies that sought to address historical 

25    realities that Black Americans have never had 


                                                               534

 1    equal opportunities to education.  

 2                 We know that there are courts in 

 3    this country rejecting the John Lewis Voting 

 4    Rights Act.  Because we all know that there are 

 5    governing bodies in this country who have voted 

 6    to ban books and educational materials that teach 

 7    Black history to children.  

 8                 Because each and every one of us 

 9    know of the harmful governmental policies of 

10    yesteryear in the very city that I represent:  

11    Buffalo, New York.  Redlining, for instance, a 

12    discriminatory practice of denying or limiting 

13    financial services to certain neighborhoods based 

14    on race, was intentionally designed in Buffalo to 

15    create Black neighborhoods entrenched with 

16    poor housing stock, which is why so many 

17    Black children in Buffalo suffer from 

18    lead poisoning.  

19                 Environmental hazards have plagued 

20    these neighborhoods, which is why so many 

21    Black communities in Buffalo are labeled a cancer 

22    cluster.  And food deserts persist, leaving 

23    Black communities without access to healthy and 

24    affordable food.  Which is why the tragedy 

25    unfolded in my community where a grocery store in 


                                                               535

 1    a Black neighborhood was targeted by a barbaric 

 2    white nationalist who drove hours simply to 

 3    murder 10 Black residents, and seriously wounded 

 4    three, just because they were Black.

 5                 There are government bodies in this 

 6    country that are doing everything right now in 

 7    their power to erase Black history and, by 

 8    extension, erase Black people.  

 9                 So again, colleagues, today I rise 

10    with gratitude, gratitude to the New York State 

11    Legislature for your continued support of this 

12    great tradition.  May we, as New Yorkers, be 

13    brave enough and remain brave enough to celebrate 

14    Black history today, celebrate Black history six 

15    months from now, celebrate Black history four 

16    years from now, celebrate Black history always, 

17    and, Mr. President, celebrate Black history 

18    forever.

19                 Thank you.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

21    you, Senator.

22                 Senator Webb on the resolution.

23                 SENATOR WEBB:   Thank you, 

24    Mr. President.

25                 I want to again echo my complete 


                                                               536

 1    gratitude to all my colleagues who have spoken 

 2    today.  Of course, the Senate Majority Leader -- 

 3    no surprise -- always sets the bar very, very 

 4    high.  And we need leadership like hers not just 

 5    today, but every day as we as legislators, but 

 6    first of all as public servants, navigate this 

 7    treacherous time.  That we know the power and the 

 8    significance of policy, good public policy that 

 9    can build and not destroy.

10                 I wanted to share a poem by one of 

11    our ancestors, who became an ancestor last year, 

12    a great leader and poet, also a soror of mine, 

13    and that is Nikki Giovanni.  And in this 

14    particular poem she talks about the importance of 

15    Black History Month and what it means to 

16    everyone.  And she says:  

17                 "If Black History Month is not 

18                 viable then wind does not 

19                 carry the seeds and drop them 

20                 on fertile ground 

21                 rain does not 

22                 dampen the land 

23                 and encourage the seeds 

24                 to root 

25                 sun does not 


                                                               537

 1                 warm the earth 

 2                 and kiss the seedlings 

 3                 and tell them plain:  

 4                 You're As Good As Anybody Else 

 5                 And You've Got A Place Here, Too."

 6                 And so when I think about my own 

 7    trajectory of being here and that we all stand on 

 8    the shoulders of our ancestors, whether it's 

 9    within our own families, I think about my parents 

10    and grandparents and great-grandparent, those 

11    folks who made countless sacrifices for us all to 

12    be here in this chamber, that it is important 

13    that we call their names but, more importantly, 

14    we honor their legacies by the work that we do.  

15    As I often say, the good work.

16                 Black History Month is an 

17    opportunity to not only remember contributions of 

18    Black leaders here in America, but it is a call 

19    to action.  It is a reminder of our shared 

20    humanity, that the work we must do not only as 

21    public servants but as good human beings, that 

22    when we take the time to honor and lift up the 

23    contributions of Black Americans, of all of the 

24    ways in which diversity is our strength, it is us 

25    centering our shared humanity.  It allows us to 


                                                               538

 1    not only coexist, but to thrive.

 2                 I think about not only the 

 3    sacrifices that our ancestors have made in their 

 4    willingness, even in the sight of adversity, and 

 5    no way of knowing if they would be successful, 

 6    but yet they still stood up and encouraged others 

 7    to do the same, to push us towards our shared 

 8    humanity.

