S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   3473
 
                        2021-2022 Regular Sessions
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                             January 26, 2021
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  M. of A. FAHY -- read once and referred to the Committee
   on Transportation
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law, the administrative code  of
   the city of New York, the education law, the general business law, the
   insurance law, the military law, the penal law, the public authorities
   law, the public officers law, the state finance law, and the transpor-
   tation  law,  in relation to replacing each instance of the word acci-
   dent with the word crash; and to change the word accident to crash  in
   the vehicle and traffic law
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. Section 105-a of the vehicle and traffic law, as  added  by
 chapter 303 of the laws of 2014, is amended to read as follows:
   §  105-a.  Car carrier. A truck that is designed to carry one to three
 motor vehicles on a flat platform that slides or tilts to the ground  to
 facilitate  loading  and  unloading of such motor vehicles and to tow an
 additional motor vehicle behind it by the use of a wheel lift.  For  the
 purposes  of  this  chapter, whenever such car carrier tows or carries a
 disabled, illegally parked or abandoned motor vehicle or a motor vehicle
 involved in [an accident] A CRASH, such car carrier shall be  deemed  to
 be a tow truck and shall comply with all provisions of this chapter, and
 any  other law, ordinance, order, rule and regulation, applicable to tow
 trucks.
   § 2. Section 107-b of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter
 552 of the laws of 1994, is amended to read as follows:
   § 107-b. Commercial towing. The moving or removing of disabled,  ille-
 gally  parked, or abandoned motor vehicles or motor vehicles involved in
 [accidents] CRASHES, by another motor vehicle, for which there is direct
 or indirect compensation. Commercial towing shall also include towing by
 a person, firm, corporation, or other entity pursuant to a  contract  or
 other agreement with a political subdivision.
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
              

                                                            LBD07104-01-1

 A. 3473                             2
 
   § 3. Section 114-b of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chap-
 ter 460 of the laws of 1996, is amended to read as follows:
   § 114-b. Emergency operation. The operation, or parking, of an author-
 ized  emergency  vehicle, when such vehicle is engaged in transporting a
 sick or injured person,  transporting  prisoners,  delivering  blood  or
 blood  products in a situation involving an imminent health risk, pursu-
 ing an actual or suspected violator of the law,  or  responding  to,  or
 working  or  assisting  at the scene of [an accident] A CRASH, disaster,
 police call, alarm of fire, actual or  potential  release  of  hazardous
 materials  or  other  emergency.   Emergency operation shall not include
 returning from such service.
   § 4. Section 148-b of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter
 552 of the laws of 1994, is amended to read as follows:
   § 148-b. Tow truck. A motor vehicle that tows or carries  a  disabled,
 illegally  parked or abandoned motor vehicle or a motor vehicle involved
 in [an accident] A CRASH.
   § 5. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph (i) of subdivision 1 of section 201
 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2  of  part  E  of
 chapter 60 of the laws of 2005, is amended to read as follows:
   (i)   any  [accident]  CRASH  reports  filed  with  the  commissioner,
 conviction certificates, police reports, complaints, satisfied  judgment
 records, closed suspension and revocation orders, hearing records, other
 than  audio  tape  recordings  of  hearings,  significant correspondence
 relating to any of the same, and any other record on file after  remain-
 ing  on  file  for  four  years  except  that  if the commissioner shall
 receive, during the last year of such  period  of  four  years,  written
 notice to retain one or more of such papers or documents, the same shall
 be  retained  for  another four years in addition to said period of four
 years. The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to  certificates
 of  conviction filed with respect to convictions which affect sentencing
 or administrative action required by law beyond such four  year  period.
 Such  certificates  may  be destroyed after they have no legal effect on
 sentencing or administrative action;
   § 6. Subdivision 6 of section 201 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
 amended  by  chapter  432  of  the  laws  of 1997, is amended to read as
 follows:
   6. Whenever any document  referred  to  in  subdivision  one  of  this
 section  is  filed  with  this  department when it is not required to be
 filed and is used by this department for no other purposes,  other  than
 for  statistics  or research, the document shall not be a public record.
 Provided, however, that [an accident] A CRASH  report  filed  with  this
 department  when  it  is  not required to be filed shall not be a public
 record except as follows:  for use by the state or any political  subdi-
 vision  thereof  for  no  other  purposes  other  than for statistics or
 research relating to highway safety; for any lawful purpose by a  person
 to  whom  such  report  pertains  or named in such report, or his or her
 authorized representative; and, for use by any other person, or  his  or
 her  authorized representative, who has demonstrated to the satisfaction
 of the commissioner that such person is or may be a  party  to  a  civil
 action  arising  out  of  the conduct described in such [accident] CRASH
 report.
   § 7. Subdivision 3 of section 202 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
 amended  by  chapter  169  of  the  laws  of 1994, is amended to read as
 follows:
   3. Fees for copies of documents. The fees  for  copies  of  documents,
 other  than  [accident]  CRASH  reports, shall be one dollar per page. A

 A. 3473                             3

 page shall consist of either a single or double side  of  any  document.
 The  fee  for  a  copy  of [an accident] A CRASH report shall be fifteen
 dollars. All copies of documents shall be  certified  at  no  additional
 fee.  Whenever  search  of  records  of  the  department  is required in
 conjunction with a request for a copy of a document, the  fee  for  such
 search  shall be the fee provided in paragraph (a) of subdivision two of
 this section. The result of such search will  be  the  locating  of  the
 document to be copied, or if no document can be located, a certification
 to that effect will be the result of the search.
   §  8.  Subdivision 1 of section 220 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 574 of the laws of 1969, is amended to read as follows:
   (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or other  law,
 whether  general,  special  or  local,  the  commissioner may permit the
 installation and  use  of  any  item  of  equipment  which  he,  in  his
 discretion,  determines will either reduce [accidents] CRASHES, injuries
 and fatalities, or otherwise contribute to highway safety.
   § 9. Paragraph a of subdivision 4 of section 250 of  the  vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as amended by chapter 305 of the laws of 1995, is amended
 to read as follows:
   a. The provisions of this chapter  relative  to  the  registration  of
 motor vehicles, motorcycles and trailers and the display of registration
 numbers  shall not apply to a motor vehicle, motorcycle or trailer owned
 by a non-resident of the state who is a seasonal  farm  laborer,  for  a
 period  extending from the first day of April to and including the thir-
 tieth day of November in each year,  provided  that  the  owner  thereof
 shall  have complied with the provisions of the law of the foreign coun-
 try, state, territory or federal district of his residence  relative  to
 registration  of  such motor vehicle, motorcycle or trailer, as the case
 may be, and the display of registration numbers  thereof,  and  provided
 further  that  the owner thereof shall furnish proof to the commissioner
 that such owner has in effect with respect  to  such  motor  vehicle  an
 automobile liability policy issued by an insurance company authorized to
 do  business  in  this state or by an unauthorized insurer authorized to
 transact business in the jurisdiction of his residence in at  least  the
 amount  of  twenty-five  thousand dollars because of bodily injury to or
 fifty thousand dollars because of death of one person in any one  [acci-
 dent]  CRASH  and, subject to said limit for one person, in at least the
 amount of fifty thousand dollars because of  bodily  injury  to  or  one
 hundred  thousand dollars because of death of two or more persons in any
 [accident] CRASH, and in at least the amount  of  ten  thousand  dollars
 because  of  injury  to  or destruction of property of others in any one
 [accident] CRASH.
   § 10. Subdivision 1 of section 253 of the vehicle and traffic law,  as
 amended  by  chapter  216  of  the  laws  of 1992, is amended to read as
 follows:
   1. The use or operation by a non-resident of a vehicle in this  state,
 or  the use or operation in this state of a vehicle in the business of a
 non-resident, or the use or operation in this state of a  vehicle  owned
 by a non-resident if so used or operated with his permission, express or
 implied,  shall be deemed equivalent to an appointment by such non-resi-
 dent of the secretary of state to be his true and lawful  attorney  upon
 whom may be served the summons in any action against him, growing out of
 any  [accident]  CRASH  or  collision  in which such non-resident may be
 involved while using or operating such vehicle in this state or in which
 such vehicle may be involved while being used or operated in this  state
 in  the business of such non-resident or with the permission, express or

 A. 3473                             4
 
 implied, of such non-resident owner; and such use or operation shall  be
 deemed  a  signification  of his agreement that any such summons against
 him which is so served shall be of the same legal force and validity  as
 if  served on him personally within the state and within the territorial
 jurisdiction of the court from which the summons issues, and  that  such
 appointment  of  the secretary of state shall be irrevocable and binding
 upon his executor or administrator. Where  such  non-resident  has  died
 prior to the commencement of an action brought pursuant to this section,
 service  of  process  shall  be made on the executor or administrator of
 such non-resident in the same manner  and  on  the  same  notice  as  is
 provided  in  the  case of the non-resident himself. Where an action has
 been duly commenced under the provisions of this section against a  non-
 resident  who  dies  thereafter,  the  court must allow the action to be
 continued against his executor or administrator upon  motion  with  such
 notice as the court deems proper.
   §  11. Section 254 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chap-
 ter 418 of the laws of 1964, is amended to read as follows:
   § 254. Service of summons on residents who depart from  state  and  on
 residents'  executors  or  administrators  who  are  nonresidents or who
 depart from state.  The provisions of section two hundred fifty-three of
 this chapter shall also apply (a) to a resident  who  departs  from  the
 state subsequent to the [accident] CRASH or collision and remains absent
 therefrom for thirty days continuously, whether such absence is intended
 to  be  temporary  or permanent, and to any executor or administrator of
 such resident, and (b) to an executor or administrator of a resident  if
 such executor or administrator is a nonresident or if, being a resident,
 he  departs  from the state and remains absent therefrom for thirty days
 continuously, whether such absence is intended to be temporary or perma-
 nent.
   § 12. Section 301-a of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by  chap-
 ter 634 of the laws of 1973, and subdivision 1 as amended by chapter 608
 of the laws of 1993, is amended to read as follows:
   § 301-a. Re-inspection  of  motor  vehicles involved in certain [acci-
 dents] CRASHES.  1. The commissioner may require that  a  motor  vehicle
 registered in this state or elsewhere which is required to be inspected,
 be  re-inspected  after  it  is involved in a property damage [accident]
 CRASH which is required to be reported to the motor vehicle  department.
 Such  re-inspection  shall  be made within sixty days of the date of the
 [accident] CRASH if the motor vehicle is driven away from the [accident]
 CRASH site. Such re-inspection shall be made before the vehicle is oper-
 ated on the public highways if the motor vehicle is towed or transported
 from the [accident] CRASH site, except that a motor vehicle may be driv-
 en from a repair shop to an inspection station for the purpose of  being
 re-inspected.
   2.  The  owner  of a car so damaged shall be required to submit to the
 department within the same time limit as provided in subdivision one  of
 this  section  satisfactory proof of re-inspection pursuant to rules and
 regulations to be promulgated by the commissioner.
   3. Failure to submit such proof of re-inspection  as  herein  provided
 shall  constitute  ground for suspension or revocation of his privileges
 of operating a motor vehicle in this state and of the  operation  within
 this state of any motor vehicle owned by him.
   §  13.  Subdivision 2 of section 310 of the vehicle and traffic law is
 amended to read as follows:
   (2) Declaration of purpose. The  legislature  is  concerned  over  the
 rising  toll  of motor vehicle [accidents] CRASHES and the suffering and

 A. 3473                             5
 
 loss thereby inflicted. The legislature determines that it is  a  matter
 of  grave concern that motorists shall be financially able to respond in
 damages for their negligent acts, so  that  innocent  victims  of  motor
 vehicle [accidents] CRASHES may be recompensed for the injury and finan-
 cial  loss inflicted upon them.  The legislature finds and declares that
 the public interest can best  be  served  in  satisfying  the  insurance
 requirements  of  this  article  by  private  enterprise  operating in a
 competitive market to provide proof of financial  security  through  the
 methods prescribed herein.
   § 14. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 4 of section 311 of the vehicle and
 traffic  law,  as amended by chapter 305 of the laws of 1995, is amended
 to read as follows:
   (a) Affording coverage as defined in the minimum provisions prescribed
 in a regulation which shall be  promulgated  by  the  superintendent  at
 least  ninety  days prior to effective date of this act. The superinten-
 dent before promulgating such  regulations  or  any  amendment  thereof,
 shall  consult  with all insurers licensed to write automobile liability
 insurance in this state and shall not prescribe minimum provisions which
 fail to reflect the provisions of automobile liability  insurance  poli-
 cies,  other than motor vehicle liability policies as defined in section
 three hundred forty-five of this chapter, issued within  this  state  at
 the  date of such regulation or amendment thereof.  Nothing contained in
 such regulation or in this  article  shall  prohibit  any  insurer  from
 affording  coverage  under an owner's policy of liability insurance more
 liberal than that required by  said  minimum  provisions.    Every  such
 owner's policy of liability insurance shall provide insurance subject to
 said  regulation  against  loss  from  the  liability imposed by law for
 damages, including damages for care and loss  of  services,  because  of
 bodily  injury to or death of any person and injury to or destruction of
 property arising out of the ownership, maintenance, use, or operation of
 a specific motor vehicle or motor vehicles within the state of New York,
 or elsewhere in the United States in North America or  the  Dominion  of
 Canada,  subject  to  a  limit,  exclusive  of  interest and costs, with
 respect to each such motor vehicle except a tow  truck,  of  twenty-five
 thousand  dollars  because  of  bodily  injuries  to  and fifty thousand
 dollars because of death of one person in any one [accident] CRASH  and,
 subject  to  said  limit  for  one  person, to a limit of fifty thousand
 dollars because of bodily injury to and  one  hundred  thousand  dollars
 because of death of two or more persons in any one [accident] CRASH, and
 to  a  limit of ten thousand dollars because of injury to or destruction
 of property of others in any one  [accident]  CRASH  provided,  however,
 that such policy need not be for a period coterminous with the registra-
 tion period of the vehicle insured. The limit, exclusive of interest and
 costs,  with  respect to a tow truck shall be a combined single limit of
 at least three hundred thousand dollars  because  of  bodily  injury  or
 death  to  one  or  more  persons or because of injury or destruction of
 property of others in any one [accident] CRASH, and to a limit of  twen-
 ty-five  thousand  dollars  because  of damage to a vehicle in the care,
 custody and control of the insured. Any insurer authorized to  issue  an
 owner's  policy  of  liability insurance as provided for in this article
 may, pending the issue of such a policy, make an agreement, to be  known
 as  a binder, or may, in lieu of such a policy, issue a renewal endorse-
 ment or evidence of renewal of an existing policy; each of  which  shall
 be  construed  to  provide indemnity or protection in like manner and to
 the same extent as such a policy. The provisions of this  article  shall
 apply  to  such  binders,  renewal endorsements or evidences of renewal.

 A. 3473                             6
 
 Every such policy issued insuring private passenger vehicles  and  every
 renewal policy, renewal endorsement, or other evidence of renewal issued
 shall  have  attached  thereto  a  rating information form which clearly
 specifies  and  defines  the  rating  classification  assigned  thereto,
 including any applicable merit rating plan; and
   § 15. Subdivision 1 of section 315 of the vehicle and traffic  law  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The commissioner, upon the surrender of the registration and number
 plates for a motor vehicle for which a financial security bond or depos-
 it  was  accepted  by the commissioner, shall permit the cancellation of
 any such bond or shall direct that any such deposit be returned  by  the
 commissioner of taxation and finance. The commissioner shall not release
 such  bond or deposit in the event any action for damages upon a liabil-
 ity referred to in this article is then pending or any judgment upon any
 such liability then outstanding and unsatisfied, or  in  the  event  the
 commissioner  has received notice that such person has within the period
 of three months immediately preceding been involved as a driver  in  any
 motor  vehicle  [accident] CRASH.  An affidavit of the applicant of non-
 existence of such facts shall be  sufficient  evidence  thereof  in  the
 absence of evidence to the contrary in the records of the bureau.
   §  16.  Section 316 of the vehicle and traffic law, the third undesig-
 nated paragraph as amended by chapter 511 of the laws of 1999,  and  the
 fourth  undesignated  paragraph  as  added by chapter 316 of the laws of
 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   § 316. Self-insurers. The commissioner, in his  discretion,  may  upon
 the  application of a person having registered in his name in this state
 more than twenty-five motor vehicles, issue a certificate of  self-insu-
 rance  when he is reasonably satisfied that such person is possessed and
 will continue to be possessed of financial ability to respond  to  judg-
 ments  obtained against such person, arising out of the ownership, main-
 tenance, use or operation of any such person's motor vehicles. Upon  due
 notice  and  hearing,  the  commissioner may, in his discretion and upon
 reasonable grounds, cancel a certificate of self-insurance.
   As a condition to the issuance of a certificate of self-insurance, the
 registrant shall pay annually in addition to any other fee prescribed by
 this chapter, a fee of one dollar and fifty cents for each motor vehicle
 registered in his name and the aggregate amount of such  fees  shall  be
 applied  in reduction of the assessment levied pursuant to section three
 hundred seventeen OF THIS ARTICLE.
   As a further condition to the issuance of a certificate of  self-insu-
 rance,  the  registrant  shall pay annually in addition to any other fee
 prescribed by this chapter, an amount per vehicle to  be  determined  by
 the  Motor Vehicle [Accident] CRASH Indemnification Corporation pursuant
 to section five thousand two hundred seven of the insurance law for each
 motor vehicle registered in his name and the aggregate  amount  of  such
 fees  shall  be  transmitted  by  the  commissioner to the Motor Vehicle
 [Accident]  CRASH  Indemnification  Corporation  continued  pursuant  to
 section  five  thousand  two  hundred  three  of the insurance law to be
 applied in reduction of assessments levied by said corporation  pursuant
 to section five thousand two hundred seven of the insurance law.
   Notwithstanding  the provisions of any other section, for the purposes
 of this section, the term "motor vehicle" shall include "snowmobiles" as
 defined by subdivision [six of § 8-0105 of the conservation law] ONE  OF
 SECTION TWENTY-TWO HUNDRED TWENTY-ONE OF THIS CHAPTER.

