S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
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9215
I N A S S E M B L Y
February 16, 2024
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Introduced by M. of A. McDONALD -- read once and referred to the Commit-
tee on Agriculture
AN ACT to amend the agriculture and markets law, in relation to estab-
lishing a civil remedy for the protection of companion animals denied
proper care
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. The agriculture and markets law is amended by adding a new
article 26-D to read as follows:
ARTICLE 26-D
CIVIL REMEDY FOR THE PROTECTION OF COMPANION ANIMALS
SECTION 440. LEGISLATIVE PURPOSE.
441. DEFINITIONS.
442. JURISDICTION; COURTS; VENUE.
443. NOTICE OF MISTREATED COMPANION ANIMAL.
444. EMERGENCY POWERS.
445. ANIMAL CARE HEARING.
446. APPEAL.
447. CONSTRUCTION WITH OTHER LAWS.
§ 440. LEGISLATIVE PURPOSE. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PROVIDE
A CIVIL MEANS BY WHICH A COMPANION ANIMAL THAT IS FOUND TO BE MISTREATED
OR NOT PROPERLY CARED FOR MAY BE:
1. MADE THE SUBJECT OF A COURT ORDER TO PROVIDE CARE ISSUED TO ITS
OWNER OR CARETAKER, AND
2. REMOVED FROM ITS PRESENT CUSTODY IF NECESSARY TO ENSURE PROPER
CARE.
§ 441. DEFINITIONS. AS USED IN THIS ARTICLE, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL
HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
1. "MISTREATED OR NOT PROPERLY CARED FOR" MEANS EVERY ACT OR OMISSION
THAT RESULTS IN A COMPANION ANIMAL SUFFERING UNNECESSARY PSYCHOLOGICAL
OR PHYSICAL INJURY OR PAIN, OR FAILING TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE FOOD, WATER,
SHELTER OR VETERINARY CARE NECESSARY TO PRESERVE THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL
WELL-BEING OF A COMPANION ANIMAL.
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD14303-03-4
A. 9215 2
2. "COMPANION ANIMAL" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS DEFINED BY
SECTION THREE HUNDRED FIFTY OF THIS CHAPTER.
3. "AUTHORIZED AGENT" MEANS ANY POLICE OFFICER, OR AGENT OR OFFICER OF
ANY DULY INCORPORATED SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS
PURSUANT TO SECTION THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY-THREE OF THIS CHAPTER.
4. "IMPOUNDING ORGANIZATION" SHALL MEAN ANY MUNICIPAL POUND OR SHEL-
TER, DULY INCORPORATED SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS
OR DULY INCORPORATED HUMANE SOCIETY.
§ 442. JURISDICTION; COURTS; VENUE. 1. A SPECIAL PROCEEDING TO ENSURE
PROPER CARE OR SEIZURE OF A COMPANION ANIMAL SHALL BE MAINTAINED IN THE
SUPREME COURT.
2. THE PLACE OF THE SPECIAL PROCEEDING SHALL BE WITHIN THE JURISDIC-
TIONAL AREA OF THE COURT WHERE SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL THEREOF IS SITU-
ATED.
§ 443. NOTICE OF MISTREATED COMPANION ANIMAL. IF AN AUTHORIZED AGENT
HAS REASON TO BELIEVE THAT A COMPANION ANIMAL HAS BEEN OR IS BEING
MISTREATED OR NOT PROPERLY CARED FOR, SUCH AUTHORIZED AGENT MAY NOTIFY
THE OWNER OR CARETAKER, IN WRITING, OF SUCH OWNER OR CARETAKER'S DUTY TO
PROVIDE CERTAIN CARE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROPER SHELTER,
FOOD, WATER OR VETERINARY CARE TO SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL AT THE OWNER'S
OR CARETAKER'S EXPENSE AND WITHIN A TIME PERIOD DETERMINED BY SUCH
AUTHORIZED AGENT'S DISCRETION.
§ 444. EMERGENCY POWERS. 1. IF SUCH OWNER OR CARETAKER FAILS TO
PROVIDE CARE TO SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL AND SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL REMAINS
MISTREATED OR NOT CARED FOR AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE AND WITHIN THE TIME
PERIOD DETERMINED BY SUCH AUTHORIZED AGENT, AN AUTHORIZED AGENT MAY
IMMEDIATELY PETITION THE COURT FOR AN EX-PARTE EMERGENCY CARE AND
INSPECTION ORDER.