 9                 For this moment, in this time, I 

10    encourage all of us in this chamber to not only 

11    acknowledge and support this resolution by voting 

12    aye, but I encourage all of us to not only think 

13    about but more proactively think about the legacy 

14    we are leaving for not only our communities, our 

15    children, and those coming after us, to reflect 

16    on this moment in time and ask ourselves, how are 

17    we as not only legislators, as public servants, 

18    as good human beings, working to ensure that the 

19    legacy of our shared humanity lives on in the 

20    good deeds that we do?  Because we all benefit 

21    from it.  

22                 Again, I want to thank our 

23    Majority Leader, the Governor, and of course, 

24    Mr. President, I proudly vote aye in favor of 

25    this resolution.  And I hope that as a body that 


                                                               539

 1    we make a collective stand and say that the 

 2    erasure of Black culture in any shape, form or 

 3    fashion is not an option.  That education we know 

 4    is the key to our shared success and progress -- 

 5    not only as New Yorkers, not only as Americans, 

 6    but as human beings.

 7                 Thank you, Mr. President.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 9    you, Senator.

10                 Senator May on the resolution.

11                 SENATOR MAY:   Thank you, 

12    Mr. President.

13                 And I rise also to thank the 

14    Majority Leader and my colleagues for their 

15    passionate teaching about Black History Month 

16    today and every day, honestly.  

17                 It was Memorial Day 1921 when a 

18    altercation in Tulsa, Oklahoma, turned into a 

19    riot and a massacre that left an untold number of 

20    people dead and destroyed what was known as 

21    Black Wall Street, the most wealthy Black 

22    community in the country.  Ten thousand people 

23    were displaced, and that all the wealth of that 

24    community was effectively destroyed.

25                 It was not until 2001, 80 years 


                                                               540

 1    later, that the official report of that massacre 

 2    was published.  And a year later, it was -- it 

 3    began to be included in the curriculum for 

 4    schoolchildren in the state of Oklahoma.

 5                 As we've heard today, the telling of 

 6    Black history -- Black history itself has been a 

 7    history of struggle, but even the telling of 

 8    Black history has been a constant struggle just 

 9    to get the word out there.  And what has happened 

10    in the last couple of years in Oklahoma, the 

11    state legislature passed a law that has caused 

12    most teachers to take the telling about that 

13    massacre out of their own curriculum because the 

14    state legislature is concerned that white 

15    children are not able to cope with the idea of 

16    racism as something -- that it's too painful, 

17    it's too shameful, that they shouldn't have to 

18    deal with that concept.

19                 I'm familiar with this problem 

20    because my grandparents collaborated back in 1965 

21    on a textbook that attempted to broaden the 

22    teaching of American history in the eighth grade.  

23    And they received death threats once that 

24    textbook was adopted in the California schools.  

25    People started pulling their kids out of 


                                                               541

 1    eighth-grade history classes because they didn't 

 2    want them to learn about Harriet Tubman and 

 3    Frederick Douglass and Martin Luther King, Jr. 

 4                 And it is deeply saddening to me 

 5    that 60 years later, we are in the same 

 6    situation, where the telling of Black history is 

 7    something that is being expunged from our 

 8    schools, from our government buildings, from the 

 9    record.  And that we have a president who 

10    decided, in the midst of a terrible tragedy, to 

11    give a press conference where he, with zero 

12    basis, blamed DEI for the tragedy instead of 

13    committing to take responsibility for finding out 

14    what really happened and making sure it didn't 

15    happen again.

16                 I'm proud that here in New York we 

17    take Black history and Black History Month 

18    seriously, and I'm deeply grateful to my 

19    colleagues for teaching me about Black history 

20    every day.

21                 I vote aye.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

23    you, Senator.  

24                 Senator Harckham on the resolution.

25                 SENATOR HARCKHAM:   Thank you very 


                                                               542

 1    much, Mr. President.  

 2                 I want to thank our Majority Leader 

 3    for bringing this resolution forward.  I want to 

 4    thank her for her remarkable remarks on the 

 5    floor.  

 6                 I want to thank my colleagues for 

 7    speaking your truth and telling your stories.

 8                 I rise today because I have 

 9    constituents who want to know that I have their 

10    back and that we in this chamber have their back 

11    as their stories are diminished, their history 

12    and their truth is under threat, as has been told 

13    by my colleague about the diminishment of 

14    Black History Month in the U.S. military, threats 

15    to textbooks, threats to public school funding, 

16    and the end of efforts to encourage diversity, 

17    both in government, in our academia, in the 

18    workplace.  