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   §  17. Subdivision 9 of section 318 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by chapter 1025 of the laws of  1971,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   9.  (a) If a motor vehicle has been involved in [an accident] A CRASH,
 and its registration or the driver's license of its operator,  or  both,
 have  been  revoked  pursuant to this section, then neither such vehicle
 nor any other motor vehicle shall be registered or reregistered  in  the
 name  of  its  owner  or of any other person legally responsible for its
 use, nor shall any driver's license be issued to such owner,  person  or
 operator  until  one  year  has passed since the date of such revocation
 and, as the case may be, the commissioner has received the payments  and
 evidence required by paragraph (c) [below] OF THIS SUBDIVISION.
   (b) If a motor vehicle not registered in this state is involved in [an
 accident] A CRASH in this state and the privilege of its operation with-
 in  this  state  has  been  revoked,  then neither its owner, any person
 legally responsible for its use nor  its  operator  shall  exercise  the
 privilege  of  the  operation  of  such vehicle within this state or the
 privilege of operation within this state of any motor vehicle, until one
 year has passed since the date of revocation and, as the  case  may  be,
 the  commissioner  has received the payments and evidence as required in
 PARAGRAPH (c) [below] OF THIS SUBDIVISION.
   (c) The payments and evidence referred to in paragraphs  (a)  and  (b)
 [above]  OF  THIS  SUBDIVISION  shall  be  evidence, satisfactory to the
 commissioner,
   (1) That no cause of action based upon such [accident]  CRASH  against
 such  owner,  person  legally responsible or operator has been commenced
 within a period of one year from the date of the [accident] CRASH  or  a
 release thereof has been given to such owner, person or operator, or
   (2)  That  no judgment arising out of such cause of action for amounts
 within the limits stated in paragraph (a) of subdivision four of section
 three hundred eleven OF THIS ARTICLE against such owner, person or oper-
 ator remains unsatisfied, except that such  registration  and  licensing
 privileges  may be restored on compliance with the procedures permitting
 the payment of a judgment in  installments  provided  in  section  three
 hundred thirty-four OF THIS TITLE, and
   (3)  That  all  civil  penalties required to be paid to the department
 pursuant to the provisions of subdivision five of section three  hundred
 nineteen of this [chapter] ARTICLE have been paid.
   §  18.  Paragraph  (a) of subdivision 11 of section 318 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by chapter 735  of  the  laws  of  1970,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   (a) Where the license or privileges of any person, or the registration
 of a motor vehicle registered in his name, has been suspended or revoked
 under  THIS  article [six of this chapter], and the motor vehicle [acci-
 dent] CRASH indemnification corporation  or  an  insurer  has  paid  any
 amount  towards  satisfaction  of a judgment against such person, or has
 obtained a judgment against such person as a result of payments made  to
 third   parties  such  license,  privileges  or  registration  shall  be
 suspended, or the suspension or revocation thereof shall  be  continued,
 as provided in this subdivision.
   §  19.  Paragraphs (a) and (c) of subdivision 12 of section 318 of the
 vehicle and traffic law, paragraph (a) as amended by chapter 843 of  the
 laws of 1980, and paragraph (c) as amended by chapter 805 of the laws of
 1984, are amended to read as follows:
   (a) If the owner or operator of a motor vehicle in any manner involved
 in  [an  accident] A CRASH occurring in this state resulting in death or

 A. 3473                             8
 
 bodily injuries to any person fails to produce satisfactory evidence  as
 proof  of  financial  security within forty-eight hours after the [acci-
 dent] CRASH, the motor vehicle shall be subject to impoundment  and  any
 peace  officer,  acting  pursuant  to  his special duties, or any police
 officer is authorized to impound and store such motor vehicle.  If  said
 motor  vehicle  is  subject  to impoundment and is not so impounded, the
 owner or his representative shall cause said motor vehicle to be  stored
 in  a  public  garage  or storage place in this state as selected by the
 owner or representative and shall continue such storage for  the  period
 of  time  provided  in  this  section.  The aforementioned storage shall
 constitute "impoundment" within the meaning of this section. The cost of
 storage of any such impounded motor vehicle shall be borne by the owner.
 So long as the impoundment is  in  force  no  person  shall  remove  the
 impounded  vehicle or permit it to be removed from its place of impound-
 ment except upon the order of the commissioner.
   (c) The impoundment shall continue until (1) there is a final disposi-
 tion of the claim for death or bodily injury of  the  person,  resulting
 from  the  [accident] CRASH in which said motor vehicle was involved, by
 payment of a judgment or settlement by the owner, or by a final judgment
 in his favor, or (2) one year has elapsed since the date of  the  [acci-
 dent]  CRASH  and no filing has been made pursuant to section five thou-
 sand two hundred eight of the insurance law, or (3)  a  release  of  the
 motor vehicle upon order of the commissioner. The commissioner may order
 the  release  of said motor vehicle upon the depositing with the commis-
 sioner of taxation and finance of security or a bond in  such  form  and
 amount  as may be approved by the commissioner. If said motor vehicle is
 not released from impoundment after the lapse of one year,  the  commis-
 sioner  may dispose of it by public sale and remit the proceeds from the
 sale to the commissioner of taxation and finance to be held pending  the
 final disposition of the claim.
   § 20. Subdivision (d) of section 332 of the vehicle and traffic law is
 amended to read as follows:
   (d)  Any  person whose license, registration or non-resident's driving
 privilege is subject to suspension hereunder, may be relieved  from  the
 effect  of  failure  to satisfy such judgment, if such person files with
 the commissioner proper evidence that a  bond  or  insurance  policy  as
 provided  for in this article was in force and effect at the time of the
 [accident] CRASH resulting in the judgment, and was  available  for  the
 satisfaction of the judgment to the extent provided for in section three
 hundred  thirty-three  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  and  that such judgment was so
 satisfied.
   § 21. Section 333 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by  chap-
 ter 305 of the laws of 1995, is amended to read as follows:
   § 333. Payments  sufficient  to  satisfy requirements of this article.
 Every judgment herein referred to shall for the purpose of this  article
 only be deemed satisfied: (a) When twenty-five thousand dollars has been
 credited  upon  any  judgment  or  judgments  rendered in excess of that
 amount because of bodily injury to or when fifty  thousand  dollars  has
 been  credited upon any judgment or judgments rendered in excess of that
 amount because of death of one person as the result of  any  one  [acci-
 dent] CRASH; or
   (b) When subject to such limit of twenty-five thousand dollars because
 of  bodily  injury  to or fifty thousand dollars because of death of one
 person, the sum of fifty thousand dollars has  been  credited  upon  any
 judgment or judgments rendered in excess of that amount because of bodi-
 ly injury to or when one hundred thousand dollars has been credited upon

 A. 3473                             9
 
 any  judgment  or judgments rendered in excess of that amount because of
 death of two or more persons as the result of any one [accident]  CRASH;
 or
   (c)  When  ten thousand dollars has been credited upon any judgment or
 judgments rendered in excess of that amount  because  of  injury  to  or
 destruction  of  property  of  others  as a result of any one [accident]
 CRASH.
   Payments made in settlement of any claims because  of  bodily  injury,
 death  or  property damage arising from a motor vehicle [accident] CRASH
 shall be credited in reduction of  the  amounts  provided  for  in  this
 section.
   §  22.  Section 335 of the vehicle and traffic law, subdivision (a) as
 amended by chapter 305 of the laws of 1995, and paragraph 1 of  subdivi-
 sion  (a)  as  further amended by section 104 of part A of chapter 62 of
 the laws of 2011, is amended to read as follows:
   § 335. Security and proof required following [accident] CRASH. (a) Not
 less than ten days nor more than sixty days after receipt by him of  the
 report  or  notice of [an accident] A CRASH which has resulted in bodily
 injury or death, or in damage to the  property  of  any  one  person  in
 excess of one thousand dollars, the commissioner shall forthwith suspend
 the  license  of any person operating, and the registration certificates
 and registration plates of any person owning, a  motor  vehicle  in  any
 manner  involved in such [accident] CRASH unless and until such operator
 (or chauffeur) or owner or both shall have previously furnished or imme-
 diately furnishes security sufficient in the judgment of the commission-
 er to satisfy any judgment or judgments for damages resulting from  such
 [accident]  CRASH as may be recovered against such owner or operator (or
 chauffeur) by or on behalf of any aggrieved person or his  legal  repre-
 sentative, and unless and until such owner or operator (or chauffeur) or
 both  shall  immediately furnish and thereafter maintain proof of finan-
 cial responsibility in the  future.  Where  erroneous  information  with
 respect to insurance coverage of the owner or operator (or chauffeur) of
 any  such vehicle is furnished to the commissioner, he shall take appro-
 priate action as above provided within sixty days after the  receipt  by
 him  of  correct information with respect to such coverage. This section
 shall not apply: (1) to such owner or operator (or  chauffeur)  if  such
 owner had in effect at the time of such [accident] CRASH with respect to
 such  motor vehicle a standard provisions automobile liability policy in
 form approved by the superintendent of financial services and issued  by
 an insurance company authorized to do business in this state or, if such
 motor  vehicle  was  not registered in this state or was a motor vehicle
 which was registered elsewhere than in this state at the effective  date
 of the policy, or the most recent renewal thereof, an automobile liabil-
 ity  policy  acceptable  to  the superintendent of financial services as
 substantially the equivalent  of  such  standard  provisions  automobile
 liability  policy; (2) to such operator (or chauffeur), if not the owner
 of such motor vehicle, if there was in effect at the time of such [acci-
 dent] CRASH such a policy with respect to his operation of  motor  vehi-
 cles  not owned by him or, if such motor vehicle was a private passenger
 motor vehicle, with respect to his operation of private passenger  motor
 vehicles  not  owned  by him or (3) to such owner or operator (or chauf-
 feur) if the liability of such owner  or  operator  (or  chauffeur)  for
 damages  resulting from such [accident] CRASH is, in the judgment of the
 commissioner, covered by any other form of  liability  insurance  policy
 issued  by  an insurance company authorized to do business in this state
 or by a bond, provided every such policy or  bond  mentioned  herein  is

 A. 3473                            10
 
 subject,  if  the  [accident]  CRASH has resulted in bodily injury, to a
 limit, exclusive of interest and costs, of twenty-five thousand  dollars
 or  death to a limit, exclusive of interest and costs, of fifty thousand
 dollars,  because  of bodily injury to or death of one person in any one
 [accident] CRASH and, subject to said limit for one person, to  a  limit
 of  fifty  thousand  dollars  because of bodily injury to or one hundred
 thousand dollars because of death of two or  more  persons  in  any  one
 [accident] CRASH, and, if the [accident] CRASH has resulted in injury to
 or  destruction  of property, to a limit of ten thousand dollars because
 of injury to or destruction of property of others in any one  [accident]
 CRASH  or (4) to such owner or operator if the commissioner shall deter-
 mine that the failure to have liability coverage as described above  was
 caused  solely  by  the negligence or malfeasance of a person other than
 the person whose license  or  registration  has  been  suspended  or  is
 subject to suspension, and that the person seeking to avoid such suspen-
 sion was not aware of the lack of such liability coverage. However, with
 respect  to  the  provisions  of (4) above, the burden of proof shall be
 upon the person  seeking  to  avoid  such  suspension  action.  Provided
 further,  that  such  facts shall be established by clear and convincing
 evidence, either by the submission of affidavits or at a hearing  called
 in the discretion of the commissioner.
   Upon receipt of notice of such [accident] CRASH, the insurance carrier
 or  surety  company  which  issued such policy or bond shall furnish for
 filing with the commissioner a written notice that such policy  or  bond
 was  in  effect at the time of such [accident] CRASH or shall notify the
 commissioner in such manner as he may require in  case  such  policy  or
 bond was not in effect at the time of such [accident] CRASH.
   In  case  any  such operator (or chauffeur) or owner has no license to
 operate issued under this chapter or no motor vehicle registered in  his
 name  in  this  state, he shall not be allowed a license or registration
 until he has complied with this article to the same extent as  would  be
 necessary  if  he  had  held  an operator's or chauffeur's license and a
 motor vehicle registration issued under this chapter at the time of  the
 [accident] CRASH.
   (b)  Such  security,  where ordered, shall be in such form and in such
 amount as the commissioner may require, but in no case in excess of  the
 amount  of  proof  required  by  section three hundred forty-one of this
 article. The commissioner may reduce the amount of security  ordered  in
 any  case  within six months after the date of the [accident] CRASH, if,
 in his judgment, the amount ordered is too large. In case  the  security
 originally  ordered  has  been  deposited, the excess deposited over the
 reduced amount ordered  shall  be  returned  to  the  depositor  or  his
 personal  representative  forthwith,  notwithstanding  the provisions of
 subdivision (c) of this section.
   (c) Security furnished in compliance with  the  requirements  of  this
 section  shall  be  placed  by  the  commissioner  in the custody of the
 commissioner of taxation and finance and shall be applicable only to the
 payment of a judgment against the depositor for damages arising  out  of
 the  [accident]  CRASH  in  question in an action at law begun not later
 than one year after the date of such [accident] CRASH or,  upon  assign-
 ment  of  the  depositor, made not later than one year after the date of
 such [accident] CRASH, to the settlement of a claim arising out of  such
 [accident]  CRASH,  or  upon assignment of the depositor, made after the
 expiration of one year after the date of such [accident] CRASH,  to  the
 settlement  of  an action at law begun not later than one year after the
 date of such [accident] CRASH. All of such  payments  made  out  of  the

 A. 3473                            11
 
 deposited  security  shall  be made as follows:   Payment shall first be
 made to each of the judgment creditors and to each of the claimants  who
 have  agreed to settle their claims, whose damages were evaluated by the
 commissioner,  in  an  amount not greater than the amount fixed in their
 respective  evaluations.  Whenever  the  commissioner  shall  be   given
 evidence,  satisfactory  to  him,  that  the  amounts  of all claims for
 damages against the depositor arising out of such [accident]  CRASH  are
 fixed, either by judgment or settlement agreement, payment shall be made
 out  of  any  balance  remaining after the first distribution to each of
 those persons whose judgments or settlement amounts have not been  fully
 paid but whose damages were evaluated by the commissioner, in proportion
 to  the  amounts  of their respective evaluations unless there is suffi-
 cient to make payment in full; and any balance remaining after the first
 and second distributions are completed shall be paid to  those  judgment
 creditors and those claimants who have agreed to settle their claims but
 whose  damages were not evaluated, in proportion to the amounts of their
 respective judgments or settlement amounts unless there is sufficient to
 make payment in full. Such deposit, or any  balance  thereof,  shall  be
 returned  to the depositor or his personal representative whenever after
 the expiration of such year, the commissioner shall be  given  evidence,
 satisfactory  to  him,  that there is no such action pending and no such
 judgment unsatisfied or whenever, before the expiration  of  such  year,
 the  commissioner  shall  be  given  evidence, satisfactory to him, that
 there is no such judgment unsatisfied and  that  there  is  no  existing
 cause  of  action  against the depositor for damages arising out of such
 [accident] CRASH.
   (c-1) After security, furnished in compliance with the requirements of
 this section, has remained on deposit for five years,  the  commissioner
 shall  make  a  determination  as to whether the deposit, or any balance
 thereof, is returnable to the depositor or the person entitled  thereto.
 In the event that such deposit, or any balance thereof, is determined to
 be  returnable,  but  remains  unclaimed  by the depositor or the person
 entitled thereto for a period of one year following  the  date  of  such
 determination,  such unclaimed deposit, or any balance thereof, shall be
 deemed abandoned property subject to the  provisions  of  the  abandoned
 property law.
   (d)  The provisions of subdivision (a) of this section shall not apply
 to the owner  of  a  motor  vehicle  operated  by  one  having  obtained
 possession  or  control thereof without the expressed or implied consent
 of such owner, to a police officer or member of the state police who  is
 compelled  to  assume  the  custody  and operation of a motor vehicle of
 another because such motor vehicle was (1) stolen from or  lost  by  the
 owner,  (2)  abandoned,  either by the owner or any other person with or
 without the owner's consent, (3) is being operated by a person  disabled
 so as not to be able to operate it properly, or (4) is being operated by
 an  intoxicated  person;  or  to either the owner or operator of a motor
 vehicle involved in an [accident] CRASH wherein no damage or injury  was
 caused to other than the person or property of such owner or operator.
   (e)  In  lieu  of  deposit  of  security when required pursuant to the
 provisions of this section the commissioner may accept a written  agree-
 ment,  executed and acknowledged by the person required to deposit secu-
 rity and any person who has sustained bodily injury, including death, or
 damage to his property, or his legal representative, providing  for  the
 payment  of an agreed amount in installments, with respect to the claims
 of such person for injuries or damages  resulting  from  the  [accident]
 CRASH.  In the event of default in payment of any installment under such