2. AN EMERGENCY CARE AND INSPECTION ORDER SHALL BE IMMEDIATELY ISSUED
UPON A SHOWING OF PROBABLE CAUSE THAT SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL HAS BEEN OR
IS BEING MISTREATED OR NOT PROPERLY CARED FOR.
3. SUCH ORDER SHALL REQUIRE THE OWNER OR CARETAKER TO PROVIDE CARE TO
SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL AND ALLOW AN AUTHORIZED AGENT TO ENTER ONTO THE
PREMISES WHERE SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL IS BEING KEPT TO ENSURE SUCH
COMPANION ANIMAL IS RECEIVING NECESSARY FOOD, WATER, SHELTER AND CARE.
4. AN EX-PARTE EMERGENCY CARE AND INSPECTION ORDER ISSUED PURSUANT TO
THIS SECTION SHALL BE EFFECTIVE UPON SERVICE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
THREE HUNDRED EIGHT OF THE CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES, AND SHALL:
(A) PROVIDE SPECIFIC DETAILS OF SUCH MISTREATMENT OR FAILURE TO
PROVIDE PROPER CARE TO SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL AND DIRECT SUCH OWNER OR
CARETAKER TO TAKE CORRECTIVE ACTION;
(B) ALLOW AN AUTHORIZED AGENT AND LICENSED VETERINARIAN AT THE DIREC-
TION OF SUCH AUTHORIZED AGENT TO INSPECT SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL TO ENSURE
COMPLIANCE WITH THE ORDER TO PROVIDE CARE;
(C) PROHIBIT SUCH OWNER OR CARETAKER FROM INTERFERING WITH SUCH
INSPECTION BY THE AUTHORIZED AGENT OR VETERINARIAN;
(D) PROHIBIT AN OWNER OR CARETAKER FROM TRANSFERRING OWNERSHIP OF SUCH
COMPANION ANIMAL;
(E) PROHIBIT AN OWNER OR CARETAKER FROM EUTHANIZING SUCH COMPANION
ANIMAL WITHOUT FIRST SEEKING AND OBTAINING PERMISSION OF THE COURT ON A
SHOWING THAT SUCH PROCEDURE IS TO PREVENT UNDUE SUFFERING OR PHYSICAL
PAIN TO SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL; AND
(F) ALLOW A VETERINARIAN TO EXAMINE SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL AT LEAST
TWENTY-FOUR HOURS PRIOR TO SUCH ANIMAL CARE HEARING.
5. UPON ISSUANCE OF AN EMERGENCY CARE AND INSPECTION ORDER, THE COURT
SHALL SET A TIME WITHIN TEN CALENDAR DAYS OF THE DATE OF ISSUANCE FOR AN
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ANIMAL CARE HEARING PURSUANT TO SECTION FOUR HUNDRED FORTY-FIVE OF THIS
ARTICLE, TO DETERMINE WHETHER SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL HAS BEEN MISTREATED
OR NOT PROPERLY CARED FOR. THE DATE AND TIME FOR THE SCHEDULED HEARING
SHALL BE NOTED WITHIN SUCH ORDER, OR AS AN ATTACHMENT TO SUCH ORDER.
6. SUCH EMERGENCY CARE AND INSPECTION ORDER AND NOTICE OF ANIMAL CARE
HEARING SHALL BE PROVIDED WITHIN AT LEAST FIVE DAYS PRIOR TO THE SCHED-
ULED ANIMAL CARE HEARING AND SERVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION THREE
HUNDRED EIGHT OF THE CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES. IF SUCH OWNER OR
CARETAKER IS NOT KNOWN, THE EMERGENCY CARE AND INSPECTION ORDER AND
NOTICE OF ANIMAL CARE HEARING MAY BE AFFIXED TO SUCH PREMISES WHERE SUCH
COMPANION ANIMAL WAS LOCATED.