19                 This is deeply troubling to many of 

20    my constituents because it diminishes people.  It 

21    says that you do not -- you are not worthy to 

22    have a seat at the table.  And that is just 

23    unfair, and it's unjust.  And it flies in the 

24    face of the institutional barriers that are there 

25    in so many areas, in terms of the private sector 


                                                               543

 1    and in terms of education, in terms of housing, 

 2    in terms of healthcare, in terms of criminal 

 3    justice.  The data is still there to indicate 

 4    that there are systemic barriers there.  

 5                 I thank my colleague from Buffalo 

 6    for talking about redlining.  You look at the 

 7    Regional Plan Association data, New York City 

 8    suburbs are the most segregated suburbs in the 

 9    country.  Long Island, the Lower Hudson Valley, 

10    where I live, the most segregated suburbs in the 

11    country.  And that is because of the legacy of 

12    housing policy that you described, the redlining 

13    and other housing policies that prohibited folks 

14    of color from having access to zip codes of 

15    opportunity.

16                 And it's not long ago that -- when 

17    we came into this body in 2019 and we began 

18    working on fully funding Foundation Aid for our 

19    schools, we saw that primarily Black and brown 

20    schools in districts like mine, Peekskill and 

21    Ossining, were at half the funding they should 

22    have been, while neighboring communities with 

23    high property wealth were getting twice the 

24    Foundation Aid.  And that is another inequity for 

25    those students.


                                                               544

 1                 And so it's important that that 

 2    struggle that educates us about the need to 

 3    rectify these barriers in this chamber, those 

 4    stories need to be told that many of my 

 5    colleagues told today of their own families and 

 6    of the history.  

 7                 And so, you know, when a president 

 8    puts pressure and signs executive orders that we 

 9    want to erase this history, we have to stand with 

10    our constituents and say, No, your history 

11    matters, your story matters, your truth matters, 

12    and your struggle matters.

13                 I vote aye.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

15    you, Senator Harckham.  

16                 Senator Gonzalez on the resolution.  

17                 SENATOR GONZALEZ:   Thank you, 

18    Mr. President.  

19                 And thank you to the leader for 

20    bringing forward this Black History Month 

21    resolution.  Thank you for setting the tone for 

22    New York State.

23                 While the federal government is busy 

24    banning the celebration and study of 

25    Black history and so much more, here in the State 


                                                               545

 1    Legislature we know better.  We know that Black 

 2    history is our history.  We know that we are who 

 3    we are because of the contributions Black 

 4    Americans and Black New Yorkers have made in our 

 5    state and in our country.

 6                 And we know that the erasure of 

 7    Black history leaves us not only ignorant of the 

 8    past but less able to imagine a better future for 

 9    all New Yorkers.

10                 I've experienced this impact in my 

11    own life. I would not be here as the youngest 

12    woman ever elected to the New York State Senate 

13    if it was not for Black history.

14                 As many of you know, I studied race 

15    and ethnicity studies, in addition to political 

16    science, at Columbia University.  The Center for 

17    the Study of Ethnicity and Race, CSER, was 

18    created in response to a student strike in 1996 

19    when a coalition of Black and brown student 

20    leaders, inspired by the Black Panthers and the 

21    Young Lords, waged a month-long campaign to 

22    demand an ethnic studies department.  

23                 Because of this organizing and 

24    because of this major, I learned a lot about the 

25    history of colonization and the history of the 


                                                               546

 1    civil rights movement.  

 2                 It was Black women leaders like 

 3    Shirley Chisholm who inspired me to enter 

 4    politics, who taught me that we do not have to 

 5    accept the world as it is, but we have the 

 6    ability to fight for better.  It was Black queer 

 7    feminist authors like Audre Lourde and bell hooks 

 8    who taught me that using my voice for good was an 

 9    act of resistance.  

10                 Black history gave me the tools to 

11    understand capitalism and the tools to organize 

12    in my own community.  It's what led me on my path 

13    to politics.  And if it wasn't for another 

14    Black leader, President Obama, I wouldn't have 

15    gotten my start in politics.  

16                 As a democratic socialist, I'm also 

17    inspired by Black leaders like MLK, who said 

18    "Call it democracy or call it democratic 

19    socialism, but there must be a better 

20    distribution of wealth for all of God's 

21    children," and reminded us that class struggle 

22    and the struggle for racial justice are one and 

23    the same, and that we must acknowledge our 

24    collective responsibility to each other and to 

25    our communities.  