 A. 3473                            12
 
 agreement,  then  upon  notice  of  such  default the commissioner shall
 forthwith suspend the license and registration certificates  and  regis-
 tration  plates  of  the  person in default until release has been filed
 with  the commissioner indicating that the entire agreed amount has been
 paid. But in no case shall such agreement be used in lieu  of  proof  of
 maintenance  of financial responsibility in the future required pursuant
 to the provisions of this section.
   § 23. Section 337 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by  chap-
 ter 176 of the laws of 1990, is amended to read as follows:
   § 337. Suspension,  duration.  (a) The suspension required in sections
 three hundred thirty-two, three hundred thirty-four and SUBDIVISION  (E)
 OF  SECTION three hundred thirty-five [(e)] OF THIS ARTICLE shall remain
 in effect, the motor vehicle in any manner involved in  such  [accident]
 CRASH  shall  not  be registered in the name of the person whose license
 and/or registration certificate was so suspended, or in any  other  name
 where  the  commissioner  has  reasonable  grounds  to believe that such
 registration will have the effect of  defeating  the  purposes  of  this
 article,  and  no other motor vehicle shall be registered in the name of
 such person nor any new licenses issued to such person unless and  until
 such  judgment is satisfied or stayed or is discharged in bankruptcy and
 the judgment debtor gives  proof  of  financial  responsibility  in  the
 future as required pursuant to section three hundred thirty-five OF THIS
 ARTICLE  except under the conditions as stated in sections three hundred
 thirty-three and three hundred thirty-four OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (b) The suspension required in section three  hundred  thirty-five  OF
 THIS  ARTICLE  shall  remain  in effect, the motor vehicle in any manner
 involved in such [accident] CRASH shall not be registered in the name of
 the  person  whose  license  and/or  registration  certificate  was   so
 suspended,  or  in  any other name where the commissioner has reasonable
 grounds to believe that  such  registration  will  have  the  effect  of
 defeating the purposes of this article, and no other motor vehicle shall
 be  registered in the name of such person nor any new licenses issued to
 such person, unless and until such person complies with the  requirement
 with respect to furnishing security, or unless and until such person has
 obtained  a  release,  or  a  favorable  judgment in an action at law to
 recover damages resulting from such  [accident]  CRASH  or  unless  such
 person  shall  have satisfied in the manner herein provided any judgment
 rendered against such person in such an action, or unless such  judgment
 rendered  against  such  person  is discharged in bankruptcy, and at all
 events until such person gives and thereafter  maintains  proof  of  his
 financial responsibility.
   Provided,  however,  that  any  person  whose  license or registration
 became subject to suspension or has been suspended pursuant to  subdivi-
 sion  (a)  of section three hundred thirty-five OF THIS ARTICLE, whether
 or not such person has furnished security and proof of financial respon-
 sibility, shall be relieved from  furnishing  or  maintaining  proof  of
 financial  responsibility  if (1) one year has elapsed since the date of
 the [accident] CRASH, (2) nine months have elapsed  since  the  date  of
 compliance with any suspension order made against such person because of
 such  [accident]  CRASH,  (3) such person has neither paid nor agreed in
 writing to pay anything  for  damages  resulting  from  such  [accident]
 CRASH,  (4) no suit for damages because thereof has been brought against
 such person and (5) such person is not required to furnish  or  maintain
 proof  of financial responsibility for some reason other than for having
 been involved in such [accident] CRASH.  If a suit or suits for  damages
 resulting  from  such  [accident] CRASH shall have been brought and such

 A. 3473                            13
 
 suit or suits shall have  resulted  in  a  judgment  or  judgments,  the
 successful  person in such suit or suits shall be relieved from furnish-
 ing or maintaining proof of financial responsibility forthwith  provided
 such  person  is  not  required  to  furnish  or maintain such proof for
 reasons other than for having been involved  in  such  [accident]  CRASH
 and,  in  case such person has furnished security because of having been
 involved in such [accident] CRASH, it shall be returned to  such  person
 or  the personal representative of such person forthwith notwithstanding
 the provisions of subdivision (c) of section three  hundred  thirty-five
 OF  THIS  ARTICLE.  The  fact of having been involved in such [accident]
 CRASH shall not bar the issuance of license and registration to a person
 who has been relieved from furnishing or maintaining proof of  financial
 responsibility pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph.
   (c)  A  discharge  in  bankruptcy  following the rendering of any such
 judgment shall not relieve the judgment debtor from any of the  require-
 ments  of this article unless otherwise provided in subdivisions (a) and
 (b) of this section.
   § 24. Subdivision (d) of section 338 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 the  opening paragraph as amended by chapter 838 of the laws of 1970, is
 amended to read as follows:
   (d) The commissioner shall take action as required  anywhere  in  this
 article, upon receiving proper evidence that any resident of this state,
 has  in  any other state had his driving privileges suspended and/or the
 operation of any motor vehicle owned by him prohibited pursuant to a law
 of such other state providing for such suspension or prohibition because
 of a conviction or  because  of  an  unsatisfied  judgment  which  would
 require  the commissioner to suspend a non-resident's driving privileges
 had such a conviction or judgment been rendered in this state against  a
 non-resident, provided, however, that no suspension or prohibition shall
 be  effective  until  twenty  days have elapsed from the date upon which
 notice of suspension shall have been mailed to  the  operator  or  owner
 during  which period such operator or owner shall be permitted to submit
 evidence of satisfaction of the  judgment  or  other  evidence  relating
 thereto.
   Upon  receipt  of  a  certification  that the operating privilege of a
 resident of this state has been suspended, revoked or cancelled  in  any
 such other state pursuant to a law providing for its suspension, revoca-
 tion  or cancellation for failure to deposit security for the payment of
 a judgment as may arise out of a motor vehicle  [accident]  CRASH  under
 circumstances  which  would  require  the commissioner to suspend a non-
 resident's operating privilege had the [accident] CRASH occurred in this
 state, the commissioner shall suspend the license of such resident if he
 was the operator, and all of his registrations if he was the owner of  a
 motor  vehicle involved in such [accident] CRASH.  Such suspension shall
 continue until such resident furnishes evidence of his  compliance  with
 the law of such other state relating to the deposit of such security.
   §  25. Section 341 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chap-
 ter 305 of the laws of 1995, is amended to read as follows:
   § 341. Amount of proof required.  Proof  of  financial  responsibility
 shall  mean  proof of ability to respond in damages for liability there-
 after incurred, arising out of the ownership, maintenance or  use  of  a
 motor  vehicle, in the amount of twenty-five thousand dollars because of
 bodily injury to or fifty thousand dollars because of death of  any  one
 person,  and  subject to said limit respecting one person, in the amount
 of fifty thousand dollars because of bodily injury  to  or  one  hundred
 thousand  dollars  because  of  death  of two or more persons in any one

 A. 3473                            14
 
 [accident] CRASH, and in the amount of ten thousand dollars  because  of
 injury  to or destruction of property in any one [accident] CRASH.  Such
 proof in such amounts shall be furnished for each motor  vehicle  regis-
 tered by such person.
   §  26.  Subdivision (c) of section 343 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by chapter 300 of the laws of 1960, and as further amended by
 section 104 of part A of chapter 62 of the laws of 2011, is  amended  to
 read as follows:
   (c)  When  a  person has been required to furnish proof of a financial
 responsibility and there has been in effect a  motor  vehicle  liability
 policy  for his benefit for a period of three years, during which period
 such person or any vehicle registered in his name has not been  involved
 in  any  [accident]  CRASH  upon  which a report is required pursuant to
 section six hundred five [hereof] OF THIS CHAPTER, such person may  file
 in  lieu  thereof, the written certificate of any insurance carrier duly
 authorized to do business in this state, certifying  that  there  is  in
 effect  a  standard  provisions  automobile  liability  policy  in  form
 approved by the [superintendant] SUPERINTENDENT  of  financial  services
 with  a  limit  of liability no less than provided in subdivision (a) of
 section three hundred thirty-five of this [law] ARTICLE.
   § 27. Paragraphs 1 and 3 of subdivision (a)  of  section  344  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law are amended to read as follows:
   (1) Said insurance carrier shall execute a power of attorney authoriz-
 ing  the commissioner to accept service on its behalf of notice or proc-
 ess in any action arising out of a motor  vehicle  [accident]  CRASH  in
 this state.
   (3)  Said  insurance  carrier  shall also agree to accept as final and
 binding any judgment of any court  of  competent  jurisdiction  in  this
 state  duly rendered in any action arising out of a motor vehicle [acci-
 dent] CRASH.
   § 28. Paragraph 3 of subdivision (b) of section 345 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by chapter 305 of the laws of 1995,  is  amended
 to read as follows:
   (3)  Shall  insure  the insured or such other person against loss from
 the liability imposed by law for damages, including damages for care and
 loss of services because of bodily injury to or death of any person  and
 injury to or destruction of property arising out of the ownership, main-
 tenance, use, or operation of such motor vehicle or motor vehicles with-
 in  the  state  of  New York, or elsewhere in the United States in North
 America or the Dominion of Canada, subject  to  a  limit,  exclusive  of
 interest and cost, with respect to each such motor vehicle, except a tow
 truck,  of  twenty-five  thousand dollars because of bodily injury to or
 fifty thousand dollars because of death of one person in any one  [acci-
 dent]  CRASH  and,  subject  to said limit for one person, to a limit of
 fifty thousand dollars because of bodily injury to or one hundred  thou-
 sand  dollars  because of death of two or more persons in any one [acci-
 dent] CRASH, and to a limit of ten thousand dollars because of injury to
 or destruction of property of others in any one  [accident]  CRASH.  The
 limit,  exclusive  of  interest  and  costs, with respect to a tow truck
 shall be a combined single  limit  of  three  hundred  thousand  dollars
 because of bodily injury [of] OR death to one or more persons or because
 of  injury  or  destruction  of property of others in any one [accident]
 CRASH, and to a limit of twenty-five thousand dollars because of  damage
 to a vehicle in the care, custody and control of the insured.
   § 29. Paragraph 1 of subdivision (i) of section 345 of the vehicle and
 traffic law is amended to read as follows:

 A. 3473                            15
 
   (1) The liability of any company under a motor vehicle liability poli-
 cy  shall become absolute whenever loss or damage covered by said policy
 occurs, and the satisfaction by the insured of a final judgment for such
 loss or damage shall not be a condition precedent to the right  or  duty
 of  the  carrier  to  make payment on account of such loss or damage. No
 such policy shall be cancelled or  annulled  as  respects  any  loss  or
 damage  by  any  agreement between the carrier and the insured after the
 said insured has become responsible for such loss  or  damage,  and  any
 such  cancellation or [annullment] ANNULMENT shall be void. If the death
 of the insured shall occur after the insured has  become  liable  during
 the  policy  period for loss or damage covered by the policy, the policy
 shall not be deemed terminated  by  such  death  with  respect  to  such
 liability  and the company shall be liable thereunder in the same manner
 and to the same extent as though death had not occurred. Upon the recov-
 ery of a final judgment against any person for any such loss or  damage,
 if  the  judgment  debtor  or the decedent whom he represents was at the
 accrual of the cause of action insured against liability therefor  under
 a  motor  vehicle liability policy, the judgment creditor shall be enti-
 tled to have the insurance money applied  to  the  satisfaction  of  the
 judgment.    But  the  policy may provide that the insured, or any other
 person covered by the policy, shall reimburse the company  for  payments
 made  on  account  of  any  [accident]  CRASH, claim or suit involving a
 breach of the  terms,  provisions  or  conditions  of  the  policy;  and
 further,  if the policy shall provide for limits in excess of the limits
 designated in this section, the insurance carrier may plead against such
 judgment creditor, with respect to the amount of such excess  limits  of
 liability,  any  defenses  which it may be entitled to plead against the
 insured. Any such policy may further provide for the  prorating  of  the
 insurance  thereunder with other applicable valid and collectible insur-
 ance. If the death, insolvency or bankruptcy of the insured shall  occur
 within  the  policy  period,  the policy during the unexpired portion of
 such period shall cover the legal representatives  of  the  insured.  No
 statement  made by the insured or on his behalf, and no violation of the
 terms of the policy, shall operate to defeat or avoid the policy  so  as
 to  bar  recovery  within the limits provided in subdivision (b) of this
 section.
   § 30. Subdivision 2 of section 353 of the vehicle and traffic  law  is
 amended to read as follows:
   (2) In the event the person who has given proof of financial responsi-
 bility  surrenders  his  operator's or chauffeur's license, registration
 certificates and  registration  plates  to  the  commissioner,  but  the
 commissioner  shall  not  release such proof in the event any action for
 damages upon a liability referred to in this article is then pending, or
 any judgment upon any such liability then outstanding  and  unsatisfied,
 or  in  the  event the commissioner has received notice that such person
 has within  the  period  of  three  months  immediately  preceding  been
 involved  as a driver in any motor vehicle [accident] CRASH.  An affida-
 vit of the applicant of the non-existence of such facts shall be  suffi-
 cient evidence thereof in the absence of evidence to the contrary in the
 records of the bureau.
   §  31. Section 354 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chap-
 ter 61 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
   § 354. Commissioner to  furnish  operating  record.  The  commissioner
 shall  upon  request  furnish  any  insurance  carrier  or any person an
 abstract of the operating record of any person subject to the provisions
 of this  article,  which  abstract  shall  include  enumeration  of  any

 A. 3473                            16
 
 convictions  of such person of a violation of any provision of any stat-
 ute relating to the operation of a  motor  vehicle  or  any  [accidents]
 CRASHES in which a motor vehicle driven by such person has been involved
 during  the current calendar year and the three calendar years preceding
 that in which the request for the operating record is  received  and  if
 specifically requested shall also fully designate the motor vehicles, if
 any,  registered  in the name of such person and the name of the insurer
 insuring such motor vehicle, for the  registration  year  in  which  the
 request  for the operating record is received. A request for an abstract
 of an operating record shall be subject to the provisions of section two
 hundred two of this chapter.
   § 32. Section 366 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 366. Past application of article. This article, except section three
 hundred thirty-nine [thereof] OF THIS ARTICLE, shall not  apply  to  any
 judgment  in  a civil action or cause of action arising out of [an acci-
 dent] A CRASH occurring prior to the effective date of this article.
   § 33. The section heading, the opening paragraph of subdivision 1  and
 subdivisions  3 and 4 of section 370 of the vehicle and traffic law, the
 section heading and subdivision 4 as amended by chapter 609 of the  laws
 of 1962, the opening paragraph of subdivision 1 as amended by chapter 20
 of  the  laws of 2002 and as further amended by section 104 of part A of
 chapter 62 of the laws of 2011 and subdivision 3 as amended  by  chapter
 232 of the laws of 2001, are amended to read as follows:
   Indemnity bonds or insurance policies; notice of [accident] CRASH.
   Every person, firm, association or corporation engaged in the business
 of  carrying or transporting passengers for hire in any motor vehicle or
 motorcycle, except street cars, and motor vehicles or motorcycles  owned
 and operated by a municipality, and except as otherwise provided in this
 section,  which  shall be operated over, upon or along any public street
 or highway of the state of New York shall file with the commissioner  of
 motor  vehicles  for  each motor vehicle or motorcycle intended to be so
 operated evidence, in such form as the commissioner may prescribe, of  a
 corporate  surety  bond or a policy of insurance, approved as to form by
 the superintendent of financial services in a company authorized  to  do
 business in the state, approved by the superintendent as to solvency and
 responsibility, conditioned for the payment of a minimum sum, hereinaft-
 er  called  minimum  liability,  on a judgment or judgments for damages,
 including damages for care and loss of services, because of bodily inju-
 ry to, or death of any one person  in  any  one  [accident]  CRASH,  and
 subject  to  such  minimum  liability  a maximum sum, hereinafter called
 maximum liability on a judgment  or  judgments  for  damages,  including
 damages  for  care  and loss of services because of bodily injury to, or
 death of two or more persons in any one [accident]  CRASH  and  for  the
 payment  of a minimum sum, called minimum liability on all judgments for
 damages because of injury to or destruction of property of others in any
 one [accident] CRASH, recovered against such person,  firm,  association
 or corporation upon claims arising out of the same transaction or trans-
 actions  connected  with  the  same subject of action, to be apportioned
 ratably among the judgment creditors according to the  amount  of  their
 respective judgments for damage or injury caused in the operation, main-
 tenance,  use  or  the  defective  construction of such motor vehicle or
 motorcycle as follows:
   3. A person, firm, association or corporation engaged in the  business
 of  renting  or  leasing  rental vehicles to be operated upon the public
 highways for carrying passengers shall be subject to the  provisions  of