§ 445. ANIMAL CARE HEARING. 1. IN A PROCEEDING TO DETERMINE WHETHER
SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL HAS BEEN OR IS BEING MISTREATED OR NOT PROPERLY
CARED FOR, AND THAT SUCH OWNER IS UNABLE TO OR UNWILLING TO PROVIDE
IMMEDIATE AND CONTINUED PROPER CARE FOR SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL, THE COURT
MAY CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING:
(A) TESTIMONY FROM THE AUTHORIZED AGENT AND OTHER WITNESSES AS TO THE
CONDITION OF SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL;
(B) TESTIMONY FROM THE AUTHORIZED AGENT AND OTHER WITNESSES AS TO THE
CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL WAS KEPT;
(C) EVIDENCE AS TO ANY VETERINARY AND BEHAVIORAL CARE PROVIDED TO SUCH
COMPANION ANIMAL;
(D) TESTIMONY FROM WITNESSES AS TO THE PRIOR TREATMENT OR CONDITION OF
SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL OR OTHER COMPANION ANIMALS IN THE OWNER OR CARE-
TAKER'S CUSTODY;
(E) PRIOR CONVICTIONS OF STATUTES PROHIBITING CRUELTY TO ANIMALS; AND
(F) ANY EVIDENCE THE COURT DEEMS MATERIAL OR RELEVANT.
2. THE AUTHORIZED AGENT SHALL HAVE THE BURDEN TO PROVE, BY A PREPON-
DERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE, THAT SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL WAS MISTREATED OR
NOT PROPERLY CARED FOR, AND THAT SUCH OWNER OR CARETAKER IS UNABLE OR
UNWILLING TO PROVIDE IMMEDIATE AND CONTINUED PROPER CARE FOR SUCH
COMPANION ANIMAL. THE OWNER OR CARETAKER SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT TO A FULL
DEFENSE INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE RIGHT TO CROSS-EXAMINE
WITNESSES AND TO PRESENT WITNESSES AND EVIDENCE.
3. IF THE COURT DETERMINES THAT SUCH OWNER OR CARETAKER OF THE COMPAN-
ION ANIMAL IS UNABLE OR UNWILLING TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE CARE FOR THE
COMPANION ANIMAL AND THAT THE COMPANION ANIMAL WAS MISTREATED OR NOT
PROPERLY CARED FOR, THE COURT SHALL ORDER THE IMMEDIATE FORFEITURE SUCH
COMPANION ANIMAL THAT HAS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF THE HEARING TO THE AUTHOR-
IZED AGENT. THE COURT SHALL ALSO ENJOIN THE OWNER OR CARETAKER'S FURTHER
POSSESSION, CUSTODY, OR OWNERSHIP OF SUCH OTHER COMPANION ANIMALS FOR A
TIME DETERMINED BY THE COURT TO BE REASONABLE.
(A) UPON AN ORDER OF FORFEITURE PURSUANT TO THIS SUBDIVISION, THE
AUTHORIZED AGENT MAY DELIVER SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL TO AN IMPOUNDING
ORGANIZATION FOR ADOPTION OR OTHER DISPOSITION PURSUANT TO SECTION THREE
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER.
(B) ANY ORDER OF FORFEITURE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL IDENTIFY A
SUPERSEDEAS BOND AMOUNT BASED ON THE REASONABLE COST TO CARE FOR THE
COMPANION ANIMAL SUBJECT TO THE ORDER OF FORFEITURE, TO BE PAID BY THE
OWNER OR CARETAKER. REASONABLE COSTS OF CARE SHALL BE DETERMINED BASED
ON TESTIMONY PROVIDED AT THE ANIMAL CARE HEARING AND SHALL BE CALCULATED
BASED ON THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ANIMAL OR ANIMALS AND THE REASONABLE DAILY
COST OF CARE FOR SUCH ANIMAL OR ANIMALS FOR, AT MINIMUM, A PERIOD OF ONE
HUNDRED EIGHTY DAYS.
4. IF THE COURT DETERMINES THAT SUCH OWNER OR CARETAKER OF THE COMPAN-
ION ANIMAL HAS PROVIDED AND WILL CONTINUE TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE CARE FOR
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THE COMPANION ANIMAL THAT HAS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF THE ORDER TO PROVIDE
CARE, OR THAT THE COMPANION ANIMAL WAS NOT MISTREATED OR NOT PROPERLY
CARED FOR AS SET FORTH IN THE EMERGENCY ORDER, THE COURT SHALL VACATE
THE ORDER TO PROVIDE CARE. VACATUR PURSUANT TO THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL
NOT PRECLUDE THE COURT FROM ENTERING AN ORDER TO PROVIDE CARE IN THE
FUTURE.