                                                               547

 1                 In a moment when oligarchs are 

 2    building wealth off the backs of the most 

 3    vulnerable in our state, we must not only 

 4    celebrate Black history, but we must use this 

 5    knowledge and tools of past movements combat 

 6    hatred.  

 7                 As John Lewis said:  "We cannot lose 

 8    ourselves in a sea of despair.  We must speak up, 

 9    speak out and get in the way."  As we celebrate 

10    Black history in this moment, let us celebrate 

11    this tradition of resistance and speak up and 

12    speak out for equal rights and justice for all 

13    New Yorkers.  

14                 I vote aye.  Thank you.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

16    you, Senator.

17                 Senator Brisport on the resolution.

18                 SENATOR BRISPORT:   Thank you, 

19    Mr. President.  

20                 And thank you to the leader for 

21    introducing this resolution, to all my colleagues 

22    for speaking on it and supporting it today.  And 

23    I especially want to thank all of my Black 

24    colleagues.  Today we are saying it loud:  We are 

25    Black, and we are proud -- despite the efforts in 


                                                               548

 1    D.C. to erase our history and try to erase us 

 2    from America.

 3                 I would be remiss if I did not also 

 4    bring up another group that the current federal 

 5    administration is trying to erase.  On the 

 6    campaign trail, President Trump said, "We pledge 

 7    to you that we will root out the communists, 

 8    Marxists, fascists and the radical left thugs 

 9    that live like vermin within the confines of our 

10    country."

11                 And I'd like to say that 

12    dehumanization is straight out of the playbook of 

13    Hitler's Third Reich, and I reject that type of 

14    language.  

15                 And as a proud Black socialist, I'm 

16    happy to stand on the shoulders of incredible men 

17    like Martin Luther King, Jr., who also said "The 

18    problem is that we all too often have socialism 

19    for the rich and rugged free-enterprise 

20    capitalism for the poor.  That's the problem."  

21                 And in our current moment, with the 

22    appointment of co-president Elon Musk, 

23    oligarchy's grip on the White House has been 

24    turbocharged.  And the attempts to erase Black 

25    people and Black History Month are part of 


                                                               549

 1    a wider and broader assault on working-class 

 2    people.  

 3                 Cuts to Medicaid funding will harm 

 4    Black people and working-class people.  Gutting 

 5    environmental regulations will harm Black people 

 6    and working-class people.  Tariffs will raise 

 7    prices and worsen the cost of living for 

 8    Black people and working-class people.  

 9                 But despite those chaotic proposals 

10    at the federal level, I'm inspired by another man 

11    whose shoulders I stand on, Fred Hampton, of the 

12    Black Panther Party.  He said, "We don't think 

13    you fight fire with fire best.  We think you 

14    fight fire with water best.  We're going to fight 

15    racism not with racism, but we're going to fight 

16    it with solidarity.  We say we're not going to 

17    fight capitalism with Black capitalism, but we're 

18    going to fight it with socialism."

19                 So I'm looking forward to using our 

20    budget process here in the State of New York to 

21    fight against the chaos of Washington, D.C., by 

22    fighting for universal healthcare, universal 

23    childcare, social housing, free and fast transit 

24    for Black New Yorkers and all New Yorkers.

25                 Happy Black History Month.


                                                               550

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 2    you, Senator.

 3                 Senator Cleare on the resolution.

 4                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Thank you, 

 5    Mr. President.

 6                 I want to first thank our leader, 

 7    Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins, for bringing this 

 8    resolution.  

 9                 And I didn't think I would be saying 

10    anything today, but her words were so moving.  

11    And you all know the district I represent.  So 

12    proud of the Black history in that district, and 

13    I felt that I needed to say something.  

14                 The first Black man in the 

15    Legislature, the New York State Legislature, was 

16    one of 11 children born into slavery.  Got 

17    hisself elected from Harlem in 1917, into the 

18    State Assembly.  

19                 The first Black woman to get elected 

20    in the State Senate, Constance Baker Motley, from 

21    Harlem.  I have to say that I have watched her 

22    life long before I even thought I would be a 

23    Senator.  This is the person who wrote the legal 

24    brief for Brown v. Board of Education, which 

25    opened the doors for so many, all of us, to be 


                                                               551

 1    educated, Black and otherwise.