 A. 3473                            17
 
 this  section  in  the  same  manner  and  to the same extent as if such
 person, firm, association or corporation were actually  engaged  in  the
 business of carrying or transporting passengers for hire.
   Notwithstanding  the  provisions of subdivision one of this section, a
 person, firm, association or corporation  engaged  in  the  business  of
 renting  or leasing motor vehicles, having registered in this state more
 than twenty-five motor  vehicles  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this
 section  and  who  qualifies as hereinafter provided, may file a certif-
 icate of self-insurance. The  commissioner  of  motor  vehicles  in  his
 discretion may, upon the application of such a person, firm, association
 or  corporation issue a certificate of self-insurance when he is reason-
 ably satisfied that such person is possessed and  will  continue  to  be
 possessed  of financial ability to respond to judgments obtained against
 such person, arising out of the ownership, maintenance, use or operation
 of any such person's motor vehicle. Upon due  notice  and  hearing,  the
 commissioner  may, in his discretion and upon reasonable grounds, cancel
 a certificate of self-insurance.
   As a condition to the issuance  of  a  certificate  of  self-insurance
 under  this subdivision the registrant shall pay annually in addition to
 any other fee prescribed by this chapter, a fee of one dollar and  fifty
 cents  for  each  motor vehicle registered in his name and the aggregate
 amount of such fees shall be applied  in  reduction  of  the  assessment
 levied pursuant to section three hundred seventeen OF THIS TITLE.
   As  a further condition to the issuance of a certificate of self-insu-
 rance, the registrant shall pay annually in addition to  any  other  fee
 prescribed  by  this  chapter, an amount per vehicle to be determined by
 the Motor Vehicle [Accident] CRASH Indemnification Corporation  pursuant
 to  section five thousand two hundred seven of the insurance law and the
 aggregate amount of such fees shall be transmitted by  the  commissioner
 to  the  Motor  Vehicle  [Accident]  CRASH  Indemnification  Corporation
 continued pursuant to section five thousand two  hundred  three  of  the
 insurance  law  to be applied in reduction of assessments levied by said
 corporation pursuant to section five thousand two hundred seven  of  the
 insurance law.
   4.  Every person operating a motor vehicle or motorcycle as to which a
 bond or policy of insurance is required by this section, which is in any
 manner involved in [an accident] A CRASH, shall within  five  days  give
 written  notice  of  the time and place of the accident to the surety or
 insurer.  Failure to give notice of [an  accident]  A  CRASH  as  herein
 provided  shall  constitute  a  misdemeanor,  but  shall  not affect the
 liability of the surety or insurer.
   § 34. Subdivision 2 of section 385 of the vehicle and traffic law,  as
 amended  by  chapter  973  of  the  laws  of 1966, is amended to read as
 follows:
   2. The height of a vehicle from under side of tire to top of  vehicle,
 inclusive  of  load,  shall be not more than thirteen and one-half feet.
 Any damage to highways, bridges or highway structures resulting from the
 use of a vehicle exceeding thirteen feet in  height  where  such  excess
 height  is  the proximate cause of the [accident] CRASH shall be compen-
 sated for by the owner and operator of such vehicle.
   § 35. The opening paragraph of subdivision 2 of section 398-b  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law, as amended by chapter 212 of the laws of 1980,
 is amended to read as follows:
   As used in this article the term "motor vehicle repair shop" means any
 person who, for compensation, is wholly  or  partially  engaged  in  the
 business  of  repairing  or  diagnosing  motor  vehicle  malfunctions or

 A. 3473                            18
 
 repairing motor vehicle bodies, fenders or other components  damaged  by
 [accident] CRASH or otherwise, except that such term does not include:
   §  36.  The article heading of article 12-B of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as added by chapter 290 of the laws of 1998, is amended to read  as
 follows:
                APPROVAL OF MOTOR VEHICLE [ACCIDENT] CRASH
                            PREVENTION COURSES
   §  37. Section 399-a of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chap-
 ter 290 of the laws of 1998, is amended to read as follows:
   § 399-a. Statement of purpose. The purposes of  this  article  are  to
 further  highway  safety  by  preserving the quality and efficacy of the
 [accident] CRASH prevention course  programs.  These  purposes  will  be
 accomplished  by  establishing strict criteria for initial and continual
 course sponsorship approval.
   § 38. Section 399-b of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by  chap-
 ter 290 of the laws of 1998, is amended to read as follows:
   §  399-b. Definitions. For the purposes of this article, the following
 terms shall have the following definitions:
   1. "Sponsoring agency" shall mean an organization which owns  a  motor
 vehicle [accident] CRASH prevention course approved by the commissioner.
   2. "Delivery agency" shall mean an organization which conducts a spon-
 soring  agency's  approved  motor  vehicle  [accident]  CRASH prevention
 course.
   3. "Instructor" shall mean an individual employed by a delivery agency
 to teach an approved [accident] CRASH prevention course.
   4. "[Accident] CRASH prevention course" or  "course"  shall  mean  the
 [accident]  CRASH  prevention  course  curriculum  or specialized course
 curriculum which has been approved by the commissioner.
   5. "Completion certificate" shall mean  a  document  which  cannot  be
 altered  and which is provided to the student who successfully completes
 the [accident] CRASH prevention course.
   6. "Specialized course" shall mean a course aimed primarily at enhanc-
 ing safety within a specific occupation or for a  specific  category  of
 vehicles.
   §  39. Section 399-c of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chap-
 ter 290 of the laws of 1998, is amended to read as follows:
   § 399-c. Approval by the commissioner. The commissioner  must  approve
 [an  accident] A CRASH prevention course before any person attending and
 successfully completing such course may  qualify  to  receive  mandatory
 insurance  reduction  benefits  in  accordance  with  subsection  (a) of
 section two thousand three hundred thirty-six of the insurance law.  The
 commissioner  shall  base  the  decision  to  approve  a course upon the
 requirements set forth in this article and any  additional  requirements
 as the commissioner deems necessary.
   §  40.  Subdivision 1 of section 399-d of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as added by chapter 290 of the laws of  1998,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   1.  An  agency  or  organization  seeking  approval as a motor vehicle
 [accident] CRASH prevention course sponsoring agency shall apply to  the
 commissioner  for  approval.  Such applications shall be made in writing
 and on forms prescribed  by  the  commissioner.  The  application  shall
 include  at  a minimum: the title or name of the course, the name of the
 organization submitting the application, proof of course ownership,  and
 the  names  and  addresses of all owners, officers, and directors of the
 agency or organization, and such other information or  material  as  the
 commissioner may prescribe. An application shall not be considered to be

 A. 3473                            19
 
 complete until all information and material required by this chapter and
 by regulation of the commissioner has been submitted.
   §  41. Section 399-f of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chap-
 ter 290 of the laws of 1998, is amended to read as follows:
   § 399-f. Proof of effectiveness. Proof of effectiveness shall be veri-
 fiable research documentation submitted by the applicant for sponsorship
 showing evidence of effectiveness comparable to  that  of  the  national
 safety  council's  defensive driving course as determined by the commis-
 sioner in terms of reduced convictions or [accidents] CRASHES  or  both.
 This  research  documentation  shall employ accepted research principles
 and include treatment and  non-treatment  control  groups  comprised  of
 samples of the representative driver base. In order to establish verifi-
 able  effectiveness,  each sample group should be comprised of a minimum
 of three thousand drivers selected  randomly.  The  documentation  shall
 include  conviction  or  [accident]  CRASH  data for each motorist for a
 period of at least eighteen months prior to the course  completion  date
 and  at  least  eighteen  months subsequent to such date, and equivalent
 time periods for non-treatment control groups. The  documentation  shall
 also include a description of the sampling and analytic procedures used,
 and  the  motorist  identification number and course completion date for
 all course attendees. The applicant for sponsorship  shall  provide,  at
 the  request  of  the  commissioner  and at the applicant's expense, all
 driving record data and analysis used in the development of the  submit-
 ted  research  documentation.  Submission  of  any  fraudulent or inten-
 tionally misleading data  will  disqualify  that  organization  and  all
 owners  and  principals from participating or approval in the [accident]
 CRASH prevention course for a period of ten years from submission  date.
 The  commissioner may, by regulation, provide for a smaller sample group
 for specialized courses.
   § 42. The article heading of article 12-C of the vehicle  and  traffic
 law,  as added by chapter 751 of the laws of 2005, is amended to read as
 follows:
   [ACCIDENT] CRASH PREVENTION  COURSE  INTERNET,  AND  OTHER  TECHNOLOGY
 PILOT PROGRAM
   §  43. Section 399-k of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chap-
 ter 751 of the laws of 2005, is amended to read as follows:
   § 399-k. [Accident] CRASH prevention course internet technology  pilot
 program.  The commissioner shall establish and implement a comprehensive
 pilot program to review and study internet, and  other  technologies  as
 approved  by  the  commissioner,  as  a training method for the adminis-
 tration and completion of an approved [accident] CRASH prevention course
 for the purposes of granting point and insurance premium reduction bene-
 fits.
   § 44. Section 399-l of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1  of  part ZZ of chapter 58 of the laws of 2020, is amended to
 read as follows:
   § 399-l.  Application.  Applicants  for  participation  in  the  pilot
 program established pursuant to this article shall be among those [acci-
 dent]  CRASH  prevention  course  sponsoring agencies that have a course
 approved by the commissioner pursuant to article twelve-B of this  title
 and  which deliver such course to the public. Provided, the commissioner
 shall, in his or her discretion, approve additional  applications  after
 the  effective date of this article. In order to be approved for partic-
 ipation  in  such  pilot  program,  the  course  must  comply  with  the
 provisions of law, rules and regulations applicable thereto. The commis-
 sioner may, in his or her discretion, impose a fee for the submission of

 A. 3473                            20
 
 each  application to participate in the pilot program established pursu-
 ant to this article. Such fee  shall  not  exceed  seven  thousand  five
 hundred dollars.
   §  45. Section 399-m of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chap-
 ter 751 of the laws of 2005, is amended to read as follows:
   § 399-m. Pilot program scope  and  duration.  The  commissioner  shall
 conduct  a  pilot  program  designed to evaluate utilizing internet, and
 other technologies as  approved  by  the  commissioner,  for  delivering
 [accident]  CRASH  prevention  courses  for  point and insurance premium
 reduction benefits to the public by permitting qualifying applicants  to
 participate in the pilot program for a period of five years.
   §  46. Section 399-n of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chap-
 ter 751 of the laws of 2005, is amended to read as follows:
   § 399-n. Regulations. 1. The commissioner is authorized  and  directed
 to  promulgate  any  rules  and  regulations  necessary to implement the
 provisions of this article and to insure that internet, and other  tech-
 nology  as  approved  by  the  commissioner,  delivered [accident] CRASH
 prevention courses established pursuant to this  article  can  validate:
 student  identity  at  registration  and  throughout the course; partic-
 ipation throughout the course; that the time requirements are  met;  and
 successful  completion  of the course. Provided, however, that any rules
 and regulations promulgated pursuant to this article shall not stipulate
 any particular location for delivery of [an accident] A CRASH prevention
 course or limit the time of day during which such course may be taken.
   2. The commissioner is authorized to impose a fee upon each [accident]
 CRASH prevention course sponsoring agency approved for participation  in
 the pilot program, which shall not exceed eight dollars for each student
 who  completes  [an  accident] A CRASH prevention course by means of the
 pilot program established pursuant to this article.
   § 47. Section 399-o of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by  chap-
 ter 751 of the laws of 2005, is amended to read as follows:
   §  399-o.  Report by commissioner. Within five years of the establish-
 ment and implementation of this article, the commissioner  shall  report
 to  the  governor, the temporary president of the senate and the speaker
 of the assembly on the [accident] CRASH prevention course internet,  and
 other  technology as approved by the commissioner, pilot program and its
 results. Such report shall include recommendations as to the future  use
 of  internet  and other technologies as an effective way, in addition to
 classroom presentation, to deliver to  the  public  approved  [accident]
 CRASH  prevention  courses,  and qualifications for participants in such
 approved internet and other technology-delivered programs.
   § 48. Paragraph (e) of subdivision 4 of section 503 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as added by section 2 of part E of chapter 59 of  the  laws
 of 2004, is amended to read as follows:
   (e)  Any  completion  of  a  motor vehicle [accident] CRASH prevention
 course approved pursuant to article twelve-B of this chapter  shall  not
 serve  to  reduce the calculation of points on a person's driving record
 for the purposes of this section.
   § 49. Subdivision 2 of section 506 of the vehicle and traffic law,  as
 added by chapter 780 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   2.  The commissioner may require every person holding a license issued
 pursuant to this article to submit to such an examination  as  shall  be
 determined  by him to be appropriate if such person has been involved in
 three [accidents] CRASHES while driving a motor  vehicle  or  motorcycle
 within  a  period  of  eighteen months, if such [accidents] CRASHES were
 required to be reported by section six hundred five of this chapter.

 A. 3473                            21
 
   § 50. Subdivision 7 of section 509-a of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  added  by  chapter  599  of  the laws of 1993, is amended to read as
 follows:
   (7)  [accident]  CRASH shall include any [accident] CRASH with another
 vehicle, object or person, which occurs in this state or  elsewhere,  in
 which any person is killed or injured, or in which damage to the proper-
 ty  of any one person, including the operator, in excess of one thousand
 five hundred dollars is sustained, or in which damage in excess  of  two
 thousand  five  hundred  dollars  is  sustained to any bus as defined in
 section one hundred four of this chapter; provided however  that  [acci-
 dents] CRASHES occurring outside this state shall not be recorded on the
 driver's license record.
   §  51. Subdivisions 1 and 3 of section 509-bb of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as added by chapter 599 of the laws of  1993,  are  amended  to
 read as follows:
   (1)  Any  person  employed  as a bus driver who has on three occasions
 been the operator of a motor vehicle involved in [an accident]  A  CRASH
 of  a  nature  or  type set forth in section five hundred nine-a of this
 article, where such [accidents] CRASHES  occurred  within  an  eighteen-
 month  period, shall be subject to reexamination, including a road test,
 as provided in this section; provided, however, that if such  person  is
 subject to a period of disqualification pursuant to section five hundred
 nine-c or five hundred nine-cc of this article, such reexamination shall
 occur  not  more  than  forty-five  days prior to the completion of such
 period of disqualification;  and  provided,  further,  that  [accidents]
 CRASHES  in  which  the driver was completely without fault shall not be
 included in determining whether such reexamination is required.
   (3) For purposes of this section, one such [accident] CRASH shall  not
 be  counted  if the person successfully completes a motor vehicle [acci-
 dent] CRASH prevention course approved by the commissioner.
   § 52. Subparagraph (iv) of paragraph (b) and paragraphs (d),  (e)  and
 (f)  of  subdivision 1 and subparagraph (iii) of paragraph (b) and para-
 graphs (d), (e) and (f) of subdivision 2 of section 509-c of the vehicle
 and traffic law, subparagraph (iv) of paragraph (b) of subdivision 1 and
 subparagraph (iii) of paragraph (b) of subdivision 2 as amended by chap-
 ter 360 of the laws of 1986, paragraph (d) of subdivision  1  and  para-
 graph (d) of subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 599 of the laws of 1993
 and  paragraphs  (e) and (f) of subdivision 1 and paragraphs (e) and (f)
 of subdivision 2 as added by chapter  599  of  the  laws  of  1993,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   (iv)  has been convicted of leaving the scene of [an accident] A CRASH
 which resulted in personal injury or  death  under  subdivision  two  of
 section  six  hundred of this chapter or an offense committed outside of
 this state which would constitute a  violation  of  subdivision  two  of
 section  six hundred of this chapter. Such disqualification shall be for
 a period of three years if such conviction occurred prior  to  September
 fifteenth, nineteen hundred eighty-five; or
   (d)  for  a period of one year, if that person has accumulated nine or
 more points on his or her driving record for acts that  occurred  during
 an  eighteen  month  period  on  or  after September fifteenth, nineteen
 hundred eighty-five, provided, however, that the disqualification  shall
 terminate if the person has reduced the points to less than nine through
 the successful completion of a motor vehicle [accident] CRASH prevention
 course.
   (e)  for  a  period  of one year, if that person was the operator of a
 motor vehicle involved in two or more [accidents] CRASHES  of  a  nature