5. A FINDING IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION THAT THE OWNER OR
CARETAKER OF THE ANIMAL IS GUILTY OF AN OFFENSE BROUGHT PURSUANT TO THIS
ARTICLE RELATING TO THE COMPANION ANIMAL THAT IS THE SUBJECT OF THE
ANIMAL CARE HEARING IS PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE THAT SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL
HAS BEEN MISTREATED OR NOT PROPERLY CARED FOR.
§ 446. APPEAL. 1. AN APPEAL MAY BE TAKEN TO THE APPELLATE DIVISION AS
OF RIGHT, ORIGINATING IN THE SUPREME COURT FROM WHERE THE ORDER OF
FORFEITURE WAS ISSUED. AS A CONDITION OF PERFECTING SUCH APPEAL, THE
OWNER OR CARETAKER SHALL FILE A NOTICE OF APPEAL AND PAY SUCH SUPERSE-
DEAS BOND SET BY THE COURT, NOT LATER THAN TEN CALENDAR DAYS AFTER THE
DATE THE ORDER OF FORFEITURE WAS ISSUED.
2. ANY APPEAL FILED WITH THE APPELLATE DIVISION OF THE SUPREME COURT
SHALL BE PERFECTED WITHIN THIRTY DAYS FOLLOWING THE DATE OF THE ORDER OF
FORFEITURE.
3. A HEARING ON SUCH APPEAL SHALL BE HEARD WITHIN THIRTY CALENDAR DAYS
AFTER SUCH APPEAL IS PERFECTED UNLESS A CONTINUANCE IS MUTUALLY AGREED
UPON THE PARTIES. IF A CONTINUANCE IS GRANTED, THE OWNER OR CARETAKER OF
SUCH FORFEITED COMPANION ANIMAL SHALL PAY A SECOND SUPERSEDEAS BOND IN
THE AMOUNT ORDERED BY THE APPELLATE DIVISION.
4. THE FILING OF SUCH APPEAL SHALL NOT PREVENT THE REMOVAL OF A
FORFEITED COMPANION ANIMAL FROM SUCH OWNER OR CARETAKER'S POSSESSION BY
THE AUTHORIZED AGENT. HOWEVER, IF SUCH SUPERSEDEAS BOND HAS BEEN PAID
UNDER SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION, SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL OR ANIMALS
MAY NOT BE ADOPTED OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF, EXCEPT UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES
WHICH WOULD REQUIRE THE HUMANE EUTHANASIA OF SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL TO
PREVENT UNDUE SUFFERING OR PHYSICAL PAIN, OR WHERE SUCH COMPANION ANIMAL
POSES A SEVERE AND IMMEDIATE DANGER TO ITSELF, PEOPLE OR OTHER ANIMALS.
§ 447. CONSTRUCTION WITH OTHER LAWS. NOTHING IN THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE
CONSTRUED TO (A) LIMIT OR RESTRICT AGENTS OR OFFICERS OF SOCIETIES FOR
THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS OR ANY POLICE OFFICER FROM ENFORC-
ING OTHER PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE TWENTY-SIX OF THIS CHAPTER OR ANY OTHER
LAW RELATING TO THE HUMANE TREATMENT OF, OR CRUELTY TO, ANIMALS, OR (B)
PREVENT A DOG CONTROL OFFICER OR PEACE OFFICER, ACTING PURSUANT TO THE
OFFICER'S SPECIAL DUTIES, OR POLICE OFFICER IN THE EMPLOY OF OR UNDER
CONTRACT TO A MUNICIPALITY FROM SEIZING ANY DOG PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER. RELIEF PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE
STAYED OR CONTINUED DUE TO THE FILING OF CRIMINAL CHARGES INVOLVING OR
OTHERWISE RELATING TO SUCH COMPANION ANIMALS THAT ARE SUBJECT OF THE
EMERGENCY CARE AND INSPECTION ORDER AND ANIMAL CARE HEARING.
§ 2. This act shall take effect on the one hundred twentieth day after
it shall have become a law.