 2                 And there's a quote of hers that 

 3    just struck me today.  When asked about her 

 4    achievements, which were many, far beyond the New 

 5    York State Senate, she said:  "I rejected the 

 6    notion that my race or sex would bar my success 

 7    in life."

 8                 That's such an important quote.  And 

 9    that is the very epitome of why we have to 

10    preserve Black history.  Black children, 

11    Black boys, Black girls, Latina girls, boys, need 

12    to know that for themselves.  They need to see 

13    someone who overcame some of the most difficult 

14    circumstances.  

15                 Our Black history is not just about 

16    the pain that some people say we're putting on 

17    others.  It's about the victories.  It's about 

18    the overcoming.  It's about the surviving.  And 

19    it's about hope.

20                 So when you hear the discouraging 

21    and hurtful remarks and actions of some, just 

22    know that you can overcome those things, and 

23    those words don't make you.  Those circumstances 

24    don't define you.

25                 I proudly represent a district that 


                                                               552

 1    includes Harlem, where the historic March on 

 2    Washington was planned on West 130th Street by 

 3    A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin.  

 4                 I walk through history every single 

 5    day.  Just this past weekend I was able to 

 6    celebrate the life of Langston Hughes, one of the 

 7    greatest, greatest writers in our history.  

 8    Through him, and through many others, is where 

 9    our young people see hope.  They see themselves.  

10    They see how they can achieve.  They see how they 

11    can contribute.  

12                 And it is criminal for anyone to 

13    deny anyone's history.  You have to know who you 

14    are.  You have to know what happened.  We have to 

15    know the things that occurred in history so that 

16    we don't repeat them.

17                 So today I'm really proud to stand 

18    here with this body celebrating Black History 

19    Month, all of us celebrating Black history.  And 

20    as my colleague said earlier, Black history is 

21    American history.  It is important to us and all 

22    of our children to know what happened, to know 

23    the role that we all played in it.

24                 And as was said earlier, let the 

25    history books reflect what we did in this moment.  


                                                               553

 1    When this was said by our so-called leader, what 

 2    did we do?  Because the history will go on.  The 

 3    books will be written.  

 4                 I proudly vote aye on this 

 5    resolution today.  And I align myself with the 

 6    remarks of my colleagues and once again thank our 

 7    leader, Andrea Stewart-Cousins, and our Governor 

 8    for making sure that we recognize and celebrate 

 9    Black history.

10                 Happy Black History Month to all.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

12    you, Senator.

13                 Senator Scarcella-Spanton on the 

14    resolution.

15                 SENATOR SCARCELLA-SPANTON:   Thank 

16    you, Mr. President.

17                 And thank you to Majority Leader 

18    Stewart-Cousins for bringing this resolution to 

19    the floor.  And to all my amazing colleagues, 

20    hearing your testimony today is incredibly 

21    powerful.  It helped me, inspired me to jot down 

22    my own words, not anything prepared.  

23                 Staten Island and Southern Brooklyn 

24    are home to countless Black legends, leaders, 

25    artists, and so much more.  Just last year we 


                                                               554

 1    honored Kamora Freeland on the floor of the 

 2    Senate, the youngest Black female pilot in the 

 3    entire country, who is now proudly at 

 4    Spelman University.  

 5                 Staten Island is the birthplace of 

 6    the Wu-Tang Clan.  I know we don't get the 

 7    reputation for being the home of hip-hop -- 

 8                 (Laughter.)

 9                 SENATOR SCARCELLA-SPANTON:   -- but 

10    you have to give us that.  They revolutionized 

11    hip-hop by combining poetic lyrics, martial arts, 

12    and philosophy, completely changing the dynamic 

13    as we know it.  

14                 My district is home to powerful 

15    leaders, including Hakeem Jeffries, who is the 

16    first African-American Congressman from 

17    Southern Brooklyn and the first African-American 

18    elected official to represent either party in the 

19    United States Congress.

20                 My district is home to the 

21    Black Angels, who were a dedicated group of 

22    African-American nurses from Staten Island who 

23    played a crucial role in curing TB patients in 

24    Sea View Hospital.  Their role changed the course 

25    of medical care and helped with integration.


                                                               555

 1                 New York State will always honor 

 2    Black history.  And more importantly, we must 

 3    never, ever forget the history that they have 

 4    provided.

 5                 I proudly vote aye on this 

 6    resolution.  And I want my constituents to know 

 7    that the contributions of our Black community are 

 8    celebrated this month and all the time, but I 

 9    will work with all of my colleagues to make sure 

10    that that history is preserved every day of the 

11    year.