 A. 3473                            22
 
 and type set forth in section five hundred nine-a of this article, where
 such  [accidents]  CRASHES  occurred  within  an  eighteen-month  period
 following a reexamination conducted pursuant  to  section  five  hundred
 nine-bb  of this article, provided that [accidents] CRASHES in which the
 driver was completely without fault shall not be included in determining
 whether such disqualification is required;
   (f) for a period of one year, if that person fails to pass a road test
 administered pursuant to section five hundred nine-bb of  this  article;
 provided,  however,  that  such person shall be given the opportunity to
 complete a motor vehicle [accident] CRASH prevention course approved  by
 the  commissioner  and  to  then undergo a second road test administered
 pursuant to section five hundred  nine-bb  of  this  article,  and  such
 disqualification  shall  cease  if  such  person passes such second road
 test.
   (iii) has been convicted of leaving the scene of [an accident] A CRASH
 which resulted in personal injury or  death  under  subdivision  two  of
 section  six  hundred of this chapter or an offense committed outside of
 this state which would constitute a  violation  of  subdivision  two  of
 section six hundred of this chapter; or
   (d)  for a period of one year, if that person accumulates nine or more
 points on his or her driving record for acts occurring during  an  eigh-
 teen  month  period,  provided, however, that the disqualification shall
 terminate if the person has reduced the points to less than nine through
 the successful completion of a motor vehicle [accident] CRASH prevention
 course.
   (e) for a period of one year, if that person was  the  operator  of  a
 motor  vehicle  involved  in two or more [accidents] CRASHES of a nature
 and type set forth in section five hundred nine-a of this article, where
 such  [accidents]  CRASHES  occurred  within  an  eighteen-month  period
 following  a  reexamination  conducted  pursuant to section five hundred
 nine-bb of this article, provided that [accidents] CRASHES in which  the
 driver was completely without fault shall not be included in determining
 whether such disqualification is required;
   (f) for a period of one year, if that person fails to pass a road test
 administered  pursuant  to section five hundred nine-bb of this article;
 provided, however, that such person shall be given  the  opportunity  to
 complete  a motor vehicle [accident] CRASH prevention course approved by
 the commissioner and to then undergo a  second  road  test  administered
 pursuant  to  section  five  hundred  nine-bb  of this article, and such
 disqualification shall cease if such  person  passes  such  second  road
 test.
   §  53.  Subparagraph  (v) of paragraph (b) and paragraphs (d), (e) and
 (f) of subdivision 1, subparagraph (iv) of paragraph (c) and  paragraphs
 (e),  (f)  and (g) of subdivision 2 of section 509-cc of the vehicle and
 traffic law, subparagraph (v) of paragraph (b) of subdivision 1 as added
 by chapter 675 of the laws of 1985, paragraph (d) of subdivision  1  and
 paragraph  (e) of subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 599 of the laws of
 1993, paragraphs (e) and (f) of subdivision 1 and paragraphs (f) and (g)
 of subdivision 2 as added by chapter  599  of  the  laws  of  1993,  and
 subparagraph  (iv) of paragraph (c) of subdivision 2 as amended by chap-
 ter 360 of the laws of 1986, are amended to read as follows:
   (v) has been convicted of leaving the scene of [an accident]  A  CRASH
 which  resulted in personal injury or death under section six hundred of
 this chapter or an offense committed outside of this state  which  would
 constitute a violation of section six hundred of this chapter.

 A. 3473                            23
 
   (d)  for  a period of one year, if that person has accumulated nine or
 more points on his or her driving record for acts that  occurred  during
 an  eighteen  month  period  on  or  after September fifteenth, nineteen
 hundred eighty-five, provided, however, that the disqualification  shall
 terminate if the person has reduced the points to less than nine through
 the successful completion of a motor vehicle [accident] CRASH prevention
 course.
   (e)  for a period of one year, if that person or was the operator of a
 motor vehicle involved in two or more [accidents] CRASHES  of  a  nature
 and type set forth in section five hundred nine-a of this article, where
 such  [accidents]  CRASHES  occurred  within  an  eighteen-month  period
 following a reexamination conducted pursuant  to  section  five  hundred
 nine-bb  of this article, provided that [accidents] CRASHES in which the
 driver was completely without fault shall not be included in determining
 whether such disqualification is required;
   (f) for a period of one year, if that person fails to pass a road test
 administered pursuant to section five hundred nine-bb of  this  article;
 provided,  however,  that  such person shall be given the opportunity to
 complete a motor vehicle [accident] CRASH prevention course approved  by
 the  commissioner  and  to  then undergo a second road test administered
 pursuant to section five hundred  nine-bb  of  this  article,  and  such
 disqualification  shall  cease  if  such  person passes such second road
 test.
   (iv) has been convicted of leaving the scene of [an accident] A  CRASH
 which  resulted  in  personal  injury  or death under subdivision two of
 section six hundred of this chapter or an offense committed  outside  of
 this  state  which  would  constitute  a violation of subdivision two of
 section six hundred of this chapter; or
   (e) for a period of one year, if that person accumulates nine or  more
 points  on  his or her driving record for acts occurring during an eigh-
 teen month period, provided, however, that  the  disqualification  shall
 terminate if the person has reduced the points to less than nine through
 the successful completion of a motor vehicle [accident] CRASH prevention
 course.
   (f)  for  a  period  of one year, if that person was the operator of a
 motor vehicle involved in two or more [accidents] CRASHES  of  a  nature
 and type set forth in section five hundred nine-a of this article, where
 such  [accidents]  CRASHES  occurred  within  an  eighteen-month  period
 following a reexamination conducted pursuant  to  section  five  hundred
 nine-bb of this article, provided that accidents in which the driver was
 completely  without  fault  shall not be included in determining whether
 such disqualification is required;
   (g) for a period of one year, if that person fails to pass a road test
 administered pursuant to section five hundred nine-bb of  this  article;
 provided,  however,  that  such person shall be given the opportunity to
 complete a motor vehicle [accident] CRASH prevention course approved  by
 the  commissioner  and  to  then undergo a second road test administered
 pursuant to section five hundred  nine-bb  of  this  article,  and  such
 disqualification  shall  cease  if  such  person passes such second road
 test.
   § 54. Subdivision 7 of section 509-d of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  added  by  chapter  599  of  the laws of 1993, is amended to read as
 follows:
   (7) Each motor carrier shall prepare a report setting forth:  (a)  the
 number of miles travelled by buses operated by such motor carrier in the
 preceding  twelve  months; (b) the number of convictions and [accidents]

 A. 3473                            24
 
 CRASHES involving any driver employed by such motor carrier  during  the
 preceding twelve months, as reported to such carrier pursuant to section
 five  hundred  nine-f  of  this [chapter] ARTICLE; and (c) the number of
 convictions  and  [accidents]  CRASHES per ten thousand miles travelled.
 Such report shall be filed with the department as an attachment  to  the
 affidavit  of  compliance  required  by  subdivision (c) of section five
 hundred nine-j of this [chapter] ARTICLE, and  a  copy  of  such  report
 shall be made available by the carrier to any person upon request.
   §  55.  Section  509-e  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 chapter 853 of the laws of 1975, is amended to read as follows:
   § 509-e. Annual review of driving record. Each motor carrier shall, at
 least once every twelve months, review the driving record  of  each  bus
 driver  it  employs  to  determine  whether  that  driver  meets minimum
 requirements for safe driving and is qualified to drive a  bus  pursuant
 to  section  five hundred nine-b of this article. In reviewing a driving
 record, the motor carrier must consider any evidence that the bus driver
 has violated applicable provisions of the vehicle and traffic  law.  The
 motor  carrier  must  also consider the driver's [accident] CRASH record
 and any evidence that the driver has violated laws governing the  opera-
 tion  of motor vehicles, such as speeding, reckless driving, and operat-
 ing while under the influence of alcohol or drugs,  that  indicate  that
 the  driver has exhibited a disregard for the safety of the public. Such
 information shall be recorded in the employer's record.
   § 56. Section 509-f of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 chapter 599 of the laws of 1993, is amended to read as follows:
   509-f.  Record  of violations. Each motor carrier shall, at least once
 every twelve months, require each bus driver it employs to  prepare  and
 furnish  it  with a list of all violations of motor vehicle traffic laws
 and ordinances (other than violations involving only parking)  of  which
 the  driver  has  been convicted or on account of which he has forfeited
 bond or collateral and all [accidents] CRASHES of a nature or  type  set
 forth in section five hundred nine-a of this article in which the driver
 was  involved during the preceding twelve months whether such violations
 or [accidents] CRASHES occurred in this state or elsewhere. Such  infor-
 mation shall be recorded in the employer's record.
   § 57. Subdivisions 1-b and 4 of section 509-i of the vehicle and traf-
 fic  law, subdivision 1-b as added and subdivision 4 as amended by chap-
 ter 599 of the laws of 1993, are amended to read as follows:
   1-b. A driver who is involved in [an accident] A CRASH of a nature  or
 type  set  forth  in  section five hundred nine-a of this article in any
 jurisdiction shall notify his or her employer within five  working  days
 from the date of the [accident] CRASH.  A driver who fails to notify his
 or  her  employer  of  such [accident] CRASH within the five working day
 period shall be subject to a five working day suspension.
   4. In addition to  the  requirements  of  subdivision  three  of  this
 section,  the  commissioner  shall  notify  the  motor  carrier  of  any
 conviction for any traffic violation or [accident] CRASH resulting  from
 operation  of a motor vehicle against a bus driver employed by the motor
 carrier, shall require payment of the fee necessary to defray  the  cost
 of  the  notification, and shall require all motor carriers to establish
 an escrow account with the department which shall be used to pay for the
 costs incurred by the department when it informs the motor carrier of  a
 driver's  conviction  or  [accident]  CRASH;  and may, if requested by a
 political subdivision which contracts  with  a  motor  carrier  for  the
 transportation  of school children, provide such notice to the political
 subdivision.

 A. 3473                            25
 
   § 58. Subparagraph (iii) of paragraph a of subdivision  2  of  section
 510 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chapter 47 of the laws
 of 1988, is amended to read as follows:
   (iii)  of  any  violation of subdivision two of section six hundred or
 section three hundred ninety-two OF THIS CHAPTER or of a  local  law  or
 ordinance making it unlawful to leave the scene of [an accident] A CRASH
 without reporting;
   §  59.  Paragraph (a) of subdivision 4 of section 510-a of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 1 of part C of chapter 58 of  the
 laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
   (a)  A  serious  traffic  violation  shall mean operating a commercial
 motor vehicle in violation of any provision of this chapter or the  laws
 or  ordinances of any other state or locality outside of this state that
 restricts or prohibits the use of a  hand-held  mobile  telephone  or  a
 portable electronic device while operating a commercial motor vehicle or
 in  violation  of any provision of this chapter or the laws of any other
 state, the District of Columbia  or  any  Canadian  province  which  (i)
 limits  the  speed  of  motor  vehicles, provided the violation involved
 fifteen or more miles per hour over the established speed limit; (ii) is
 defined as reckless driving by state or local law or  regulation;  (iii)
 prohibits  improper or erratic lane change; (iv) prohibits following too
 closely; (v) relates to  motor  vehicle  traffic  (other  than  parking,
 standing or stopping) and which arises in connection with a fatal [acci-
 dent]  CRASH;  (vi)  operating  a commercial motor vehicle without first
 obtaining a commercial driver's license  as  required  by  section  five
 hundred  one  of  this title; (vii) operating a commercial motor vehicle
 without a commercial driver's license in  the  driver's  possession;  or
 (viii)  operating a commercial motor vehicle without the proper class of
 commercial driver's license and/or endorsement for the specific  vehicle
 being operated or for the passengers or type of cargo being transported.
   §  60. Section 520 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chap-
 ter 607 of the laws of 1979, is amended to read as follows:
   § 520. Statement of findings and declaration of purpose. The  ever-in-
 creasing  number  of  [accidents]  CRASHES, personal injuries and deaths
 resulting from alcohol or drug-related traffic offenses is a  matter  of
 great  concern  to the legislature. The diminished perception of intoxi-
 cated and impaired operators of motor vehicles presents a  constant  and
 intolerable  threat  to  the lives and well-being of the citizens of the
 state. Efforts aimed at alleviating this threat have proven  inadequate.
 The  public  interest in the cause of highway safety will be well served
 by the implementation of a permanent program of rehabilitation for those
 operators convicted of alcohol  or  drug-related  traffic  offenses  and
 certain operators who have been adjudicated youthful offenders for alco-
 hol or drug-related traffic offenses. The commissioner of motor vehicles
 should  have the authority to offer to such operators an opportunity for
 rehabilitation, thereby reducing the threat aimed at themselves and  the
 people of the state.
   §  61. Section 523-b of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chap-
 ter 596 of the laws of 1975, is amended to read as follows:
   § 523-b. Experimental driver safety  programs.  The  commissioner  may
 study  the feasibility of programs to improve driver behavior, attitude,
 performance or skills in order to reduce motor vehicle [accidents] CRAS-
 HES and traffic violations, and to promote highway safety. He shall have
 the authority to establish such  programs  on  a  limited,  experimental
 basis  in  order  to  assist in such feasibility study provided any such
 program is funded by any source other than state funds, or if  any  such

 A. 3473                            26

 program  is  to  be  funded with state funds, then he may establish such
 program only with the approval of the director of the  division  of  the
 budget.
   § 62. The article heading of article 22 of the vehicle and traffic law
 is amended to read as follows:
 
                    [ACCIDENTS] CRASHES AND [ACCIDENT]
                               CRASH REPORTS
   §  63.  Paragraph b of subdivision 1 of section 600 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of part AAA of chapter  59  of  the
 laws of 2017, is amended to read as follows:
   b.  It shall be the duty of any member of a law enforcement agency who
 is at the scene of the [accident] CRASH to request the said operator  or
 operators of the motor vehicles, when physically capable of doing so, to
 exchange  the  information required hereinabove and such member of a law
 enforcement agency shall assist such operator  or  operators  in  making
 such exchange of information in a reasonable and harmonious manner.
   A violation of the provisions of paragraph a of this subdivision shall
 constitute  a  traffic  infraction  punishable  by  a  fine of up to two
 hundred fifty dollars or a sentence of imprisonment for  up  to  fifteen
 days or both such fine and imprisonment.
   §  64.  Paragraph b of subdivision 2 of section 600 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of part AAA of chapter  59  of  the
 laws of 2017, is amended to read as follows:
   b.  It shall be the duty of any member of a law enforcement agency who
 is at the scene of the [accident] CRASH to request the said operator  or
 operators of the motor vehicles, when physically capable of doing so, to
 exchange  the  information required hereinabove and such member of a law
 enforcement agency shall assist such operator  or  operators  in  making
 such exchange of information in a reasonable and harmonious manner.
   §  65. Section 603 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chap-
 ter 550 of the laws of 1993 and subdivision 1 as amended by chapter  432
 of the laws of 1997, is amended to read as follows:
   § 603. [Accidents] CRASHES; police authorities and coroners to report.
 1.  Every  police  or  judicial  officer  to  whom [an accident] A CRASH
 resulting in injury to a person shall have been  reported,  pursuant  to
 the  foregoing provisions of this chapter, shall immediately investigate
 the facts, or cause the same to be investigated, and report  the  matter
 to the commissioner forthwith; provided, however, that the report of the
 [accident] CRASH is made to the police officer or judicial officer with-
 in  five days after such [accident] CRASH. Every coroner, or other offi-
 cial performing like functions, shall likewise  make  a  report  to  the
 commissioner with respect to all deaths found to have been the result of
 motor  vehicle  or  motorcycle  [accidents]  CRASHES.  Such report shall
 include information on the width and length of trucks, tractors,  trail-
 ers and semitrailers, which are in excess of ninety-five inches in width
 or thirty-four feet in length and which are involved in such [accidents]
 CRASHES,  whether  such  [accident]  CRASH took place in a work area and
 whether it was  being  operated  with  an  overweight  or  overdimension
 permit.    Such report shall distinctly indicate and include information
 as to whether the inflatable restraint  system  inflated  and  deployed.
 Nothing  contained  in  this  subdivision  shall be deemed to preclude a
 police officer from reporting any other [accident] CRASH which,  in  the
 judgment of such police officer, would be required to be reported to the
 commissioner  by  the  operator  of  a  vehicle  pursuant to section six
 hundred five of this article.