12                 Thank you.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

14    you, Senator.

15                 Senator Jackson on the resolution.

16                 SENATOR JACKSON:   Well, thank you, 

17    Mr. President and my colleagues, all of you who 

18    have spoken to this Black history lesson for 

19    about two hours.  So whether you wanted to or 

20    not, we all had a lesson of Black history told by 

21    Black people.

22                 And so as someone that is an 

23    African-American -- and I grew up with 

24    James Brown:  Say it loud, I'm Black and I'm 

25    proud!  That's what it's about.  And so when 


                                                               556

 1    James Brown said that going back then, so many 

 2    Black people were saying:  "Say it loud, I'm 

 3    Black and I'm proud!"  And that's good, because 

 4    we are proud of who we are.  And we struggle 

 5    every single day like everybody else in order to 

 6    try to, you know, live the life of healthiness 

 7    and, you know, raising our children and getting a 

 8    good education.  

 9                 Someone mentioned about the 

10    Foundation Aid.  Well, many of you know I was the 

11    lead plaintiff in that lawsuit.  I walked 

12    150 miles twice in order to prove a point, that 

13    everyone is entitled to a sound, basic education.  

14    It doesn't matter who you are, whether you're 

15    Black or white or Hispanic, Asian, whether you're 

16    rich or you're poor, everyone deserves a good 

17    education.  And that's what we fight for today.

18                 And so we had a lesson today.  And I 

19    thank Andrea Stewart-Cousins, our Majority 

20    Leader -- as was said earlier, the first 

21    African-American to lead this Senate chamber, and 

22    a woman too.

23                 So there's lessons to be learned 

24    every single day.  All we have to do is open up 

25    our eyes, see it, hear it, and speak it.  


                                                               557

 1                 God bless you all.  Asalamu Alaikum 

 2    to everyone.  And say it loud, I'm Black and I'm 

 3    proud!  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 5    you, Senator Jackson.

 6                 The question is on the resolution.  

 7    All in favor signify by saying aye.

 8                 (Response of "Aye.")

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Opposed, 

10    nay.

11                 (No response.)

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

13    resolution is adopted.  

14                 Senator Gianaris.  

15                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Thank you, 

16    Mr. President.

17                 Thank you again to all my colleagues 

18    who spoke so powerfully today on that resolution.

19                 Let us move on to previously adopted 

20    Resolution 255, by Senator Weber, read that 

21    resolution's title and recognize Senator Weber.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

23    Secretary will read.

24                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 255, by 

25    Senator Weber, commending Brandon Gruttemeyer 


                                                               558

 1    upon the occasion of his designation as recipient 

 2    of a Liberty Medal, the highest honor bestowed 

 3    upon an individual by the New York State Senate.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 5    Weber.

 6                 SENATOR WEBER:   Thank you, 

 7    Mr. President.  

 8                 It's my honor to rise to acknowledge 

 9    an extraordinary young man who joins us here in 

10    the gallery today, accompanied by his parents and 

11    grandparents, grandmother.  I want to thank you 

12    also for your patience; it's been a very long 

13    session so far.  

14                 But Brandon Gruttemeyer lives in 

15    Congers, New York, in Rockland County.  He is 

16    currently a sophomore at Siena College and works 

17    a summer job as a sailing coach at the Lake 

18    George Club.  

19                 Throughout his childhood he spent 

20    nearly every spring and fall weekend, and almost 

21    every summer day in between, sailing with his 

22    family in Lake George.  

23                 On Thursday, August 1st of last 

24    year, around 12:30 a.m., Brandon was sound asleep 

25    after a long day at work at the Lake George Club.  


                                                               559

 1    He awoke to the screams of his coworker, who 

 2    barged into his room, hysterical and pleading for 

 3    help.  In a daze, Brandon grabbed a flashlight 

 4    and ran into the darkness towards the water.  

 5    When Brandon got to the lake, he shined his 

 6    flashlight across the water and spotted a 

 7    lifeless body 10 to 12 feet down.  

 8                 A coworker named James, who was 

 9    working the night shift, decided to take a dip 

10    and cool off with friends.  James, who stood at 

11    six-foot-five, and over 250 pounds, was not a 

12    strong swimmer.  When he began to struggle, his 

13    friends made several attempts to get him to 

14    safety, all for naught.  

15                 When these attempts failed, they ran 

16    for help to get Brandon, who was only six foot 

17    and 140 pounds, and he dove right in and was able 

18    to get the much larger, now waterlogged coworker 

19    to the deck.  

20                 James had turned blue and had no 

21    pulse.  It was believed he had spent about 

22    six minutes at the bottom of the lake.  Brandon 

23    and his friend Eric took turns performing CPR and 

24    doing chest compressions.  After about 

25    two minutes, they got him to cough up the water, 


                                                               560

 1    but he remained unconscious.  James was barely 

 2    alive when paramedics rushed him away, but he was 

 3    still alive.  

 4                 He spent over a week in a coma, and 

 5    his prognosis was grim, but he did wake up.  He 

 6    stunned doctors a month later when he was taken 

 7    off a heart-lung machine.  Still, a full recovery 

 8    was thought to be unlikely.  But that's exactly 

 9    what happened.  

10                 The decision to transfer James to 

11    Albany Medical Center, right here, and get him on 

12    the state-of-the-art equipment, was a factor in 

13    his recovery.  But if it were not for the heroic 

14    actions of Eric VanAuken and Brandon Gruttemeyer, 

15    James would not have survived.  

16                 The Liberty Medal is a symbol of 

17    courage given to a few New Yorkers who 

18    demonstrate acts of -- heroic or humanitarian 

19    acts for others, and it is the highest honor 

20    given to an individual by the New York State 

21    Senate.

22                 Brandon's quick thinking in the face 

23    of crisis not only demonstrates his 

24    resourcefulness, but also his courage during 

25    those critical moments on the docks.  His bravery 


                                                               561

 1    and perseverance serve as a strong representation 

 2    of how we should all strive to act.

 3                 I'm proud to call him a constituent, 

 4    and it is with great honor that I present the 

 5    New York State Senate resolution and 

 6    Liberty Medal to Brandon Gruttemeyer.  

 7                 And Mr. Speaker, please extend 

 8    Brandon and his family with all of the courtesies 

 9    of this great body.  Thank you.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

11    you, Senator Weber.

12                 To our guests, I welcome you on 

13    behalf of the Senate.  We extend to you the 

14    privileges and courtesies of this house.  

15                 Please rise and be recognized.

16                 (Standing ovation.)

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

18    resolution was adopted on January 28th.

19                 Senator Gianaris.

20                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   The resolutions 

21    we took up today are open for cosponsorship.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

23    resolutions are open for cosponsorship.  Should 

24    you choose not to be a cosponsor on the 

25    resolutions, please notify the desk.


                                                               562

 1                 Senator Gianaris.

 2                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please take up 

 3    the calendar.  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 5    Secretary will read.

 6                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 43, 

 7    Assembly Bill 926, by Assemblymember McDonald, an 

 8    act to amend a chapter of the Laws of 2024.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

10    last section.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

12    act shall take effect immediately.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

14    roll.

15                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

17    the results.

18                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 62.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

20    is passed.

21                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 45, 

22    Assembly Bill 425, by Assemblymember Otis, an act 

23    to amend the Insurance Law.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

25    last section.


                                                               563

 1                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

 2    act shall take effect on the same date and in the 

 3    same manner as a chapter of the Laws of 2024.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

 5    roll.

 6                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

 8    the results.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

10    Calendar 45, voting in the negative:  

11    Senator Walczyk.

12                 Ayes, 61.  Nays, 1.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

14    is passed.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 46, 

16    Assembly Bill 924, by Assemblymember Paulin, an 

17    act to amend a chapter of the Laws of 2024.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

19    last section.

20                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

21    act shall take effect immediately.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

23    roll.

24                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 


                                                               564

 1    the results.  

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 62.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

 4    is passed.

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 50, 

 6    Assembly Bill 1476, by Assemblymember Pretlow, an 

 7    act to amend the Public Health Law.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

 9    last section.  

10                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

11    act shall take effect immediately.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

13    roll.

14                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

16    the results.  

17                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

18    Calendar 50, voting in the negative:  

19    Senator Walczyk.  

20                 Ayes, 61.  Nays, 1.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

22    is passed.

23                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 59, 

24    Assembly Bill 920, by Assemblymember Lavine, an 

25    act to amend the Penal Law.


                                                               565

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

 2    last section.

 3                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 9.  This 

 4    act shall take effect on the same date and in the 

 5    same manner as a chapter of the Laws of 2024.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

 7    roll.

 8                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

10    the results.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 62.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

13    is passed.