 A. 3473                            27
 
   2. In addition to the requirements of subdivision one of this section,
 every police officer or judicial officer to whom [an accident]  A  CRASH
 shall  have  been  reported involving a commercial vehicle as defined in
 either subdivision four of section five hundred one-a or subdivision one
 of  section five hundred nine-p of this chapter shall immediately inves-
 tigate the facts, or cause the same to be investigated  and  report  the
 matter  to  the  commissioner forthwith, provided that the report of the
 [accident] CRASH is made to the police officer or judicial officer with-
 in five days after such [accident] CRASH, whenever such [accident] CRASH
 has resulted in (i) a vehicle being  towed  from  the  [accident]  CRASH
 scene  as  the result of incurring disabling damage, (ii) a fatality, or
 (iii) any individual being transported to a medical facility to  receive
 treatment  as  the result of physical injury sustained in the [accident]
 CRASH.
   § 66. Section 603-a of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by  chap-
 ter  408 of the laws of 2001, subdivision 1 as amended by chapter 489 of
 the laws of 2017 and paragraph (b) of subdivision 1 as amended by  chap-
 ter 27 of the laws of 2018, is amended to read as follows:
   § 603-a. [Accidents] CRASHES; police authorities to investigate.
   1.  In  addition  to  the requirements of section six hundred three of
 this article, whenever a motor vehicle [accident] CRASH results in seri-
 ous physical injury or death to a  person,  and  such  [accident]  CRASH
 either  is discovered by a police officer, or reported to a police offi-
 cer within five days after such [accident] CRASH  occurred,  the  police
 shall conduct an investigation of such [accident] CRASH.
   (a) Such investigation shall be conducted for the purposes of making a
 determination  of  the  following:  the  facts  and circumstances of the
 [accident] CRASH; the type or  types  of  vehicles  involved,  including
 passenger motor vehicles, commercial motor vehicles, motorcycles, limit-
 ed  use  motorcycles,  off-highway motorcycles, and/or bicycles; whether
 pedestrians were involved; the contributing factor or  factors;  whether
 it  can  be  determined  if  a  violation  or violations of this chapter
 occurred, and if so, the specific provisions of this chapter which  were
 violated  and  by  whom;  and, the cause of such [accident] CRASH, where
 such cause can be determined.
   (b) When present at the scene  of  such  accident,  the  investigating
 officer shall also request that all operators of motor vehicles involved
 in  such  [accident] CRASH submit to field testing as defined in section
 eleven hundred ninety-four of this chapter provided there are reasonable
 grounds to believe such motor vehicle operator committed a serious traf-
 fic violation in the same [accident] CRASH.  The results of  such  field
 testing  or  refusal  of  such  testing  shall be included in the police
 investigation report. For the purposes of this section, "serious traffic
 violation" shall mean operating a motor vehicle in violation of  any  of
 the  following  provisions of this chapter: articles twenty-three, twen-
 ty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-eight, twenty-nine  and  thirty
 and sections five hundred eleven, six hundred and twelve hundred twelve.
   (c) The police shall forward a copy of the investigation report to the
 commissioner within five business days of the completion of such report.
   2.  For  purposes  of this section, the following terms shall have the
 following meanings:
   (a) "commercial motor vehicle" shall have the  same  meaning  as  such
 term is defined in either subdivision four of section five hundred one-a
 or subdivision one of section five hundred nine-p of this chapter; and
   (b) "serious physical injury" shall have the same meaning as such term
 is defined in section 10.00 of the penal law.

 A. 3473                            28

   §  67.  Section  603-b  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 chapter 408 of the laws of 2007, is amended to read as follows:
   §  603-b.  [Accidents]  CRASHES;  police  to indicate serious physical
 injury and death  on  simplified  traffic  information  or  summons  and
 compliant.  In addition to the requirements of section six hundred three
 of this article and subdivision twelve of section eleven  hundred  nine-
 ty-two of this chapter, in every case where a law enforcement officer is
 required to report pursuant to section six hundred three of this article
 and  a person is charged with a violation of this chapter arising out of
 such [accident] CRASH, the law enforcement officer alleging such  charge
 shall make a clear notation in the "Description of Violation" section of
 a  simplified  traffic  information, or in an area provided on a summons
 and complaint pursuant to subdivision one of section two  hundred  twen-
 ty-six  of  this  chapter, if, arising out of the same [accident] CRASH,
 someone other than the person charged was  killed  or  suffered  serious
 physical injury as defined in section 10.00 of the penal law; such nota-
 tion  shall  be  in  the  form of a "D" if someone other than the person
 charged was killed and such notation shall be in the form of a  "S.P.I."
 if someone other than the person charged suffered serious physical inju-
 ry; provided however, that the failure to make such notation shall in no
 way affect a charge for a violation of this chapter.
   § 68. Section 604 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 604. Reports;  contents; preparation; distribution; filing.  Reports
 of [accidents] CRASHES required under the preceding  section,  or  under
 the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  commissioner, shall be upon forms
 prepared by him and contain such  information  as  he  shall  prescribe.
 Blank  forms for such reports shall be printed by the commissioner and a
 supply sent to all city, town and village clerks and to the chief  offi-
 cer  of every city police department for general distribution and use as
 herein provided. Reports of  [accidents]  CRASHES,  required  under  the
 preceding  section,  shall be sent to and filed with the commissioner at
 the main office of the bureau of motor vehicles in the city  of  Albany,
 except as otherwise provided by the rules and regulations of the commis-
 sioner.
   §  69. Section 605 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chap-
 ter 254 of the laws of 1989, paragraphs 1 and 2 of  subdivision  (a)  as
 amended  by  chapter 498 of the laws of 1999, paragraph 4 of subdivision
 (a) as amended by chapter 71 of the laws of 2004 and subdivision (c)  as
 amended  by  chapter  161  of  the  laws  of 1996, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 605. Report required upon [accident]  CRASH.  (a)  1.  Every  person
 operating a motor vehicle, except a police officer (as defined in subdi-
 vision  thirty-four  of  section  1.20 of the criminal procedure law), a
 correction officer, or a firefighter, operating a police  department,  a
 correction  department, or fire department vehicle respectively while on
 duty, if a report has been filed by the owner of such vehicle, which  is
 in  any  manner  involved  in [an accident] A CRASH, anywhere within the
 boundaries of this state, in which any person is killed or  injured,  or
 in which damage to the property of any one person, including himself, in
 excess of one thousand dollars is sustained, shall within ten days after
 such [accident] CRASH, report the matter in writing to the commissioner.
 If  such  operator  or  chauffeur be physically incapable of making such
 report and there be another participant  in  the  [accident]  CRASH  not
 incapacitated,  such  participant shall make such report within ten days
 after such [accident] CRASH. If the operator or  chauffeur  involved  in

 A. 3473                            29

 such  [accident]  CRASH  be unable to make such report, the owner of the
 motor vehicle involved in such accident, if such owner be  not  involved
 in  such  [accident] CRASH or incapacitated, shall within ten days after
 he  learns of the fact of such [accident] CRASH report the matter to the
 commissioner together with such information as  may  have  come  to  his
 knowledge  relating  to  such  [accident]  CRASH. Every such operator or
 chauffeur of a motor vehicle, or  participant  in  any  such  [accident]
 CRASH,  or  owner  of  the motor vehicle involved in any such [accident]
 CRASH, shall make such other and additional reports as the  commissioner
 shall require.
   2. Failure to report an [accident] CRASH as herein provided or failure
 to give correctly the information required of him by the commissioner in
 connection  with such report shall be a misdemeanor and shall constitute
 a ground for suspension or revocation of the operator's (or chauffeur's)
 license or all certificates of registration for any motor vehicle, or of
 both, of the person failing to make such report as herein  required.  In
 addition,  the commissioner may temporarily suspend the driver's license
 or permit or certificate of registration of the motor  vehicle  involved
 in the [accident] CRASH, or of both, of the person failing to report [an
 accident]  A CRASH within the period prescribed in paragraph one of this
 subdivision, until such report has been filed. However, no suspension or
 a revocation shall be made of a license or certificate  of  registration
 of  any  police  officer, correction officer, or firefighter involved in
 [an accident] A CRASH while on duty for failure to  report  such  [acci-
 dent]  CRASH  within  ten days thereof if a report has been filed by the
 owner of such vehicle.
   3. In the case of a non-resident the failure to report [an accident] A
 CRASH as herein provided shall constitute ground for suspension or revo-
 cation of his privileges of operating a motor vehicle in this state  and
 of the operation within this state of any motor vehicle owned by him.
   4.  When  a  report required by this section is made by an owner or an
 operator of a fire vehicle, as defined by section one hundred  fifteen-a
 of  this chapter, or a police vehicle, as defined by section one hundred
 thirty-two-a of this chapter, when such [accident] CRASH occurred during
 the operation of such vehicle in response  to  an  emergency  where  the
 operator  was responding to a call to duty as a paid or volunteer member
 of any fire department, or in the case of a police  vehicle,  when  such
 [accident]  CRASH  occurred  during  emergency  operation, as defined by
 section one hundred fourteen-b of this chapter, the  commissioner  shall
 omit  the  event  described  in such report from the operator's external
 license abstract.  Provided, however, the commissioner  shall  not  omit
 the  event described in such report from the operator's external license
 abstract if as a result of such event such operator has either (i)  been
 charged with a violation of this chapter or of the penal law, unless the
 commissioner  receives  evidence that such charge has been dismissed, or
 that the action has otherwise been terminated in favor  of  the  accused
 pursuant  to  section  160.50 of the criminal procedure law, or that the
 charge has otherwise been adjudicated  in  an  administrative  or  other
 proceeding in favor of the defendant operator or (ii) been found to have
 been  grossly  negligent by a final order of a court of competent juris-
 diction.
   (b) Every person operating a bicycle which is in any  manner  involved
 in  [an accident] A CRASH on a public highway in this state in which any
 person is killed, other than the operator, or suffers  serious  physical
 injury  as  defined  pursuant to subdivision ten of section 10.00 of the
 penal law, shall within ten days after such operator learns of the  fact

 A. 3473                            30
 
 of  such  death or serious physical injury, report the matter in writing
 to the commissioner. If such operator is physically incapable of  making
 such report within ten days, he or she shall make the report immediately
 upon  recovery  from  the  physical  incapacity.  If such operator is an
 unemancipated minor who is incapable  of  making  such  report  for  any
 reason,  the  parent or guardian of such operator shall make such report
 within ten days after learning of the fact  of  such  [accident]  CRASH.
 Every  such operator of a bicycle, or parent or guardian of such uneman-
 cipated minor operator, shall make such other and additional reports  as
 the commissioner shall require.
   (c) The report required by this section shall be made in such form and
 number  as  the  commissioner  may  prescribe. Such report shall include
 information on the width and length of trucks,  tractors,  trailers  and
 semitrailers,  which  are  in  excess  of ninety-five inches in width or
 thirty-four feet in length and which are involved  in  such  [accidents]
 CRASHES,  whether  such  [accident]  CRASH took place in a work area and
 whether it was being operated  with  an  overweight  or  over  dimension
 permit. Such report shall distinctly indicate and include information as
 to whether the inflatable restraint system inflated and deployed.
   §  70. Section 606 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter
 429 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   § 606. Processing of required reports. The commissioner, when process-
 ing reports of [accidents] CRASHES filed pursuant to this article, shall
 give priority to reports involving serious physical injury  (as  defined
 in subdivision ten of section 10.00 of the penal law) or death.
   §  71.  Paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section 1111-a of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of part TT of  chapter
 58 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   2.  within  each  borough of such city, the aggregate number, type and
 severity of [accidents] CRASHES reported at intersections where a traff-
 ic-control signal photo violation-monitoring  system  is  used  for  the
 three years preceding the installation of such system, to the extent the
 information  is  maintained  by the department of motor vehicles of this
 state;
   3. within each borough of such city, the aggregate  number,  type  and
 severity of [accidents] CRASHES reported at intersections where a traff-
 ic-control  signal  photo  violation-monitoring  system  is used for the
 reporting year, as well as for the preceding three years that the traff-
 ic-control signal photo  violation-monitoring  system  has  been  opera-
 tional, to the extent the information is maintained by the department of
 motor vehicles of this state;
   §  72.  Paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (n) of section 1111-b of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 11 of part TT of  chapter
 58 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   2.  the  aggregate  number,  type  and severity of [accidents] CRASHES
 reported at intersections where a traffic-control  signal  photo  viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the three years preceding the instal-
 lation  of  such  system, to the extent the information is maintained by
 the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   3. the aggregate number, type  and  severity  of  [accidents]  CRASHES
 reported  at  intersections  where a traffic-control signal photo viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the reporting year, as  well  as  for
 each  year  that  the  traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring
 system has been operational, to the extent the information is maintained
 by the department of motor vehicles of this state;

 A. 3473                            31
 
   § 73. Paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section 1111-b  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law, as amended by section 12 of part TT of chapter
 58 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   2.  the  aggregate  number,  type  and severity of [accidents] CRASHES
 reported at intersections where a traffic-control  signal  photo  viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the three years preceding the instal-
 lation  of  such  system, to the extent the information is maintained by
 the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   3. the aggregate number, type  and  severity  of  [accidents]  CRASHES
 reported  at  intersections  where a traffic-control signal photo viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the reporting year, as  well  as  for
 each  year  that  the  traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring
 system has been operational, to the extent the information is maintained
 by the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   § 74. Paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (n) of section 1111-b  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law, as amended by section 13 of part TT of chapter
 58 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   2. the aggregate number, type  and  severity  of  [accidents]  CRASHES
 reported  at  intersections  where a traffic-control signal photo viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the three years preceding the instal-
 lation of such system, to the extent the information  is  maintained  by
 the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   3.  the  aggregate  number,  type  and severity of [accidents] CRASHES
 reported at intersections where a traffic-control  signal  photo  viola-
 tion-monitoring  system  is  used for the reporting year, as well as for
 each year that the  traffic-control  signal  photo  violation-monitoring
 system has been operational, to the extent the information is maintained
 by the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   §  75.  Paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section 1111-d of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 14 of part TT of  chapter
 58 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   2.  the  aggregate  number,  type  and severity of [accidents] CRASHES
 reported at intersections where a traffic-control  signal  photo  viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the three years preceding the instal-
 lation  of  such  system, to the extent the information is maintained by
 the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   3. the aggregate number, type  and  severity  of  [accidents]  CRASHES
 reported  at  intersections  where a traffic-control signal photo viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the reporting year, as  well  as  for
 each  year  that  the  traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring
 system has been operational, to the extent the information is maintained
 by the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   § 76. Paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section 1111-d  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law, as amended by section 15 of part TT of chapter
 58 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   2. the aggregate number, type  and  severity  of  [accidents]  CRASHES
 reported  at  intersections  where a traffic-control signal photo viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the three years preceding the instal-
 lation of such system, to the extent the information  is  maintained  by
 the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   3.  the  aggregate  number,  type  and severity of [accidents] CRASHES
 reported at intersections where a traffic-control  signal  photo  viola-
 tion-monitoring  system  is  used for the reporting year, as well as for
 each year that the  traffic-control  signal  photo  violation-monitoring
 system has been operational, to the extent the information is maintained
 by the department of motor vehicles of this state;

 A. 3473                            32
 
   §  77.  Paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section 1111-d of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 16 of part TT of  chapter
 58 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   2.  the  aggregate  number,  type  and severity of [accidents] CRASHES
 reported at intersections where a traffic-control  signal  photo  viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the three years preceding the instal-
 lation  of  such  system, to the extent the information is maintained by
 the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   3. the aggregate number, type  and  severity  of  [accidents]  CRASHES
 reported  at  intersections  where a traffic-control signal photo viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the reporting year, as  well  as  for
 each  year  that  the  traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring
 system has been operational, to the extent the information is maintained
 by the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   § 78. Paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section 1111-e  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law, as amended by section 17 of part TT of chapter
 58 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   2. the aggregate number, type  and  severity  of  [accidents]  CRASHES
 reported  at  intersections  where a traffic-control signal photo viola-
 tion-monitoring system is used for the three years preceding the instal-
 lation of such system, to the extent the information  is  maintained  by
 the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   3.  the  aggregate  number,  type  and severity of [accidents] CRASHES
 reported at intersections where a traffic-control  signal  photo  viola-
 tion-monitoring  system  is  used for the reporting year, as well as for
 each year that the  traffic-control  signal  photo  violation-monitoring
 system has been operational, to the extent the information is maintained
 by the department of motor vehicles of this state;
   § 79. Section 1131 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chap-
 ter 294 of the laws of 2016, is amended to read as follows:
   § 1131. Driving on shoulders and slopes. Except for bicycles and those
 classes  of vehicles required to travel on shoulders or slopes, no motor
 vehicle shall be driven over, across, along, or within any  shoulder  or
 slope  of  any  state  controlled-access  highway  except  at a location
 specifically authorized and posted by the department of  transportation.
 The  foregoing limitation shall not prevent tow trucks from using shoul-
 ders or slopes in as limited and incidental a manner as practicable when
 dispatched to the scene of [an accident] A CRASH by  a  law  enforcement
 agency  or  an  authority, department or agency having jurisdiction over
 such controlled-access highway and all lanes are obstructed by  traffic,
 provided,  however, that the foregoing shall not relieve the driver of a
 tow truck from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety  of  all
 persons  nor  shall such provision protect the tow truck driver from the
 consequences of his or her reckless disregard for the safety  of  others
 and  shall  at  all  times operate such tow truck in compliance with all
 standards of care imposed  to  prevent  those  injuries  or  damages  to
 persons  or  property  of  another  which may result from the operator's
 negligence, recklessness or intentional misconduct, nor shall it prevent
 motor vehicles from using shoulders or slopes when  directed  by  police
 officers  or  flagpersons, nor does it prevent motor vehicles from stop-
 ping, standing, or parking on shoulders or slopes where  such  stopping,
 standing, or parking is lawful.
   §  80.  Paragraph  1 of subdivision (c) of section 1146 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by chapter 333  of  the  laws  of  2010,  is
 amended to read as follows:

 A. 3473                            33
 
   1.  A  driver of a motor vehicle who causes serious physical injury as
 defined in article ten of the penal law to  a  pedestrian  or  bicyclist
 while  failing  to  exercise due care in violation of subdivision (a) of
 this section, shall be guilty of a traffic infraction  punishable  by  a
 fine of not more than seven hundred fifty dollars or by imprisonment for
 not more than fifteen days or by required participation in a motor vehi-
 cle  [accident]  CRASH  prevention course pursuant to paragraph (e-1) of
 subdivision two of section 65.10 of the penal law or by any  combination
 of  such fine, imprisonment or course, and by suspension of a license or
 registration pursuant to subparagraph (xiv) or (xv) of  paragraph  b  of
 subdivision two of section five hundred ten of this chapter.
   §  81.  Paragraph  2 of subdivision (c) of section 1170 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by chapter 501  of  the  laws  of  2016,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   2.  Any  person  convicted of a violation of this section resulting in
 [an accident] A CRASH which causes physical  injury,  as  that  term  is
 defined  pursuant to subdivision nine of section 10.00 of the penal law,
 serious physical injury, as that term is defined pursuant to subdivision
 ten of section 10.00 of the penal law, or death to another person, shall
 be guilty of a class E felony.
   § 82. Subdivision 1 of section 1180-a of the vehicle and traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  chapter  464 of the laws of 2003, is amended to read as
 follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no city, village, town,
 county, public authority, division, office or department  of  the  state
 shall  maintain  or  create  (a) any speed limit in excess of fifty-five
 miles per hour on any road, highway, parkway or bridge or (b) any  speed
 limit  on  any other portion of a public highway, which is not uniformly
 applicable to all types of motor vehicles using such portion of highway,
 if on November first, nineteen hundred seventy-three,  such  portion  of
 highway had a speed limit which was uniformly applicable to all types of
 motor  vehicles  using  it; provided however, a lower speed limit may be
 established for any vehicle operating under a special permit because  of
 any weight or dimension of such vehicle, including any load thereon, and
 (c)  provided further, paragraph (b) of this subdivision shall not apply
 to any portion of a highway during such time that the condition  of  the
 highway,  weather,  [an  accident] A CRASH, or other condition creates a
 temporary hazard to the safety of traffic on such portion of a  highway.
 However, the commissioner of the department of transportation may estab-
 lish a maximum speed limit of not more than sixty-five miles per hour on
 any  state  roadway  which  meets  department  criteria for such maximum
 speed.
   § 83. Subdivision 1 of section 1194 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 47 of the laws of 1988, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Arrest  and  field  testing.  (a)  Arrest.    Notwithstanding  the
 provisions  of  section  140.10  of the criminal procedure law, a police
 officer may, without a warrant, arrest a person, in case of a  violation
 of subdivision one of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article,
 if  such violation is coupled with [an accident] A CRASH or collision in
 which such person is involved, which in fact has been committed,  though
 not  in  the  police officer's presence, when the officer has reasonable
 cause to believe that the violation was committed by such person.
   (b) Field testing. Every person operating a motor  vehicle  which  has
 been involved in [an accident] A CRASH or which is operated in violation
 of  any  of  the  provisions  of this chapter shall, at the request of a
 police officer, submit to a breath test to be administered by the police

 A. 3473                            34

 officer. If such test indicates that such operator has consumed alcohol,
 the police officer may request such operator to  submit  to  a  chemical
 test in the manner set forth in subdivision two of this section.
   §  84.  Paragraph  (f) of subdivision 5 of section 1197 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as added by chapter 47 of the laws of 1988, is  amended
 to read as follows:
   (f)  Obtain  and  assemble  data  on  alcohol-related [accident] CRASH
 arrests, convictions and [accidents] CRASHES and to analyze, study,  and
 consolidate  such  data  for  educational,  research  and  informational
 purposes.
   § 85. Section 1229-a of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chap-
 ter 654 of the laws of 1969 and as renumbered by chapter 274 of the laws
 of 1971, is amended to read as follows:
   § 1229-a. Pedestrians, animals, and non-motorized vehicles  prohibited
 on  state expressway highways or state interstate route highways includ-
 ing the entrances thereto and exits therefrom. No person, unless  other-
 wise directed by a police officer shall: (a) As a pedestrian, occupy any
 space  within  the  limits of a state expressway highway or state inter-
 state route highway, including the entrances thereto  and  exits  there-
 from,  except:  in a rest area, parking area, or scenic overlook; in the
 performance of public works or official duties; as a result of an  emer-
 gency caused by [an accident] A CRASH or breakdown of a motor vehicle or
 to  obtain assistance; where a sidewalk, footpath or pedestrian crossing
 of such a highway is provided; (b) Occupy any space of a state  express-
 way  highway  or state interstate route highway, including the entrances
 thereto and exits  therefrom,  with:  an  animal-drawn  vehicle;  herded
 animals,  a  pushcart;  a  bicycle;  except in the performance of public
 works or official duties, or on paths or parts of such highway  provided
 for such uses.
   §  86. Paragraph (b) of subdivision 2 of section 1229-b of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as added by chapter 19 of the laws of 2000, is  amended
 to read as follows:
   (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section to the contra-
 ry, standing passengers may be permitted without limitation as to number
 during the first ten days of session in each school year, and in circum-
 stances  where a breakdown, [accident] CRASH, or other unforeseen occur-
 rence necessitates the transportation of standing passengers.
   § 87. Subdivision (a) of section 1602 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  chapter  498 of the laws of 1969, is amended to read as
 follows:
   (a) Whenever a police officer shall deem it advisable during a fire or
 at the time of any [accident] CRASH or special emergency  and  only  for
 such  period of time as is necessitated thereby for the public safety or
 convenience, temporarily to close any street or part thereof to  vehicu-
 lar  traffic,  or to vehicles of a certain description, or to divert the
 traffic thereof, or to divert or break a course of  pedestrian  traffic,
 such official shall have power and authority to do so.
   §  88.  Subdivision 19 of section 1630 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by chapter 795 of the laws of 1974, is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   19.  Vehicles  illegally  parked,  stopped  or  standing,  or vehicles
 involved in [accidents] CRASHES, including,  but  not  limited  to,  the
 removal  and storage of such vehicles, the fixing of reasonable charges,
 to be paid by the owner, operator or person entitled to possession,  for
 such  removal  and storage and for other expenses incurred in connection
 therewith, the creation of liens on such vehicles for such  charges  and

 A. 3473                            35
 
 expenses,  the enforcement of such liens, the determination of ownership
 or right to possession of such vehicles, the time before  such  vehicles
 are  deemed  abandoned vehicles pursuant to section twelve hundred twen-
 ty-four  of  this  chapter, and the disposition of the proceeds of sales
 held pursuant to said section.
   § 89. Paragraph 20 of subdivision (a) of section 1642 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by  chapter 795 of the laws of 1974, is
 amended to read as follows:
   20. Vehicles  illegally  parked,  stopped  or  standing,  or  vehicles
 involved  in  [accidents]  CRASHES,  including,  but not limited to, the
 removal and storage of such vehicles, the fixing of reasonable  charges,
 to  be paid by the owner, operator or person entitled to possession, for
 such removal and storage and for other expenses incurred  in  connection
 therewith,  the  creation of liens on such vehicles for such charges and
 expenses, the enforcement of such liens, the determination of  ownership
 or  right  to possession of such vehicles, the time before such vehicles
 are deemed abandoned vehicles pursuant to section twelve  hundred  twen-
 ty-four  of  this  chapter, and the disposition of the proceeds of sales
 held pursuant to said section.
   § 90. Clause (iii) of subparagraph (b) of paragraph 27 of  subdivision
 (a)  of section 1642 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chap-
 ter 248 of the laws of 2014, is amended to read as follows:
   (iii) a comparison of the aggregate  type,  number,  and  severity  of
 [accidents] CRASHES reported on streets on which street calming measures
 and lower speed limits were implemented in the year preceding the imple-
 mentation  of  such  measures  and  policies  and the year following the
 implementation of such measures and policies, to the extent this  infor-
 mation is maintained by any agency of the state or the city.
   § 91. Section 1675 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chap-
 ter 669 of the laws of 1996, is amended to read as follows:
   § 1675. Functions of the board. The board is authorized:
   1. To promote and encourage street and highway traffic safety.
   2.  To  formulate  highway  safety  programs and coordinate efforts of
 interested parties and agencies  engaged  in  traffic  safety  education
 within such city, town, borough or county.
   3.  To cooperate with local officials in the formulation and execution
 of traffic safety programs and activities.
   4. To study traffic conditions on  streets  and  highways,  study  and
 analyze reports of [accidents] CRASHES and causes thereof, and recommend
 to  the appropriate legislative bodies, departments or commissions, such
 changes in rules, orders, regulations and existing law as the board  may
 deem advisable.
   5.  To  conduct meetings whenever and wherever the board shall deem it
 advisable and to invite to such meetings parties  and  agencies,  public
 and private, interested in traffic regulation, control and safety educa-
 tion.
   6. To promote safety education for drivers and pedestrians.
   7.  To obtain and assemble motor vehicle [accident] CRASH data, and to
 analyze, study and consolidate such data for  educational  and  informa-
 tional purposes.
   8.  Coordinate  and direct local activities related to the implementa-
 tion of the state highway safety program, as approved by the governor or
 his designee.
   § 92. Subdivision 10 of section 2401 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  added  by  chapter  402  of  the laws of 1986, is amended to read as
 follows:

 A. 3473                            36

   10. "Operation as emergency vehicle" shall mean the operation or park-
 ing of an authorized emergency ATV, police or civil defense ATV, includ-
 ing attendant equipment, displaying  emergency  lights  as  provided  in
 section twenty-four hundred six of this article and which ATV is engaged
 in transporting a sick or injured person to the nearest medical facility
 or  appropriate  site for transfer to an ambulance as defined in article
 thirty  of  the  public  health  law,  transporting  emergency   medical
 services,  personnel  and equipment to sick or injured persons, pursuing
 an actual or suspected violator of the law or responding to, or  working
 or  assisting  at  the  scene of [an accident] A CRASH, disaster, police
 call, alarm or other emergency but shall not include returning from such
 service.
   § 93. Section 2413 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter
 402 of the laws of 1986, is amended to read as follows:
   § 2413. [Accidents] CRASHES; reports.  1.  The  operator  of  any  ATV
 involved  in  any  [accident] CRASH resulting in injuries to or death of
 any person or in which property damage in the estimated  amount  of  six
 hundred dollars or more is sustained, shall immediately notify the near-
 est  law  enforcement agency and shall within ten days after such [acci-
 dent] CRASH report the matter in writing to the department, with a  copy
 thereof  to  the  sheriff  or police commissioner of the county in which
 said [accident] CRASH occurred. If such operator is physically incapable
 of making such report and there is another participant in the [accident]
 CRASH not so incapacitated such participant shall make the report within
 the allotted time after such [accident] CRASH. In the event  that  there
 is  no  other participant and the operator is other than the owner, then
 the owner shall within the prescribed period of time, after learning  of
 the facts of such [accident] CRASH, report the matter to the department,
 together  with such information as may have come to his knowledge relat-
 ing to such [accident] CRASH.  Every such operator of an ATV, or partic-
 ipant of any such [accident] CRASH, or the owner, of the ATV involved in
 any such [accident] CRASH, shall make such other and additional  reports
 as the commissioner shall require.
   2.  Whenever any ATV meets with [an accident] A CRASH involving a loss
 of life, personal injury or damage to property and the operator  thereof
 has  knowledge of such [accident] CRASH, he shall stop and give his name
 and address, the name and address of the owner thereof and the registra-
 tion number assigned to said ATV to the injured  person  or  the  person
 sustaining the damage, or to a peace or police officer. In the event the
 person  sustaining  the  damage  is  not  present at the place where the
 damage occurred, the operator shall, as soon as physically able,  report
 the same to the nearest law enforcement agency.
   3.  A  peace, police, or judicial officer who investigates or receives
 information of [an accident] A CRASH involving an ATV shall make a writ-
 ten report of the investigation or information received, and such  addi-
 tional  facts  relating to the [accident] CRASH as may come to his know-
 ledge and mail the same within forty-eight hours to the  department  and
 keep a record thereof in his office.
   4.  Failure  of  any  person to report [an accident] A CRASH as herein
 provided or failure to give correctly the information required of him by
 the commissioner in connection with such report shall be  a  misdemeanor
 and  shall  constitute  a ground for suspension or revocation of the ATV
 safety certificate of any person or the certificate of  registration  of
 any  ATV  involved in the [accident] CRASH.  The commissioner may tempo-
 rarily suspend the ATV safety certificate of the person failing to  make

 A. 3473                            37
 
 such  report  or  the certificate of registration of the ATV involved in
 the [accident] CRASH until such report has been filed.
   §  94.  Section 3650-c of the education law, as added by section 71 of
 part A of chapter 436 of the  laws  of  1997,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   §  3650-c.  [Accident]  CRASH  report  data base. The commissioner, in
 consultation with the commissioner of motor vehicles, shall establish an
 electronic data file containing [accident]  CRASH  reports  relating  to
 school buses.
   §  95. Clause (A) of subparagraph 61 of paragraph (g) of subdivision 5
 of section 396-z of the general business law, as amended by chapter  109
 of the laws of 2018, is amended to read as follows:
   (A)  a  motor  vehicle [accident] CRASH report pursuant to section six
 hundred five of the vehicle and traffic law; or
   § 96. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 6 of section 396-z of  the  general
 business  law, as amended by chapter 109 of the laws of 2018, is amended
 to read as follows:
   (a) A rental vehicle company may hold an authorized driver  liable  to
 the  extent  permitted  under  this  chapter  for physical or mechanical
 damage to the rental vehicle that occurs  during  the  time  the  rental
 vehicle  is  under  the  rental  agreement;  provided,  however, that an
 authorized driver shall not be liable for any normal wear  and  tear  or
 mechanical  damage  that could reasonably be expected from normal use of
 the vehicle. For the purposes of this subdivision, the term "normal wear
 and tear" shall mean the deterioration of the condition of  the  vehicle
 or its component parts due to repetitive use and does not include damage
 that  materially  diminishes  the value of the vehicle and arises from a
 specific occurrence or [accident] CRASH during the time the rental vehi-
 cle is subject to the rental agreement; and the term "actual and reason-
 able costs" shall mean the cost to  repair  the  vehicle  including  all
 discounts  and price adjustments available to the rental vehicle company
 and shall include costs for towing,  storage,  and  impound  fees  where
 applicable.
   §  97.  Paragraph 1 of subsection (f) of section 3420 of the insurance
 law, as amended by section 19 of part III of chapter 59 of the  laws  of
 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   (1)  No  policy insuring against loss resulting from liability imposed
 by law for bodily injury or death suffered by any natural person arising
 out of the ownership, maintenance and use  of  a  motor  vehicle  or  an
 altered  motor  vehicle  commonly  referred  to as a "stretch limousine"
 having a seating capacity of eight or more passengers used in the  busi-
 ness  of  carrying  or  transporting passengers for hire, by the insured
 shall be issued or delivered by any authorized insurer  upon  any  motor
 vehicle  or  an altered motor vehicle commonly referred to as a "stretch
 limousine" having a seating capacity of eight or more passengers used in
 the business of carrying or transporting passengers for hire, then prin-
 cipally garaged or principally used in this state unless it  contains  a
 provision whereby the insurer agrees that it will pay to the insured, as
 defined in such provision, subject to the terms and conditions set forth
 therein  to be prescribed by the board of directors of the Motor Vehicle
 [Accident] CRASH Indemnification Corporation and approved by the  super-
 intendent,  all sums, not exceeding a maximum amount or limit of twenty-
 five thousand dollars exclusive of interest and  costs,  on  account  of
 injury to and all sums, not exceeding a maximum amount or limit of fifty
 thousand dollars exclusive of interest and costs, on account of death of
 one  person,  in  any  one  [accident]  CRASH, and the maximum amount or