14                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 64, 

15    Assembly Bill 2058, by Assemblymember Cunningham, 

16    an act to amend the Veterans' Services Law.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

18    last section.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

20    act shall take effect immediately.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

22    roll.

23                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

25    the results.


                                                               566

 1                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 62.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

 3    is passed.

 4                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 65, 

 5    Assembly Bill 2435, by Assemblymember Cruz, an 

 6    act to amend the Veterans' Services Law.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

 8    last section.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

10    act shall take effect on the same date and in the 

11    same manner as a chapter of the Laws of 2024.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

13    roll.

14                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

16    the results.

17                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

18    Calendar 65, voting in the negative:  

19    Senator Walczyk.  

20                 Ayes, 61.  Nays, 1.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

22    is passed.

23                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 70, 

24    Assembly Bill 1099, by Assemblymember McDonald, 

25    an act to amend the Elder Law.


                                                               567

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

 2    last section.

 3                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

 4    act shall take effect on the same date and in the 

 5    same manner as a Chapter of the Laws of 2024.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

 7    roll.

 8                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

10    the results.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 62.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

13    is passed.

14                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 73, 

15    Senate Print 799, by Senator Mayer, an act to 

16    amend the Election Law.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

18    last section.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

20    act shall take effect on the same date and in the 

21    same manner as a chapter of the Laws of 2024.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

23    roll.

24                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 


                                                               568

 1    the results.

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

 3    Calendar 73, those Senators voting in the 

 4    negative are Senators Ashby, Borrello, 

 5    Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick, Chan, Griffo, Helming, 

 6    Lanza, Mattera, Murray, Oberacker, Ortt, Rhoads, 

 7    Scarcella-Spanton, Tedisco, Walczyk, Weber and 

 8    Weik.

 9                 Ayes, 45.  Nays, 17.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

11    is passed.

12                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 74, 

13    Assembly Bill 1016, by Assemblymember McDonald, 

14    an act to amend the Public Health Law.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

16    last section.

17                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 3.  This 

18    act shall take effect on the same date and in the 

19    same manner as a chapter of the Laws of 2024.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

21    roll.

22                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

24    the results.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 62.


                                                               569

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

 2    is passed.

 3                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 76, 

 4    Assembly Bill 1025, by Assemblymember Solages, an 

 5    act to amend the Public Health Law.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

 7    last section.

 8                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

 9    act shall take effect immediately.  

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

11    roll.

12                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

14    the results.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 62.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

17    is passed.

18                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 82, 

19    Assembly Bill 2432, by Assemblymember Bronson, an 

20    act to amend the Labor Law.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

22    last section.  

23                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

24    act shall take effect immediately.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 


                                                               570

 1    roll.  

 2                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

 4    the results.

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

 6    Calendar 82, those Senators voting in the 

 7    negative are Senators Chan, Gallivan, Helming, 

 8    Stec, Tedisco, Walczyk, Weber and Weik.

 9                 Ayes, 54.  Nays, 8.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

11    is passed.

12                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 83, 

13    Assembly Bill 1026, by Assemblymember Solages, an 

14    act to amend the Public Health Law.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

16    last section.

17                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

18    act shall take effect on the same date and in the 

19    same manner as a chapter of the Laws of 2024.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

21    roll.

22                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

24    the results.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 62.


                                                               571

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

 2    is passed.

 3                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 86, 

 4    Assembly Bill 421, by Assemblymember Anderson, an 

 5    act to amend the Banking Law.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

 7    last section.  

 8                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 3.  This 

 9    act shall take effect on the same date and in the 

10    same manner as a chapter of the Laws of 2024.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

12    roll.

13                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

15    the results.

16                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

17    Calendar 86, those Senators voting in the 

18    negative are Senators Ashby, Borrello, Chan, 

19    Gallivan, Griffo, Helming, Lanza, Mattera, 

20    Palumbo, Rhoads, Stec, Tedisco, Walczyk, Weber 

21    and Weik.

22                 Ayes, 47.  Nays, 15.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

24    is passed.

25                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 


                                                               572

 1    reading of today's calendar.

 2                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Is there any 

 3    further business at the desk?  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   There is 

 5    no further business at the desk.

 6                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I move to 

 7    adjourn until Monday, February 10th, at 

 8    3:00 p.m., with the intervening days being 

 9    legislative days.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   On 

11    motion, the Senate stands adjourned until Monday, 

12    February 10th, at 3:00 p.m., with intervening 

13    days being legislative days.

14                 (Whereupon, at 2:20 p.m., the Senate 

15    adjourned.)

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