 A. 3473                            38
 
 limit, subject to such limit for any one  person  so  injured  of  fifty
 thousand dollars or so killed of one hundred thousand dollars, exclusive
 of  interest  and costs, on account of injury to, or death of, more than
 one  person  in any one [accident] CRASH, which the insured or his legal
 representative shall be entitled to recover as damages from an owner  or
 operator of an uninsured motor vehicle, unidentified motor vehicle which
 leaves the scene of [an accident] A CRASH, a motor vehicle registered in
 this state as to which at the time of the [accident] CRASH there was not
 in  effect  a  policy  of liability insurance, a stolen vehicle, a motor
 vehicle operated without permission of the owner, an insured motor vehi-
 cle where the insurer disclaims  liability  or  denies  coverage  or  an
 unregistered  vehicle  because  of  bodily  injury, sickness or disease,
 including death resulting therefrom, sustained by the insured, caused by
 [accident] A CRASH occurring in this state and arising out of the owner-
 ship, maintenance or use of such motor vehicle. No payment for  non-eco-
 nomic loss shall be made under such policy provision to a covered person
 unless  such  person  has  incurred  a serious injury, as such terms are
 defined in section five thousand one hundred two of this  chapter.  Such
 policy  shall  not duplicate any element of basic economic loss provided
 for under article fifty-one of this chapter. No payments of first  party
 benefits  for  basic  economic  loss made pursuant to such article shall
 diminish the obligations of the insurer under this policy provision  for
 the  payment  of  non-economic loss and economic loss in excess of basic
 economic loss.  Notwithstanding any inconsistent provisions  of  section
 three thousand four hundred twenty-five of this article, any such policy
 which does not contain the aforesaid provisions shall be construed as if
 such provisions were embodied therein.
   §  98.  Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of subsection (a) of section 5102 of the
 insurance law, paragraph 1 as amended by chapter 298 of the laws of 2006
 and paragraph 2 as amended by chapter 320  of  the  laws  of  1991,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   (1)  All  necessary  expenses  incurred  for:  (i)  medical,  hospital
 (including services rendered in compliance with article forty-one of the
 public health law, whether or not such services are rendered directly by
 a hospital), surgical, nursing, dental, ambulance,  x-ray,  prescription
 drug   and  prosthetic  services;  (ii)  psychiatric,  physical  therapy
 (provided that treatment is rendered pursuant to a referral) and occupa-
 tional therapy and rehabilitation; (iii) any non-medical  remedial  care
 and  treatment rendered in accordance with a religious method of healing
 recognized by the laws of this state; and (iv)  any  other  professional
 health services; all without limitation as to time, provided that within
 one year after the date of the [accident] CRASH causing the injury it is
 ascertainable  that  further expenses may be incurred as a result of the
 injury. For the purpose of determining basic economic loss, the expenses
 incurred under this paragraph shall be in accordance  with  the  limita-
 tions of section five thousand one hundred eight of this article.
   (2)  Loss  of earnings from work which the person would have performed
 had he not been injured, and reasonable and necessary expenses  incurred
 by such person in obtaining services in lieu of those that he would have
 performed  for income, up to two thousand dollars per month for not more
 than three years from the date of the [accident] CRASH causing the inju-
 ry. An employee who is entitled to receive monetary  payments,  pursuant
 to  statute  or  contract  with  the employer, or who receives voluntary
 monetary benefits paid for by the employer, by reason of the  employee's
 inability  to  work because of personal injury arising out of the use or
 operation of a motor vehicle, is not entitled  to  receive  first  party

 A. 3473                            39
 
 benefits  for "loss of earnings from work" to the extent that such mone-
 tary payments or benefits from the employer do not result in the employ-
 ee suffering a reduction in income or  a  reduction  in  the  employee's
 level of future benefits arising from a subsequent illness or injury.
   (3)  All other reasonable and necessary expenses incurred, up to twen-
 ty-five dollars per day for not more than one year from the date of  the
 [accident] CRASH causing the injury.
   §  99.  Paragraph 1 of subsection (d) of section 5106 of the insurance
 law, as amended by section 8 of part AAA of chapter 59 of  the  laws  of
 2017, is amended to read as follows:
   (1)  Except  as  provided  in  paragraph two of this subsection, where
 there is reasonable belief more than one insurer would be the source  of
 first  party benefits, the insurers may agree among themselves, if there
 is a valid basis therefor, that one of them  will  accept  and  pay  the
 claim  initially.  If there is no such agreement, then the first insurer
 to whom notice of claim is given shall be responsible for  payment.  Any
 such dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the arbitration proce-
 dures  established pursuant to section five thousand one hundred five of
 this article and regulations as promulgated by the  superintendent,  and
 any  insurer  paying  first-party  benefits shall be reimbursed by other
 insurers for their proportionate share of the costs of the claim and the
 allocated expenses of processing  the  claim,  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  entitled  "other  coverage"  contained in regulation and the
 provisions entitled "other sources of first-party benefits" contained in
 regulation. If there is no such insurer and the motor vehicle [accident]
 CRASH occurs in this state, then an applicant who is a qualified  person
 as  defined  in  article  fifty-two  of this chapter shall institute the
 claim against the motor vehicle [accident] CRASH indemnification  corpo-
 ration.
   §  100.  The  article  heading  of  article 52 of the insurance law is
 amended to read as follows:
              MOTOR VEHICLE [ACCIDENT] CRASH INDEMNIFICATION
                                CORPORATION
   § 101. Subsections (f) and (j) of section 5202 of  the  insurance  law
 are amended to read as follows:
   (f) "Corporation" means the "motor vehicle [accident] CRASH indemnifi-
 cation corporation".
   (j) "Financially irresponsible motorist" means the owner, operator, or
 other person legally responsible for the operation of an uninsured motor
 vehicle  involved  in [an accident] A CRASH resulting in personal injury
 or death who did not have in effect at the time of such [accident] CRASH
 either:
   (1) a valid and collectible policy  of  bodily  injury  liability  and
 property  damage  liability  insurance or bond with applicable limits at
 least equal to those specified in section three hundred  eleven  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law; or
   (2)  a certificate of self insurance issued by the department of motor
 vehicles pursuant to section three hundred sixteen of  the  vehicle  and
 traffic law; or
   (3)  who  has  not  otherwise  complied with the provisions of section
 three hundred twelve of the vehicle and traffic law; or
   (4) who does not have in effect at the time of such [accident] CRASH a
 valid and collectible policy of bodily  injury  liability  and  property
 damage  liability  insurance  with  applicable  limits at least equal to
 those specified in section 25.13 of the parks, recreation  and  historic
 preservation law.

 A. 3473                            40
 
   §  102. Subsection (f) of section 7602 of the insurance law is amended
 to read as follows:
   (f) "Motor  vehicle  [accident]  CRASH"  means  either [an accident] A
 CRASH occurring within or without this state arising out of  the  owner-
 ship,  operation  or maintenance of a motor vehicle which is principally
 garaged in this state or [an accident] A  CRASH  occurring  within  this
 state  arising out of the ownership, operation or maintenance of a motor
 vehicle which is not principally garaged in this state.
   § 103. Section 301-c of the military law, as added by chapter  489  of
 the laws of 2011, is amended to read as follows:
   §  301-c. [Accident] CRASH prevention course information. The division
 of military and naval affairs shall  provide  returning  servicemen  and
 women  who  have  returned from a combat theater or combat zone of oper-
 ations  with  information  about  [accident]  CRASH  prevention  courses
 approved  by  the  commissioner  of  motor  vehicles pursuant to article
 twelve-B of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law.  This  information  may  be
 provided  in written form to be available at Yellow Ribbon Reintegration
 programs or any other reintegration programs offered by the division  or
 may  be  made  available  online on the division's website. The division
 shall also provide a link to the department of  motor  vehicles  website
 pages  containing  information  about  the  [accident]  CRASH prevention
 courses.
   § 104. Paragraph (e-1) of subdivision 2 of section 65.10 of the  penal
 law,  as added by chapter 571 of the laws of 2006, is amended to read as
 follows:
   (e-1) Participate in  a  motor  vehicle  [accident]  CRASH  prevention
 course.  The  court  may  require such condition where a person has been
 convicted of a traffic infraction for a violation of article  twenty-six
 of  the  vehicle  and traffic law where the commission of such violation
 caused the serious physical injury  or  death  of  another  person.  For
 purposes  of  this  paragraph,  the term "motor vehicle [accident] CRASH
 prevention  course"  shall  mean  a  motor  vehicle   [accident]   CRASH
 prevention  course approved by the department of motor vehicles pursuant
 to article twelve-B of the vehicle and traffic law;
   § 105. Section 387 of the public authorities law, as added by  chapter
 700 of the laws of 2004, is amended to read as follows:
   § 387. Fees for searches and copies of [accident] CRASH and [accident]
 CRASH  reconstruction  reports.  Notwithstanding  any  other  law to the
 contrary, the fees for searching the records of the  authority  for  [an
 accident] A CRASH report, for furnishing a copy of [an accident] A CRASH
 report,  and  for  furnishing  a  copy  of  [an accident] A CRASH recon-
 struction report shall not exceed the fees charged by  the  division  of
 state  police pursuant to section sixty-six-a of the public officers law
 and/or by the department of  motor  vehicles  pursuant  to  section  two
 hundred  two  of the vehicle and traffic law, provided, however, that no
 fee shall be charged to any public officer, board or body, or  volunteer
 fire  company,  for searches or copies of [accident] CRASH reports to be
 used for a public purpose.
   § 106. Section 66-a of the public officers law, as amended by  chapter
 169 of the laws of 1994 and subdivision 3 as added by chapter 179 of the
 laws of 2000, is amended to read as follows:
   § 66-a. [Accident] CRASH reports kept by police authorities to be open
 to  the  inspection of persons interested. 1. Notwithstanding any incon-
 sistent provisions of law, general, special or local, or any  limitation
 contained  in the provision of any city charter, all reports and records
 of any [accident] CRASH, kept or maintained by the state  police  or  by

 A. 3473                            41
 
 the  police  department  or  force of any county, city, town, village or
 other district of the state, shall be open  to  the  inspection  of  any
 person  having  an  interest  therein,  or  of such person's attorney or
 agent,  even though the state or a municipal corporation or other subdi-
 vision thereof may have been involved in the  [accident]  CRASH;  except
 that  the  authorities  having  custody  of  such reports or records may
 prescribe reasonable rules and regulations in regard  to  the  time  and
 manner  of such inspection, and may withhold from inspection any reports
 or records the disclosure of which would  interfere  with  the  investi-
 gation  or  prosecution  by  such  authorities of a crime involved in or
 connected with the [accident] CRASH.
   2. Notwithstanding the  provisions  of  section  twenty-three  hundred
 seven  of  the civil practice law and rules, the public officers law, or
 any other law to the contrary, the division of state police shall charge
 fees for the search and copy of  [accident]  CRASH  reports  and  photo-
 graphs.  A  search  fee  of  fifteen dollars per [accident] CRASH report
 shall be charged, with no additional fee for a photocopy. An  additional
 fee  of  fifteen  dollars  shall  be charged for a certified copy of any
 [accident] CRASH report. A fee of twenty-five dollars per photograph  or
 contact  sheet  shall  be  charged.   The fees for investigative reports
 shall be the same as those for [accident] CRASH reports.
   3. Notwithstanding the  provisions  of  section  twenty-three  hundred
 seven  of  the  civil practice law and rules, this chapter, or any other
 law to the contrary, the county of Nassau, upon adoption of a local law,
 is hereby authorized to require the police department of the  county  of
 Nassau  to  charge  fees  for  the  search  and copy of [accident] CRASH
 reports and photographs. A search fee  of  ten  dollars  per  [accident]
 CRASH  report  shall be charged, with no additional fee for a photocopy.
 An additional fee of ten dollars shall be charged for a  certified  copy
 of  any [accident] CRASH report. A fee of fifteen dollars per photograph
 or contact sheet shall be charged. The fees  for  investigative  reports
 shall be the same as those for [accident] CRASH reports.
   §  107. Section 89-g of the state finance law, as added by chapter 751
 of the laws of 2005, subdivisions 2 and 3 as renumbered by section 2  of
 part D of chapter 58 of the laws of 2016, is amended to read as follows:
   §  89-g.  [Accident] CRASH prevention course internet, and other tech-
 nology pilot program fund. 1. There is hereby established in  the  joint
 custody  of  the  state comptroller and the commissioner of taxation and
 finance a special fund to be known as the "[accident]  CRASH  prevention
 course internet, and other technology pilot program fund".
   2.  The moneys in the [accident] CRASH prevention course internet, and
 other technology pilot program fund shall be kept separate and shall not
 be commingled with any other moneys in the custody of  the  commissioner
 of taxation and finance and the state comptroller.
   3.  The moneys in such fund shall be expended only for the purposes of
 administering and implementing the provisions of article twelve-C of the
 vehicle and traffic law by the department of motor vehicles.
   § 108. Section 217 of the transportation law, as added by chapter  428
 of  the  laws  of 1983, subdivision 5 as amended, subdivision 7 as added
 and subdivision 8 as renumbered by chapter 84 of the laws  of  1985  and
 subdivision  9 as added by section 1 of part C of chapter 58 of the laws
 of 2018, is amended to read as follows:
   § 217. Powers and duties of  the  board.  The  board  shall  have  the
 following powers and duties:

 A. 3473                            42
 
   1. To investigate [accidents] CRASHES occurring on or involving public
 transportation facilities or systems whether publicly or privately owned
 and report on the results of such investigations;
   2.  To  establish  within  the  board  [an accident] A CRASH reporting
 procedure and file for the purpose of accurate analysis of public trans-
 portation safety and to prepare an annual [accident]  CRASH  report  for
 the governor and the legislature;
   3.  To  review,  in  connection  with the investigation of [accidents]
 CRASHES, the safety, maintenance and training programs of public  trans-
 portation  facilities or systems whether publicly or privately owned and
 recommend  the  establishment  of  equipment  and  safety  standards  in
 connection therewith;
   4.  To  adopt,  promulgate, amend and rescind suitable rules and regu-
 lations to carry out the provisions and purposes of this article  or  to
 enforce any standards established hereunder;
   5.  To hold hearings, issue reports, administer oaths or affirmations,
 examine any person under oath or  affirmation  and  to  issue  subpoenas
 requiring  the  attendance  and  giving  of  testimony  of witnesses and
 require the production  of  any  books,  papers,  documentary  or  other
 evidence.  The  powers  provided in this subdivision may be delegated by
 the board to any member of the board or department employee assigned  to
 the  board.  A subpoena issued under this subdivision shall be regulated
 by the civil practice law and rules;
   6. To take or cause to be taken affidavits or  depositions  within  or
 without the state;
   7. To enter upon any property where a public transportation [accident]
 CRASH  has  occurred,  or  where  a  vehicle, appurtenance or other item
 involved in any  such  [accident]  CRASH  is  located,  to  fulfill  the
 requirements of article nine-b of this chapter.
   8.  To render each year to the governor and to the legislature a writ-
 ten report of its activities.
   9. To enforce the requirements of section five thousand three  hundred
 twenty-nine  of  title  forty-nine of the United States Code, as amended
 from time to time, as it pertains to oversight of  rail  fixed  guideway
 public transportation systems.
   § 109. Wherever the term "accident" appears in the vehicle and traffic
 law, such term is hereby changed to "crash".
   §  110.  This  act  shall  take effect immediately; provided, however,
 that:
   a. the amendments to article 12-C of the vehicle and traffic law, made
 by sections forty-two through forty-seven of this act shall  not  affect
 the repeal of such article and shall be deemed repealed therewith;
   b.  the amendments to paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section
 1111-a of the vehicle and traffic law made  by  section  seventy-one  of
 this act shall not affect the repeal of such section and shall be deemed
 repealed therewith;
   c.  the amendments to paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (n) of section
 1111-b of the vehicle and traffic law made  by  section  seventy-two  of
 this act shall not affect the repeal of such section and shall be deemed
 repealed therewith;
   d.  the amendments to paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section
 1111-b of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  seventy-three  of
 this act shall not affect the repeal of such section and shall be deemed
 repealed therewith;
   e.  the amendments to paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (n) of section
 1111-b of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  seventy-four  of

 A. 3473                            43
 
 this act shall not affect the repeal of such section and shall be deemed
 repealed therewith;
   f.  the amendments to paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section
 1111-d of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  seventy-five  of
 this act shall not affect the repeal of such section and shall be deemed
 repealed therewith;
   g.  the amendments to paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section
 1111-d of the vehicle and traffic law made  by  section  seventy-six  of
 this act shall not affect the repeal of such section and shall be deemed
 repealed therewith;
   h.  the amendments to paragraphs 2 and 3 of subdivision (m) of section
 1111-d of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  seventy-seven  of
 this act shall not affect the repeal of such section and shall be deemed
 repealed therewith;
   i.  the amendments to paragraph (g) of subdivision 5 and paragraph (a)
 of subdivision 6 of section 396-z of the general business  law  made  by
 sections  ninety-five and ninety-six of this act shall be subject to the
 expiration and reversion of such section pursuant to section 4 of  chap-
 ter 109 of the laws of 2018, as amended;
   j. the amendments to subdivision 3 of section 66-a of the public offi-
 cers  law  made  by section one hundred six of this act shall not affect
 the repeal of such subdivision and shall be deemed  repealed  therewith;
 and
   k.  the  amendments  to  section 89-g of the state finance law made by
 section one hundred seven of this act shall not  affect  the  repeal  of
 such section and shall be deemed repealed therewith.